This work tells the story of the merchant Afanasy Nikitin, who leaves his homeland - Ryazan and moves to the lands of Shirvan. He took travel documents with him on the road, which were given to him by Prince Mikhail Borisovich of Tver and Archbishop Gennady. Other merchants on ships also set off with Nikitin. They sail along the Volga, passing the Klyazma Monastery, pass Uglich and end up in Kostroma. Then the governor of Ivan the Third gives them way.

The ambassador of the Shirvan prince has already set off down the Volga. Afanasy Nikitin waits for two weeks for Ambassador Khasan-bek, with whom they continue their journey together.

On the road, Nikitin begins to work on his notes about sailing across three seas. The first sea is Derbent, the second is Indian and the third is Black.

The ship easily passed Kazan. Next, the merchants were told that the Tatars were waiting for them. Hasan-Bek bribes knowledgeable people with gifts with a request to lead them in a different direction. The offerings were accepted, however, and the Tatars were told about Nikitin’s approach. The clash resulted in deaths on both sides. When the ship was on land, the passengers were captured.

In Derbent, Nikitin finds help from Vasily Panin. After his intervention in the case, the prisoners were released.

Afanasy continues on his way. He lives for a short time in various cities, after which he goes beyond the Indian Sea. There he is engaged in trade and almost loses the stallion he brought. Treasurer Muhamed stands up for him, and the Muslims return the stallion. Nikitin considers what happened to be a miracle.

The traveler describes the life and customs of people living in India. He is especially interested in the issue of religion. Afanasy Nikitin laments the fact that he has already lost his way with the church calendar. By the stars he determines the onset of Easter. Then he returns to his homeland.

The traveler is engaged in describing what he saw. Goes into detail, talking about the ports. Delves into the details of what can await travelers, what problems they will encounter.

When Nikitin found himself across the Black Sea, he was mistaken for a spy. Because of this, the head of security robbed him. At the end of the story, Athanasius thanks God for his mercy and for the fact that he managed to cross all three seas.

Picture or drawing Nikitin - Walking beyond three seas

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  Julien Sorel is the most ordinary peasant. But at the same time, he is very smart, and his memory is very good. Thanks to this, he will end up in the house of the mayor of their town

WALKING OVER THREE SEAS Afanasy Nikitina

In the year 6983 (1475) “...”. In the same year, I received the notes of Afanasy, a merchant of Tver, he was in India for four years, and writes that he set off on a journey with Vasily Papin. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcons as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot with an arrow, when Prince Yuri went to Kazan. I couldn’t find in the records in what year Afanasy left or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote the notes in his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow to Vasily Mamyrev, the clerk of the Grand Duke.

For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afanasy Nikitin’s son.

I wrote here about my sinful journey across three seas: the first sea - Derbent, Darya Khvalisskaya, the second sea - Indian, Darya Gundustan, the third sea - Black, Darya Istanbul.

I went from the golden-domed Savior with his mercy, from my sovereign Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich Tverskoy, from Bishop Gennady Tverskoy and from Boris Zakharyich.

I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazin monastery to the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he received a blessing from Abbot Macarius and the holy brethren. From Kalyazin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without any obstacles. And, sailing from Uglich, he came to Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another letter from the Grand Duke. And they let me go without any obstacles. And he arrived in Plyos without any obstacles.

And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the exile Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without any obstacles. Vasily Papin, however, had already passed through the city, and I waited in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks for Hasan Bey, the ambassador of the Shirvanshah of the Tatar. And he rode with gyrfalcons from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons. I swam with them down the Volga. They passed Kazan without obstacles, did not see anyone, and Horda, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezan sailed and entered Buzan. And then three infidel Tatars met us and gave us false news: “Sultan Kasim is lying in wait for the merchants on Buzan, and with him are three thousand Tatars.” The Shirvanshah's ambassador, Hasan-bek, gave them a single-row caftan and a piece of linen to guide us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took one line at a time, and sent the news to the Tsar in Astrakhan. And I and my comrades left my ship and moved to the embassy ship.

We sailed past Astrakhan, and the moon was shining, and the king saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: “Kachma - don’t run!” But we haven’t heard anything about this and are running under our own sail. For our sins, the king sent all his people after us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. They shot a man, and we shot two Tatars. But our smaller ship got stuck near the Ez, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.

We reached the sea on a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the point. And our large ship was robbed here and four Russian men were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and were not allowed back up the river, so that no news was given.

And we went, crying, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship, Ambassador Khasan-bek, and the Teziki, and ten of us Russians; and in the other ship there are six Muscovites, six Tver residents, cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship was broken on the shore. And here stands the town of Tarki, and people went ashore, and the kaytaki came and took everyone prisoner.

And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and the Shirvanshah’s ambassador Hasan-bek, with whom we came, with my brow, so that they could take care of the people whom the kaytaks captured near Tarki. And Hasan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a walker to the Shirvanshah to convey: “Sir! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaytaki, when they arrived, took the people prisoner and plundered their goods.”

And the Shirvanshah immediately sent an envoy to his brother-in-law, the Kaitak prince Khalil-bek: “My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, coming, captured the people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and collect their goods, because those people were sent to me. And what do you need from me, send it to me, and I, my brother, will not contradict you in anything. And those people came to me, and you, for my sake, let them come to me without obstacles.” And Khalil-bek released all the people to Derbent immediately without obstacles, and from Derbent they were sent to the Shirvanshah at his headquarters - koytul.

We went to the Shirvanshah’s headquarters and beat him with our foreheads so that he would favor us rather than reach Rus'. And he didn’t give us anything: they say there are a lot of us. And we parted, crying in all directions: someone who had something left in Rus' went to Rus', and whoever had to, went wherever he could. And others remained in Shemakha, while others went to Baku to work.

And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baku he went overseas - to Chapakur.

And I lived in Chapakur for six months, and I lived in Sari for a month, in Mazandaran land. And from there he went to Amol and lived here for a month. And from there he went to Damavand, and from Damavand - to Ray. Here they killed Shah Hussein, one of the children of Ali, the grandchildren of Muhammad, and the curse of Muhammad fell on the killers - seventy cities were destroyed.

From Rey I went to Kashan and lived here for a month, and from Kashan to Nain, and from Nain to Iezd and lived here for a month. And from Yazd he went to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarom, livestock here is fed with dates, and a batman of dates is sold for four altyns. And from Tarom he went to Lar, and from Lar to Bender - that was the Hormuz pier. And here is the Indian Sea, in Persian Daria of Gundustan; It's a four mile walk from here to Hormuz-grad.

And Hormuz is on an island, and the sea attacks it twice every day. I spent my first Easter here, and came to Hormuz four weeks before Easter. And that’s why I didn’t name all the cities, because there are many more big cities. The heat of the sun in Hormuz is great, it will burn a person. I was in Hormuz for a month, and from Hormuz after Easter on the day of Radunitsa I went in a tawa with horses across the Indian Sea.

And we walked by sea to Muscat for ten days, and from Muscat to Dega for four days, and from Dega to Gujarat, and from Gujarat to Cambay. This is where paint and varnish are born. From Cambay they sailed to Chaul, and from Chaul they left in the seventh week after Easter, and they walked by sea for six weeks in a tawa to Chaul. And here is the Indian country, and people walk naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, everyone walks with bellies, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Both men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they are amazed at the white man. The prince there has a veil on his head and another on his hips, and the boyars there have a veil over his shoulder and another on his hips, and the princesses walk with a veil over their shoulder and another veil on their hips. And the servants of the princes and boyars have one veil wrapped around their hips, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, some with darts, others with daggers, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; Yes, everyone is naked, and barefoot, and strong, and they do not shave their hair. And women walk - their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and boys and girls walk naked until they are seven years old, their shame is not covered.

From Chaul they went overland, walked to Pali for eight days, to the Indian mountains. And from Pali they walked ten days to Umri, an Indian city. And from Umri there are seven days' journey to Junnar.

The Indian khan rules here - Asad Khan of Junnar, and he serves Melik-at-Tujar. Melik-at-Tujar gave him troops, they say, seventy thousand. And Melik-at-Tujar has two hundred thousand troops under his command, and he has been fighting the Kafars for twenty years: and they have defeated him more than once, and he has defeated them many times. Assad Khan rides in public. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of warriors, Khorasans. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, some from the Arab land, some from the Turkmen land, others from the Chagotai land, and they are all brought by sea in tavs - Indian ships.

And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to Indian land, and with him I reached Junnar, with God’s help, healthy, and he cost me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day. I spent the winter in Junnar and lived here for two months. Every day and night - for four whole months - there is water and mud everywhere. These days they plow and sow wheat, rice, peas, and everything edible. They make wine from large nuts, they call it Gundustan goats, and they call mash from tatna. Here they feed the horses peas, and cook khichri with sugar and butter, and feed the horses with them, and in the morning they give them hornets. There are no horses in the Indian land; bulls and buffaloes are born in their land - they ride on them, carry goods and carry other things, do everything.

In the summer of 6983 <...>. In the same year, I found the writing of Ofonas Tveritin, a merchant who had been in Ynda for 4 years, and went, he says, with Vasily Papin. According to the experiments, if Vasily went from Krechata as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they said that a year before the Kazan campaign he came from the Horde, if Prince Yuri was near Kazan, then they shot him near Kazan. It is written that he did not find it, in which summer he went or in which summer he came from Yndey and died, but they say that, dey, he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote the scripture with his own hand, and it was his hands who brought those notebooks to the guests to Vasily Mamyrev, to the clerk to the Grand Duke in Moscow.

Per year 6983 (1475)(...). In the same year, I received the notes of Afanasy, a merchant of Tver, he was in India for four years, and writes that he set off on a journey with Vasily Papin. I asked when Vasily Papin was sent with gyrfalcons as an ambassador from the Grand Duke, and they told me that a year before the Kazan campaign he returned from the Horde, and died near Kazan, shot with an arrow, when Prince Yuri went to Kazan. I couldn’t find in the records in what year Afanasy left or in what year he returned from India and died, but they say that he died before reaching Smolensk. And he wrote the notes in his own hand, and those notebooks with his notes were brought by merchants to Moscow to Vasily Mamyrev, the clerk of the Grand Duke.

For the prayer of the saints, father onOur Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afonasya Mikitin’s son.

For the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afanasy Nikitin’s son.

Behold, you have written your sinful journey across the three seas: 1st Sea of ​​Derbenskoye, Doria Praises bckaa; 2nd Indian Sea, Gundustanskaya Doria, 3rd Black Sea, Stebolskaya Doria.

I wrote here about my sinful journey across three seas: the first sea - Derbent, Darya Khvalisskaya, the second sea - Indian, Darya Gundustan, the third sea - Black, Darya Istanbul.

I died from the golden-domed Savior and by his mercy, from my sovereign, from Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich Tversky, and from Bishop Gennady Tversky, and Boris Zakharyich.

I went from the golden-domed Savior with his mercy, from my sovereign Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich Tverskoy, from Bishop Gennady Tverskoy and from Boris Zakharyich.

And went down the Volga. And he came to the Kolyazin monastery to the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and to the holy martyr Boris and Gleb. And he blessed the abbot, Macarius and the holy brethren. And from Kolyazin I went to Uglech, and from Uglech they released me voluntarily. And from there I left, from Uglech, and came to Kostroma to Prince Alexander with the Grand Duke’s new diploma. And he let me go voluntarily. And coming to Pleso you are voluntarily.

I swam down the Volga. And he came to the Kalyazin monastery to the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb. And he received a blessing from Abbot Macarius and the holy brethren. From Kalyagin I sailed to Uglich, and from Uglich they let me go without any obstacles. And, sailing from Uglich, he came to Kostroma and came to Prince Alexander with another letter from the Grand Duke. And he let me go without any obstacles. And he arrived in Plyos without any obstacles.

And I came to Novgorod in Nizhnyaya to Mikhailo x Kiselev, to the governor, and to the duty officer to Yvan to Saraev, and they released me voluntarily. And Vasily Papin passed by the city for two weeks, and I waited in Novgorod in Nizhny for two weeks for the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvanshin Asanbeg, and he was driving from the Krechats from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety Krechats.

And I came to Nizhny Novgorod to Mikhail Kiselev, the governor, and to the exile Ivan Saraev, and they let me go without any obstacles. Vasily Papin, however, had already passed through the city, and I waited in Nizhny Novgorod for two weeks for Hasan Bey, the ambassador of the Shirvanshah of the Tatar. And he rode with gyrfalcons from Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety gyrfalcons.

And I came with them to the bottom of the Volga. And we passed Kazan voluntarily, we didn’t see anyone, and we passed the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezans We've passed. And we drove into Buzan. Then three filthy Tatars came at us and told us false news: “Kaisym Saltan is guarding the guests in Buzan, and with him are three thousand Tatars.” And the Shirvanshin ambassador Asanbeg gave them one piece of paper and a piece of canvas to lead them past Khaztarahan. And they, the filthy Tatars, took one by one and gave the news to the king in Khaztarahan. And I left my ship and climbed onto the ship for the message and with my comrades.

I swam with them down the Volga. They passed Kazan without obstacles, did not see anyone, and Horda, and Uslan, and Sarai, and Berekezan sailed and entered Buzan. And then three infidel Tatars met us and gave us false news: “Sultan Kasim is lying in wait for the merchants on Buzan, and with him are three thousand Tatars.” The Shirvanshah's ambassador, Hasan-bek, gave them a single-row caftan and a piece of linen to guide us past Astrakhan. And they, the unfaithful Tatars, took one line at a time, and sent the news to the Tsar in Astrakhan. And I and my comrades left my ship and moved to the embassy ship.

We drove past Khaztarahan, and the moon was shining, and the king saw us, and the Tatars called to us: “Kachma, don’t run!” But we didn’t hear anything, but fled like a sail. Because of our sin, the king sent his entire horde after us. They caught us on Bogun and taught us to shoot. And we shot a man, and they shot two Tatars. And the ship is ours less it became difficult, and they took us and then plundered us, and my little junk was all in a smaller ship.

We sailed past Astrakhan, and the moon was shining, and the king saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: “Kachma - don’t run!” But we haven’t heard anything about this and are running under our own sail. For our sins, the king sent all his people after us. They overtook us on Bohun and started shooting at us. They shot a man, and we shot two Tatars. But our smaller ship got stuck near the Ez, and they immediately took it and plundered it, and all my luggage was on that ship.

And in a large ship we reached the sea, but at the mouth of the Volga we became aground, and they took us there, and ordered us to pull the ship back up before I'll go. And here is our ship more The Russians robbed us and took four of our heads, but they sent us over the sea with our bare heads, and the news of the affair did not let us go up.

We reached the sea on a large ship, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and then they overtook us and ordered the ship to be pulled up the river to the point. And our large ship was robbed here and four Russian men were taken prisoner, and we were released with our bare heads across the sea, and were not allowed back up the river, so that no news was given.

And I went to Derbent, crying, two ships: in one ship Ambassador Asanbeg, and Teziks, and ten of us Rusak heads; and in another ship there are 6 Muscovites, and six Tverians, and cows, and our food. And the truck arose on the sea, and the smaller ship crashed on the shore. And there is the town of Tarkhi, and people came ashore, and the kaytaks came and caught all the people.

And we went, crying, on two ships to Derbent: in one ship, Ambassador Khasan-bek, and the Teziki, and ten of us Russians; and in the other ship there were six Muscovites, six Tver residents, cows, and our food. And a storm arose on the sea, and the smaller ship was broken on the shore. And here stands the town of Tarki, and people went ashore, and the kaytaki came and took everyone prisoner.

And we came to Derbent, and Vasily came back in good health, and we were robbed. AND beat you brow to Vasily Papin and Ambassador Shirvanshin Asanbeg, that I am with him They came to grieve for the people who were caught near Tarkhi Kaitaki. And Asanbeg was sad and went to the mountain to Bulatubeg. And Bulatbeg sent a fast walker to shirevan Shibeg that: “Sir, a Russian ship was broken up near Tarkhi, and the kaytaki, when they arrived, people caught them, and their goods were plundered.”

And we came to Derbent, and Vasily arrived there safely, and we were robbed. And I beat Vasily Papin and the Shirvanshah’s ambassador Hasan-bek, with whom we came, with my brow, so that they would take care of the people whom the kaytaks captured near Tarki. And Hasan-bek went to the mountain to ask Bulat-bek. And Bulat-bek sent a walker to the Shirvanshah to convey: “Sir! The Russian ship crashed near Tarki, and the kaytaki, when they arrived, took the people prisoner and plundered their goods.”

And Shirvanshabeg at the same hour sent an envoy to his brother-in-law Alil-beg, the Kaitachevo prince, saying: “The ship is my it was defeated near Tarhi, and your people, when they came, captured people and plundered their goods; and so that, while sharing me, you would send people to me and collect their goods, those people were also sent in my name. And what do you need from me, and you came to me, and I don’t bother you, your brother. And those people came in my name, and you would have released them to me voluntarily, sharing me.” And Alilbeg of that hour the people sent everyone to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they sent them to the Shirvanshi in his yard, Koitul.

And the Shirvanshah immediately sent an envoy to his brother-in-law, the prince of the Kaitak Khalil-bek: “My ship crashed near Tarki, and your people, coming, captured the people from it, and plundered their goods; and you, for my sake, people came to me and collect their goods, because those people were sent to me. And what do you need from me, send it to me, and I, my brother, will not contradict you in anything. And those people came to me, and you, for my sake, let them come to me without obstacles.” And Khalil-bek immediately released all the people to Derbent without obstacles, and from Derbent they were sent to the Shirvanshah at his headquarters - koytul.

And we went to Shirvansha in Koitul and beat him with his forehead so that he would favor us rather than get to Rus'. And he didn’t give us anything, but there are a lot of us. And we burst into tears and dispersed in all directions: whoever had anything in Rus' went to Rus'; and whoever should, and he went where his eyes took him. And others remained in Shamakhi, and others went to work for Baka.

We went to the Shirvanshah’s headquarters and beat him with our foreheads so that he would favor us rather than reach Rus'. And he didn’t give us anything: they say there are a lot of us. And we parted, crying in all directions: whoever had what was left in Rus' went to Rus', and whoever had to, went wherever he could. And others remained in Shemakha, while others went to Baku to work.

And Yaz went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baka, where the fire burns unquenchable, and from Baki he went overseas to Chebokar.

And I went to Derbent, and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baku he went overseas to Chapakur.

Yes, here I lived in Chebokar for 6 months, and I lived in Sara for a month, in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amili, and here you lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Rey. And they killed Shausen, the Aleev children and the Makhmetev grandchildren, and he cursed them, and 70 other cities collapsed.

And I lived in Chapakur for six months, and I lived in Sari for a month, in Mazandaran land. And from there he went to Amol and lived here for a month. And from there he went to Damavand, and from Damavand to Ray. Here they killed Shah Hussein, one of the children of Ali, the grandchildren of Muhammad, and the curse of Muhammad fell on the killers - seventy cities were destroyed.

And from Drey to Kasheni, and here I lived for a month, and from Kasheni to Nain, and from Nain to Ezdi, and here I lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and funiki to feed the animals, batman for 4 altyns. And from Torom to Lar, and from Lar to Bender, and here there is the Gurmyz shelter. And here there is the Indian Sea, and in the Parse language and Hondustan Doria; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles.

From Rey I went to Kashan and lived here for a month, and from Katan to Nain, and from Nain to Yazd and lived here for a month. And from Yazd he went to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarom, livestock here is fed with dates, batman dates are sold for four altyns. And from Tarom he went to Lar, and from Lar to Bender - then the Hormuz pier. And here is the Indian Sea, in Persian Daria of Gundustan; It's a four mile walk from here to Hormuz-grad.

And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day the sea catches him twice a day. And then I took the first Great Day, and I came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great Day. Because I didn’t write all the cities, there are many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a sunburn that will burn a person. And I was in Gurmyz for a month, and from Gurmyz I went across the Indian Sea along the Velitsa days to Radunitsa, to Tava with the conmi.

And Hormuz is on an island, and the sea comes on it twice every day. I spent my first Easter here, and came to Hormuz four weeks before Easter. And that’s why I didn’t name all the cities, because there are many more big cities. The heat of the sun in Hormuz is great, it will burn a person. I was in Hormuz for a month, and from Hormuz after Easter on the day of Radunitsa I went in a tawa with horses across the Indian Sea.

And we walked by sea to Moshkat for 10 days; and from Moshkat to Degu 4 days; and from Dega Kuzryat; and from Kuzryat to Konbaatu. And then paint and paint will appear. And from Konbat to Chuvil, and from Chuvil I am went in the 7th week according to Velitsa days, and we walked in tava for 6 weeks by sea to Chivil.

And we walked by sea to Muscat for ten days, and from Muscat to Dega for four days, and from Dega to Gujarat, and from Gujarat to Cambay. This is where paint and varnish are born. From Cambay they sailed to Chaul, and from Chaul they left in the seventh week after Easter, and they walked by sea for six weeks in a tawa to Chaul.

And here there is an Indian country, and people walk around all naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks with their bellies, and children are born every year, and they have many children. And the men and women are all naked, and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me, and they marvel at the white man. And their prince has a photo on his head, and another on his head; and their boyars have a photo on the shoulder, and a friend on the guzn, princesses walk around with a photo on the shoulder, and a friend on the guz. And the servants of the princes and boyars - a photo on the guzne, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, and some with sulits, and others with knives, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; and everyone is naked, barefoot, and big-haired, but they don’t shave their hair. And the women walk around with their heads uncovered and their nipples bare; and boys and girls walk naked until they are seven years old, not covered in rubbish.

And here is the Indian country, and people walk naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, everyone walks with bellies, and children are born every year, and they have many children. Both men and women are all naked and all black. Wherever I go, there are many people behind me - they are amazed at the white man. The prince there has a veil on his head and another on his hips, and the boyars there have a veil over their shoulder and another on their hips, and the princesses walk with a veil over their shoulder and another veil on their hips. And the servants of the princes and boyars have one veil wrapped around their hips, and a shield, and a sword in their hands, some with darts, others with daggers, and others with sabers, and others with bows and arrows; Yes, everyone is naked, and barefoot, and strong, and they do not shave their hair. And women walk around - their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and boys and girls walk naked until they are seven years old, their shame is not covered.

And I went dry from Chuvil for 8 days until Pali, to Indian Mountains. And from Pali to Die there are 10 days, and that is an Indian city. And from Umri to Chuner there are 7 days.

From Chaul they went overland, walked to Pali for eight days, to the Indian mountains. And from Pali they walked ten days to Umri, an Indian city. And from Umri there are seven days' journey to Junnar.

There is Asatkhan Chunerskya Indian, and the slave is Meliktucharov. And he holds say, seven themes from meliktochar. And the meliqtuchar sits at 20 tmah; and he fights with the Kaffarah for 20 years, then they beat him, then he beats them many times. Khan As rides on people. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of Khorosan people. And they are brought from the Khorosan lands, and some from the Orap lands, and others from the Turkmen lands, and others from the Chebotai lands, and they bring everything by sea in tavs - Indian ships.

The Indian khan rules here - Asad Khan of Junnar, and he serves Melik-at-Tujar. Melik-at-Tujar gave him troops, they say, seventy thousand. And Melik-at-Tujar has two hundred thousand troops under his command, and he has been fighting the Kafars for twenty years: and they have defeated him more than once, and he has defeated them many times. Assad Khan rides in public. And he has a lot of elephants, and he has a lot of good horses, and he has a lot of warriors, Khorasans. And horses are brought from the Khorasan land, some from the Arab land, some from the Turkmen land, others from the Chagotai land, and they are all brought by sea in tavs - Indian ships.

And the sinful tongue brought the stallion to the Yndey land, and I reached Chuner: God gave me everything in good health, and became me a hundred rubles. It has been winter for them since Trinity Day. And we spent the winter in Chuner, and lived for two months. Every day and night for 4 months there was water and dirt everywhere. On those same days they yell and sow wheat, and Tuturgan, and nogot, and everything edible. They make wine in great nuts - goats of Gundustan; and the mash is repaired in Tatna. The horses are fed with nofut, and the kichiris is boiled with sugar, and the horses are fed with butter, and they are given hornets to wound them. In the Yndei land they will not give birth to horses, in their land oxen and buffaloes will be born, and goods are also ridden on them, other They drive, they do everything.

And I, a sinner, brought the stallion to Indian land, and with him I reached Junnar, with God’s help, healthy, and he cost me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day. I spent the winter in Junnar and lived here for two months. Every day and night—for four whole months—there was water and mud everywhere. These days they plow and sow wheat, rice, peas, and everything edible. They make wine from large nuts, they call it Gundustan gozi, and they call it mash from tatna. Here they feed the horses peas, and cook khichri with sugar and butter, and feed the horses with them, and in the morning they give them hornets. There are no horses in the Indian land; bulls and buffaloes are born in their land - they ride on them, carry goods and carry other things, do everything.

Chyunerey city is on a stone island, not covered with anything, created by God. And they walk up the mountain every day, one person at a time: the road is narrow, and two people can’t get water.

Junnar-grad stands on a stone rock, is not fortified by anything, and is fenced by God. And the path to that mountain day, one person at a time: the road is narrow, it is impossible for two to pass.

In the Yndeyskaya land, guests set up food in the courtyard, and food is cooked for the guests of the lady, and the bed is made for the guests of the lady, and they sleep with the guests. Sikish iliresen strangler of Beresin, sikish ilimes ek resident of Bersen, dostur avrat chektur, and sikish mufut; but they love white people.

In Indian land, merchants are settled in farmsteads. The housewives cook for the guests, and the housewives make the bed, and sleep with the guests. If you have a close connection with her, give two residents, if you do not have a close connection, give one resident. There are many wives here according to the rule of temporary marriage, and then a close relationship is for nothing; but they love white people.

In the winter they have People photo on the head, and another on the shoulder, and the third on the head; and the princes and boyars lift themselves up trousers, and a shirt, and a caftan, and a photo on the shoulder, and gird another one, and turn the head with a third one. A se olo, olo abr, olo ak, ollo kerem, ollo ragim!

In winter, their common people wear a veil on their hips, another on their shoulders, and a third on their head; and the princes and boyars then put on ports, a shirt, a caftan, and a veil on their shoulders, gird themselves with another veil, and wrap a third veil around their heads. O God, great God, true Lord, generous God, merciful God!

And in Chuner, the Khan took a stallion from me, and found out that Yaz was not a Besermenian - a Rusin. And he says: “I will give a stallion and a thousand golden ladies, and stand in our faith - on Mahmet Day; If you don’t join our faith, on Mahmat Day, I will take a stallion and a thousand gold coins on your head.” And the term was imposed for four days, in Ospozhino shit on Spasov Day. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not leave his mercy on me, a sinner, and did not order me to perish in Chyuner with the wicked. And on the eve of Spasov, the hostess Makhmet Khorosanets came and beat him with his forehead so that he would grieve for me. And he went to the khan in the city and asked me to leave so that they wouldn’t convert me, and he took my stallion from him. This is the miracle of the Lord on Savior Day. Otherwise, brother Rusti Christians, who wants to go to the Indian land, leave your faith in Rus', and cry out to Mahmet and go to the Gundustan land.

And in that Junnar, the khan took the stallion from me when he found out that I was not a Besermen, but a Rusyn. And he said: “I will return the stallion, and I will give a thousand gold coins in addition, just convert to our faith - to Muhammaddini. If you don’t convert to our faith, to Muhammaddini, I will take the stallion and a thousand gold coins from your head.” And he set a deadline - four days, on Spasov Day, on Assumption Sunday. Yes, the Lord God took pity on his honest holiday, did not leave me, a sinner, with his mercy, did not allow me to perish in Junnar among the infidels. On the eve of Spasov's day, the treasurer Mohammed, a Khorasanian, arrived, and I beat him with my forehead so that he would work for me. And he went to the city to Asad Khan and asked for me, so that they would not convert me to their faith, and he took my stallion back from the khan. This is the Lord's miracle on Savior Day. And so, Russian Christian brothers, if anyone wants to go to the Indian land, leave your faith in Rus', and, calling Muhammad, go to the Gundustan land.

The Besermen dogs lied to me, but they said there was only a lot of our goods, but there was nothing for our land: all the white goods for the Besermen land, pepper and paint, were cheap. Others are transported by sea, and they do not give duties. But other people won’t let us carry out duties. And there are a lot of duties, and there are a lot of robbers on the sea. And all the Kafars, not the peasants, not the besermen, are defeated; but they pray like a stone blockhead, but they don’t know Christ or Makhmet.

The Besermen dogs lied to me, they said that there is a lot of our goods, but there is nothing for our land: all the goods are white for the Besermen land, pepper and paint, then they are cheap. Those who transport oxen overseas do not pay duties. But they won’t let us transport goods without duty. But there are many tolls, and there are many robbers on the sea. The Kafars are robbers; they are not Christians and are not irreligious: they pray to stone fools and know neither Christ nor Muhammad.

And I from Chunerya went out on Ospozhin day to Beder, to their great city. And we walked for a month to Beder; and from Beder to Kulonkerya 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kolberg 5 days. Between those great cities there are many cities; Every day there are three cities, and sometimes four cities; Koko kov, just hail. From Chuvil to Chyunery there are 20 kovs, and from Chuner to Beder there are 40 kovs, and from Beder to Kulonger there are 9 kovs, and from Beder to Kolubergu 9 miles.

And from Junnar they left for Assumption and went to Bidar, their main city. It took a month to reach Bidar, five days from Bidar to Kulongiri, and five days from Kulongiri to Gulbarga. Between these large cities there are many other cities; every day three cities passed by, and other days four cities: as many cities as there are cities. From Chaul to Junnar there are twenty kovas, and from Junnar to Bidar forty kovas, from Bidar to Kulongiri there are nine kovas, and from Bidar to Gulbarga there are nine kovas.

In Beder, there is trading for horses, for goods, and for damask, and for silk, and for all other goods, and buy in it People black; and there are no other purchases in it. Yes, all their goods are from Gundustan, and all food is vegetables, but there is no goods for the Russian land. And all the black people, and all the villains, and the wives are all whores, yes And, yes dad, yes a lie, yes a potion, having given the gift, they drink the potion.

In Bidar, horses, damask, silk and all other goods and black slaves are sold at the auction, but there are no other goods here. The goods are all from Gundustan, and only vegetables are edible, but there are no goods for the Russian land. And here the people are all black, all villains, and the women are all walking, and sorcerers, and thieves, and deception, and poison, they kill the gentlemen with poison.

In the Yndey land, all Khorosans reign, and all the boyars are Khorosans. And the Gundustanians are all pedestrians, and the Khorosans walk in front of them on horses, and others are all on foot, walking like greyhounds, and all are naked and barefoot, with a shield in their hands, and a sword in the other, and others with great bows with straight arrows. And all of them are elephants. Yes, the foot soldiers are allowed to go ahead, and the Khorosans are on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves. And to the elephant they knit great swords to the snout and to the teeth according to the centar of forged ones, and cover them in damask armor, and towns are made on them, and in the towns there are 12 people in armor, and everyone with guns and arrows.

In the Indian land, all Khorasans reign, and all the boyars are Khorasans. And the Gundustanians are all on foot and walk in front of the Khorasans, who are on horses; and the rest are all on foot, walking quickly, all naked and barefoot, with a shield in one hand, a sword in the other, and others with large straight bows and arrows. More and more battles are fought on elephants. In front are foot soldiers, behind them are Khorasans in armor on horses, both themselves and horses in armor. Large forged swords are tied to the heads and tusks of the elephants, weighing a centar each, and the elephants are dressed in damask armor, and turrets are made on the elephants, and in those turrets there are twelve people in armor, all with cannons and arrows.

They have one place, shikhb Aludin pir yatyr bazaar Alyadinand. For a year there is one bazaar, the whole Indian country comes to trade, and they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 kovs. They bring horses, they sell up to 20 thousand horses, they bring all kinds of goods. In the land of Gundustan, this trade is the best, all kinds of goods are sold and bought in memory of Shikh Aladin, and in Russian for the Protection of the Holy Mother of God. In that Alyanda there is a bird called kukuk, which flies at night and calls: “kuk-kuk,” and on which the khoromine sits, then a person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise fire will come out of her mouth. And mammon walk all night and have chickens, but live in a mountain or in a stone. And the monkeys live in the forest. And they have a monkey prince, and he leads his army. But whoever hides it, and they complain to their prince, and he sends his army against him, and they, coming to the city, will destroy the courtyards and beat the people. And their army, they say, is many, and they have their own language. And they will give birth to many children; Yes, who will be born neither as father nor mother, and they are tossed along the roads. Some Gundustanians have them and teach them all kinds of handicrafts, while others sell nights so that they don’t know how to run back, and others teach base mikanets.

There is one place here - Aland, where Sheikh Alaeddin, the saint, lies and a fair. Once a year, the whole Indian country comes to trade at that fair; they trade here for ten days; from Bidar there are twelve kovs. They bring horses here - up to twenty thousand horses - to sell, and they bring all sorts of goods. In the land of Gundustan, this fair is the best, every product is sold and bought on the days of memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in our opinion, on the Intercession of the Holy Virgin. And there is also a bird called gukuk in that Åland, it flies at night and shouts: “kuk-kuk”; and on whose house she sits, the person will die, and whoever wants to kill her, she lets fire out of her mouth at him. Mamons walk at night and grab chickens, and they live on hills or among rocks. And monkeys live in the forest. They have a monkey prince who goes about with his army. If someone offends monkeys, they complain to their prince, and he sends his army against the offender, and when they come to the city, they destroy houses and kill people. And the army of monkeys, they say, is very large, and they have their own language. Many cubs are born to them, and if one of them is born as neither the mother nor the father, they are abandoned on the roads. Some Gundustanis select them and teach them all sorts of crafts; and if they sell, then at night, so that they cannot find their way back, but they teach others amuse people.

It's spring for them Intercession Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate Shiga Aladin, in the spring for two weeks according to the Intercession, and they celebrate for 8 days. And spring lasts 3 months, and summer lasts 3 months, and winter lasts 3 months, and autumn is 3 months.

Their spring began with the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. And they celebrate the memory of Sheikh Alaeddin and the beginning of spring two weeks after the Intercession; The holiday lasts eight days. And their spring lasts three months, and summer three months, and winter three months, and autumn three months.

In Bederi their table is for Gundustan of Besermen. But the city is great, and there are many great people. And the saltan is not long - 20 years, but the boyars hold it, and the Khorosans reign, and all the Khorosans fight.

Bidar is the capital city of Gundustan of Besermen. The city is big and there are a lot of people in it. The Sultan is young, twenty years old - the boyars rule, and the Khorasans reign and all the Khorasans fight.

There is a Khorosan meliktuchar boyar, but he has two hundred thousand of his army, and Melikhan has 100 thousand, and Faratkhan has 20 thousand, and many of those khanoz have 10 thousand troops. And three hundred thousand of their army come out with the saltan.

A Khorasan boyar, Melik-at-Tujar, lives here, so he has two hundred thousand of his army, and Melik Khan has one hundred thousand, and Farat Khan has twenty thousand, and many khans have ten thousand troops. And with the Sultan comes three hundred thousand of his troops.

And the earth is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked, and the boyars are strong and kind and lush velmi. And everyone carries them on their beds on silver, and horses lead in front of them. gear gold up to 20; and behind them there are 300 people on horseback, and five hundred people on foot, and 10 pipe makers, yes nagarnikov 10 people, and 10 flute players.

The land is populous, and the rural people are very poor, but the boyars have great power and are very rich. The boyars are carried on silver stretchers, in front of the horses they are led in golden harness, up to twenty horses are led, and behind them are three hundred horsemen, and five hundred foot soldiers, and ten trumpeters, and ten people with drums, and ten dudars.

Saltan goes out for fun with his mother and his wife, or with him there are 10 thousand people on horses, and fifty thousand on foot, and two elephants are brought out, dressed in gilded armor, and in front of him there are a hundred pipe-makers, and a hundred dancers, and simple horses 300v gear gold, and behind him a hundred monkeys, and a hundred whores, and all of them are gauroks.

And when the Sultan goes for a walk with his mother and his wife, then ten thousand horsemen and fifty thousand foot soldiers follow him, and two hundred elephants are brought out, all in gilded armor, and in front of him there are a hundred trumpeters, and a hundred dancers, and they lead three hundred riding horses in golden harness, one hundred monkeys, and one hundred concubines, they are called gauryks.

In Saltanov’s courtyard there are seven gates, and in each gate sits a hundred guards and a hundred Kaffar scribes. Who goes, they write down, and who goes out, they write down. But the Garips are not allowed into the city. And his courtyard is wonderful, everything is carved and painted in gold, and the last stone is carved and described in gold. Yes, there are different courts in his yard.

There are seven gates leading to the Sultan’s palace, and at the gates sit one hundred guards and one hundred Kaffar scribes. Some write down who goes into the palace, others - who leaves. But strangers are not allowed into the palace. And the Sultan’s palace is very beautiful, there are carvings and gold on the walls, the last stone is very beautifully carved and painted in gold. Yes, in the Sultan’s palace the vessels are different.

The city Thigh They guard thousands of Kutovalov men at night, and ride horses in armor, and everyone has a light.

At night, the city of Bidar is guarded by a thousand guards under the command of a kuttaval, on horses and in armor, and each holding a torch.

And he sold his stallion’s tongue in Bederi. Yes, you gave him sixty and eight hundred pounds, and you fed him for a year. In Bederi, snakes walk along the streets, and their length is two fathoms. He came to Beder to plot about Filipov and Kulonger, and sold his stallion about Christmas.

I sold my stallion in Bidar. I spent sixty-eight feet on him and fed him for a year. In Bidar, snakes crawl along the streets, two fathoms long. I returned to Bidar from Kulongiri on the Filippov fast, and sold my stallion for Christmas.

And then I went to the Great Messenger in Bederi and got acquainted with many Indians. And I told them with my faith that I am not a besermen and a Christian, but my name is Ofonasei, and the besermen’s name of the owner is Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to hide from me about anything, neither about food, nor about trade, nor about manaza, nor about other things, nor did they learn to hide their wives.

And I lived here in Bidar until Lent and met many Hindus. I revealed my faith to them and said that I am not a Germanless person, but faith of Jesus Christian, and my name is Afanasy, and my Besermen name is Khoja Yusuf Khorasani. And the Hindus did not hide anything from me, neither about their food, nor about trade, nor about prayers, nor about other things, and they did not hide their wives in the house.

Yes, everything is about faith about their trials, and they say: we believe in Adam, but the buty, it seems, is Adam and his entire race. A believe In India there are 80 and 4 faiths, and everyone believes in Buta. And faith with faith neither drink, neither eat, nor marry. And others eat boranin, and chickens, and fish, and eggs, but there is no faith in eating oxen.

I asked them about faith, and they told me: we believe in Adam, and the buts, they say, are Adam and his whole race. And all the faiths in India are eighty and four faiths, and everyone believes in Buta. But people of different faiths do not drink with each other, do not eat, and do not marry. Some of them eat lamb, chickens, fish, and eggs, but no one eats beef.

In Bederi there were 4 months and the Indians decided to go to the First, then their Jerusalem, and according to the Besermensky Myagkat, G de their butkhana. There he died with the Indians and there will be a dry month. And the butkhana trades for 5 days. But the butkhana velmi is as big as half of Tver, stone, and rubble deeds are carved on it. Near it all 12 crowns were cut, how he worked miracles, how he showed them many images: first, he appeared in a human image; another, a man, and the nose of elephants; third, a man, but the vision is a monkey; fourthly, a man, but in the image of a fierce beast, and being him all with tail And it is carved on a stone, and the tail through it is fathoms.

I stayed in Bidar for four months and agreed with the Hindus to go to Parvat, where they have a butkhana - that is their Jerusalem, the same as Mecca for the Besermen. I walked with the Indians until Butkhana for a month. And at that butkhana there is a fair that lasts five days. The buthana is large, half the size of Tver, made of stone, and the deeds of the buthana are carved in the stone. Twelve crowns are carved around the butkhana - how the but performed miracles, how he appeared in different images: the first - in the form of a man, the second - a man, but with an elephant trunk, the third - a man, and the face of a monkey, the fourth - half man, half fierce beast, appeared all with a tail. And it is carved on a stone, and the tail, about a fathom long, is thrown over it.

The whole Indian country comes to Butkhan for the miracle of Butovo. Yes, old and young, women and girls shave at the butkhan. And they shave all their hair - beards, heads, and tails. Let them go to the butkhan. Yes, from every head they take two sheshkens of duty on buta, and from horses, four feet. And all people come to the butkhan bysty azar lek vah bashet sat azar lek.

The whole Indian country comes to that butkhana for the Butha festival. Yes, old and young, women and girls shave at the butkhana. And they shave off all their hair, shave both their beards and their heads. And they go to the butkhana. From each head they take two sheshkens for buta, and from the horses - four feet. And all the people come to the butkhana twenty thousand lakhs, and sometimes one hundred thousand lakhs.

And with the Sultan came twenty-six viziers, and with each vizier ten thousand cavalry and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and with another vizier fifteen thousand horsemen and thirty thousand foot. And there were four great Indian viziers, and with them came an army of forty thousand cavalry and one hundred thousand foot. And the Sultan was angry with the Hindus because few people came out with them, and they added twenty thousand more foot soldiers, two thousand horsemen, and twenty elephants. Such is the strength of the Indian Sultan, Besermensky. Muhammad's faith is good. And the growth is bad, but God knows the right faith. And the right faith is to know the one God and to call upon his name in every clean place.

On the fifth Great Day we set our sights on Rus'. Idoh from Beder city a month before the ulu bagryam of Besermen Mamet Denis Rozsulal. And the Great Day of the peasants I did not know of Christ’s resurrection, but they were shitty because of the besermen, and I broke my fast with them, and the Great Day took 10 kovs from Bederi in Kelberi.

On the fifth Easter I decided to go to Rus'. Left Bidar a month before Besermen Ulu Bayram according to the faith of Muhammad, the messenger of God. And when Easter, the Resurrection of Christ, I don’t know, I fasted with the Besermen during their fast, broke my fast with them, and celebrated Easter in Gulbarga, ten miles from Bidar.

The Sultan came and meliktuchar with his army 15 day along the street, and in Kelberg. But the war was not successful for them, they took one Indian city, but many of their people were killed, and a lot of treasuries were lost.

The Sultan came to Gulbarga with Melik-at-Tujar and his army on the fifteenth day after Ulu Bayram. The war was unsuccessful for them - they took one Indian city, but many people died and they spent a lot of treasury.

But the Indian saltan kadam velmi is strong, and he has a lot of troops. And he sits in the mountain in Bichiniger, and his city is great. There are three ditches around it, and a river flows through it. And from one country his zhengel is evil, and from another country he came, and the place is wonderful And please on All. There is nowhere to come to the same country, there are roads through the city, and there is nowhere to take the city, a great mountain has come and a forest of evil is ticking. The army melted under the city during the month, and the people died without water, and many heads died from hunger and lack of water. And he looks at the water, but there is nowhere to take it.

But the Indian Grand Duke is powerful, and he has a lot of troops. His fortress is on a mountain, and his capital city Vijayanagar is very large. The city has three moats, and a river flows through it. On one side of the city there is a dense jungle, and on the other side the valley approaches - an amazing place, suitable for everything. That side is not passable - the path goes through the city; The city cannot be taken from any direction: there is a huge mountain there and an evil, thorny thicket. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died of thirst, and a lot of people died of hunger and thirst. We looked at the water, but didn’t go near it.

But the city took the Indian Melikyan owner, and took him by force, day and night he fought against the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with cannons. And his army killed five thousand good people. And they took the city, and slaughtered 20 thousand of the male and female livestock, and took 20 thousand of the great and small livestock. And they sold a full head for 10 teneks, and another for 5 teneks, and the guys are shy for two tenks. But there was nothing in the treasury. But he didn’t take more cities.

Khoja Melik-at-Tujar took another Indian city, took it by force, fought with the city day and night, for twenty days the army neither drank nor ate, stood under the city with guns. And his army killed five thousand of the best warriors. And he took the city - they slaughtered twenty thousand males and females, and twenty thousand - both adults and children - were taken captive. They sold prisoners for ten tenki per head, and others for five, and children for two tenki. They didn’t take the treasury at all. And he did not take the capital city.

And from Kelbergu I walked to Kuluri. But in Kuluri the akhik is born, and they make it, and ship it from there to the whole world. And in Kuril there are three hundred diamond miners sulyakh mikuneT. And the same was five months, and from there Kaliki disappeared. The same bozar velmi is great. And from there he went to Konaberg, and from Kanaberg he went to shikh Aladin. And from shikh Aladin he went to Amendriya, and from Kamendriya to Naryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabyli - the haven of the Indian Sea.

From Gulbarga I went to Kallur. Carnelian is born in Kallur, and here it is processed, and from here it is transported all over the world. Three hundred diamond miners live in Kallur, weapons are decorated. I stayed here for five months and went from there to Koilkonda. The market there is very big. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga to Aland. And from Aland he went to Amendriye, and from Amendriye - to Naryas, and from Naryas - to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabhol - the pier of the Indian Sea.

Dabil is a great city, and besides, the whole Indian and Ethiopian seaside comes together. The same accursed slave of Athos the Most High God, the creator of heaven and earth, was inspired by the faith of the peasants, and by the baptism of Christ, and by the holy fathers of God, according to the commandments of the apostles, and set out with his mind to go to Rus'. And take a breath same in tawa, and talk about ahead by ship, and from its head two gold to Gurmyz grad date. I got into the ship from Dabyl city to Velik in three months of besermensky shit.

The large city of Dabhol - people come here from both the Indian and Ethiopian coasts. Here I, accursed Athanasius, slave of the Most High God, creator of heaven and earth, thought about the Christian faith, and about Christ’s baptism, about the fasts established by the holy fathers, about the apostolic commandments, and I set my mind on going to Rus'. He went up to the tawa and agreed on the ship's payment - from his head to Hormuz-grad two gold dals. I sailed on a ship from Dabhol-grad to the Besermen post, three months before Easter.

I walked on the sea for a month and saw nothing. The next month, when they saw the Ethiopian mountains, the same people all shouted: “Ollo the first-diger, ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolmyshti,” and in Russian they said: “God bless, God, the Most High God, the king of heaven, here he judged us thou shalt perish!”

I sailed in the sea for a whole month, not seeing anything. And the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains, and all the people cried out: “ Ollo pervodiger, ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasin bolmyshti”, and in Russian this means: “God, Lord, God, Most High God, King of Heaven, here you destined us to perish!”

I spent five days in the same land of Ethiopia. By God's grace no evil was committed. Having distributed a lot of cheese, pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians, don’t rob the ship whether.

We were in that land of Ethiopia for five days. By the grace of God, no evil happened. They distributed a lot of rice, pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians. And they didn’t rob the ship.

And from there I walked 12 days to Moshkat. In Moshkat he took the sixth Great day. And I walked to Gurmyz for 9 days, and stayed in Gurmyz for 20 days. From Gurmyz I went to Lari, and spent three days in Lari. It took 12 days to travel from Lari to Shiryaz, and 7 days to Shiryaz. And it took 15 days from Shiryaz to Vergu, and 10 days to Velergu. And from Vergu I went to Ezdi for 9 days, and to Ezdi for 8 days. And go away to Spagani 5 days, and to Spagani 6 days. A is Pagani Kashini died, and there were 5 days in Kashini. And Is Kashina went to Kum, and Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava I went to Sultan, and from Sultan I went to Terviz, a is Terviza I went to the Asanbeg horde. There were 10 days in the horde, but there was no way anywhere. And he sent the army of his court to 40 thousand. Ini Sevast was taken, and Tokhat was taken and burned, Amasia was taken, and many villages were plundered, and they went to Karaman in war.

And from there it took twelve days to reach Muscat. I celebrated the sixth Easter in Muscat. It took nine days to get to Hormuz, but we spent twenty days in Hormuz. And from Hormuz he went to Lar, and was in Lar for three days. From Lar to Shiraz it took twelve days, and in Shiraz it was seven days. From Shiraz I went to Eberka, I walked for fifteen days, and it was ten days to Eberka. From Eberku to Yazd it took nine days, and in Yazd he spent eight days, and from Yazd he went to Isfahan, he walked for five days, and in Isfahan he spent six days. And from Isfahan he went to Kashan, and was in Kashan for five days. And from Kashan he went to Qom, and from Qom to Save. And from Save he went to Soltaniya, and from Soltaniya he went to Tabriz, and from Tabriz he went to the headquarters of Uzun Hasan-bek. He was at headquarters for ten days, because there was no way anywhere. Uzun Hasan-bek sent forty thousand troops to his court against the Turkish Sultan. They took Sivas. And they took Tokat and burned it, and they took Amasia, plundered many villages and went to war against the Karaman ruler.

And Yaz from the horde went to Artsitsan, and from Ortsitsan he went to Trepizon.

And from Uzun Hasan Bey’s headquarters I went to Erzincan, and from Erzincan I went to Trabzon.

The Holy Mother of God and the ever-virgin Mary came to Trebizon for the Intercession, and stayed in Trepizon for 5 days. And he came to the ship and talked about a tax - a gold payment from his head to Kafa; and the golden one took it for grub, and gave it to the Cafe.

He came to Trabzon for the Protection of the Holy Mother of God and the Ever-Virgin Mary and was in Trabzon for five days. I came to the ship and agreed on payment - to give gold from my head to Kafa, and for grub I borrowed gold - to give it to Kafa.

And in Trapizon, my Shubash and Pasha committed a lot of evil. They brought all my rubbish to the city up the mountain, and searched everything - what a good little change, or robbed it all. And they are searching for letters that came from the horde of Asanbeg.

And in that Trabzon the subashi and pasha did me a lot of harm. Everyone ordered me to bring my property to their fortress, to the mountain, and they searched everything. And what little good there was - they all robbed it. And they were looking for letters, because I was coming from Uzun Hasan-bek’s headquarters.

By the grace of God I came to the third sea Chernago, and in the Parsi language Doria Stimbolskaa. We walked along the sea in the wind for 10 days, reached Vonada, and there we were met by a great midnight wind, which returned us to Trabizon, and we stood in Platan for 15 days, the wind was great and evil. And the plane trees went to the sea twice, And An evil wind meets us and will not allow us to walk on the sea. Ollo aka, ollo bad first digger! I don’t know the development of that other God.

By the grace of God I reached the third sea - the Black Sea, which in Persian is Darya of Istanbul. With a fair wind, we sailed by sea for ten days and reached Bona, and then a strong north wind met us and drove the ship back to Trabzon. Due to a strong headwind, we stood in Platan for fifteen days. We went out to sea from Platana twice, but the wind blew against us and did not allow us to cross the sea. True God, patron God! Besides him, I don’t know any other God.

And the sea passed away, and take us in They went to Balikaya, and from there to Tokorzov, and they stayed there for 5 days. By the grace of God, I arrived in Kafa 9 days before Philip’s plot. Ollo first digger!

We crossed the sea and brought us to Balaklava, and from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood there for five days. By the grace of God I came to Kafa nine days before the Philippian fast. God is the creator!

By the grace of God he passed through three seas. Diger is bad, ollo first diger is given. Amen! Smilna rahmam ragim. Ollo akbir, akshi khodo, ilello aksh hodo. Isa ruhoalo, aaliqsolom. Ollo Akber. And iliagail ilello. Ollo the first digger. Ahamdu lillo, shukur khudo afatad. Bismilnagi razmam rragim. Huvo mogu go, la lasailla guiya alimul gyaibi va shagaditi. Fuck Rakhman Rahim, fuck I can lie. La ilyaga or Lyakhuya. Almelik, alakudos, asalom, almumin, almugamine, alazizu, alchebaru, almutakanbiru, alkhalik, albariyuu, almusaviryu, alkafaru, alkalhar, alvazahu, alryazaku, alfatag, alalimu, alkabizu, albasut, alhafiz, allrraviya, almavizu, almuzil, alsemil, albasir, alakamu, aladul, alyatufu.

By the grace of God I crossed three seas. God knows the rest, God the patron knows. Amen! In the name of the merciful, merciful Lord. The Lord is great, the good God, the good Lord. Jesus Spirit of God, peace be with you. God is great. There is no God but the Lord. The Lord is a Provider. Praise be to the Lord, thanks be to the all-conquering God. In the name of the merciful, merciful God. He is God, besides whom there is no God, who knows everything secret and obvious. He is merciful, merciful. He has no one like him. There is no God but the Lord. He is the king, holiness, peace, guardian, appraiser of good and evil, omnipotent, healing, exalting, creator, maker, imager, he is the absolver of sins, the punisher, the solver of all difficulties, nourisher, victorious, omniscient, punishing, corrective, preserving, exalting, forgiving, overthrowing, all-hearing, all-seeing, right, just, good.

In the same year I discovered the writing of Ofonas Tveritin the merchant...— This entry, dating back to 1474-1475, most likely belongs to the compiler of an independent chronicle of the 80s. XV century

...in Yndey for 4 years...- Afanasy Nikitin stayed in India, as we can assume, from mid-1471 to early 1474; see the following news from Indian chronicles about the time of the capture of the cities mentioned by Nikitin, and indications of the relationship between the dates of the Russian calendar and the Muslim lunar calendar.

...if Prince Yuri was near Kazan, then he was shot near Kazan. — We are obviously talking about the campaign of Russian troops against Kazan led by Ivan III’s brother, Prince Yuri Vasilyevich Dmitrovsky, which ended in September 6978 (1469); Outside the commented monument there is no information about Vasily Papin in Shirvan after Ivan III.

...He didn’t reach Smolensk and died.— Smolensk was part of the Lithuanian state until 1514.

Vasily Mamyrev (1430—1490)- Grand Duke's clerk, left by Ivan III together with I. Yu. Ryapolovsky in Moscow during the invasion of Khan Akhmat in 1480 and who supervised the construction of fortifications in Vladimir in 1485.

For prayer... Afonasy Mikitin's son. — The patronymic (“surname”) of the author of “Walking across Three Seas” is mentioned only in the initial phrase of the monument, filled in in the edition according to the Trinity list (it is not in the chronicle).

...Derbenskoye Sea, Doria Khvalitskaa...- Caspian Sea; Daria (pers.) - sea.

...the Indian Sea, the Gundustan Road...- Indian Ocean.

...Doria Stebolskaya. - The Black Sea is also called Stebolsky (Istanbul) after the Greek folk and Turkish name of Constantinople - Istimpoli, Istanbul.

...from the Holy Golden-Domed Savior...— The main cathedral of Tver (XII century), according to which the Tver land was often called “the house of the Holy Savior.”

Mikhail Borisovich- Grand Duke of Tver in 1461-1485.

Bishop Gennady- Bishop of Tver in 1461-1477, former Moscow boyar Gennady Kozha.

Boris Zakharyich- a governor who led the Tver troops that helped Vasily the Dark in the fight against his opponent Dmitry Shemyaka, a representative of the Borozdin family, who later transferred to Moscow service.

...Kolyazin Monastery of the Holy Trinity... Boris and Gleb. - The Trinity Monastery in the Tver city of Kalyazin on the Volga was founded by Abbot Macarius, mentioned by Nikitin; The Church of Boris and Gleb was located in the Makaryevsky Trinity Monastery.

...to Uglech...— Uglich is a city and inheritance of the Grand Duchy of Moscow.

...came... to Kostroma to see Prince Alexander...— Kostroma on the Volga was one of the direct possessions of the Grand Duke of Moscow.

...VNovgorod toLower...— Since 1392, Nizhny Novgorod was part of the domain of the Grand Duke of Moscow; Viceroy Mikhail Kiselev - apparently Φ's father. M. Kiselev, who received a charter from Ivan III before 1485.

... two weeks...- Obviously, a copyist's mistake; these words (they are not in the Trinity edition) are repeated further in the same phrase.

...shirvanshina...— Shirvanshah Farrukh Yasar ruled in the Shirvan state in 1462-1500.

...Kaisym Saltan...- Khan Kasim, the second ruler of the Astrakhan Khanate.

...on the road...- Ez (stab) - a wooden fence on the river for fishing.

...thesis...— This is what merchants from Iran were usually called.

...kaitaks...— Kaitak is a mountainous region in Dagestan.

...to Baka, where the fire burns unquenchable...— We are probably talking about flames in places where oil comes out or about a temple of fire worshipers.

And they killed Shausen...— On the days of remembrance of Imam Hussein (died in Mesopotamia in the 7th century), participants in the procession exclaim: “Shahsey! Vakhsey! (Shah Hussein! Wah Hussein!); These days are celebrated by Shiites at the beginning of the year according to the Muslim lunar calendar (in 1469, Oshur Bayram fell at the end of June - beginning of July). The desolation of the Rhea district is associated with the wars of the 13th century.

...batman for 4 altyns...- Batman (pers.) - a measure of weight that reached several pounds; altyn - a monetary unit of account that contained six money.

...Acatch him in the sea every day, twice a day.— Sea tides in the Persian Gulf are semi-diurnal.

And then you took the first Great day...— From the further presentation it follows that in Hormuz Nikitin celebrated the third Easter outside Rus'. Perhaps the traveler wanted to say that this was the first holiday that he encountered when he came to the Indian Ocean.

...VRadunitsa.— Radunitsa is the ninth day after Easter.

...to the tawa with the conmi. — Tava (Marathi daba) is a sailing ship without an upper deck. The massive import of horses to India was carried out to replenish the cavalry and the needs of the local nobility for many centuries.

...paint and lek.— We are talking about blue indigo paint (cf. further “let the Nile paint be repaired”) and the preparation of varnish.

...a photo is on the head, and another is on the head...— The traveler talks about the turban (Persian photo) and dhoti (Indian), which, like women's clothing, saris, were made from unstitched fabric.

...Asatkhan Chunerskya is Indian, andserf meliktucharov. — Asadkhan of Junnar, a native of Gilan, is mentioned in Indian chronicles as a person close to the great vizier, Mahmud Gavan, who bore the title of melik-attujar (lord of merchants).

...kafars...— Kafir (Arabic) — infidel, that’s how Nikitin first called Hindus, using a term accepted among Muslims; later he called them “Hundustanis” and “Indians.”

It's been winter since Whitsundays. — This refers to the period of monsoon rainfall, which lasts in India from June to September. Trinity - the fiftieth day after Easter; falls in May-June. — It is unclear which city A. Nikitin means. Spring began for them with the Intercession...— This refers to the beginning of the new season in October after a period of monsoon showers.

Α saltan is small - 20 lT...- In the year of Nikitin’s arrival in India, Sultan Muhammad III was seventeen years old, in the year of departure - twenty.

There is a Khorosan meliktuchar boyar...- This is what Nikitin calls the great vizier Mahmud Gavan, a native of Gilan.

...a thousand Kutovalov people...— Kutuval (pers.) — commandant of the fortress.

...futunov...— It’s possible that Nikitin calls the gold coin that way for the fans.

...about the curseAbout Filipov... — Filippov's fast lasts from November 14 to Christmas, which falls on December 25.

...until the Great Conspiracy...— Lent begins seven weeks before Easter, that is, in February–early March.

...like Usteney the Tsar of Constantinople...— Statue in Constantinople of Justinian I (527-565).

...the ox is great, andcarved from stone...— Statue of the bull Nandi, the companion of Shiva.

...full.— Sita is a honey drink.

...resident...- Resident - copper coin.

...to the Besermensky ulu bagr. - Ulu Bayram is a great holiday, the same as Kurban Bayram (the holiday of sacrifice) - one of the main holidays in Islam, celebrated on the 10th-13th of the month of Dhu-l-Hijjah according to the Muslim lunar calendar, the relationship of which with the solar calendar changes annually. Nikitin further indicates that the holiday took place in mid-May; this allows us to set the year to 1472.

...Afrom Moshkat...— Apparently, an insertion by a chronicler; these words contradict the indicated travel time; they are not included in the Trinity List. ...manik, yes yakhut, yes kirpuk...- Mani (Sanskrit) - ruby; Yakut (Arabic) - yakhont, more often sapphire (blue yakhont), less often ruby ​​(lal); kirpuk (distorted carbuncle) - ruby.

...ammons will be born...— Ammon is a precious stone, possibly a diamond.

They sell a kidney for five rubles...- Kidney - a measure of weight for precious stones (“heavy” - one twentieth and “light” - one twenty-fifth of the spool, respectively: 0.21 g and 0.17 g).

...aukyikov(in the Trinity list: aukykov) - the text is unclear. They assume an indication of a) the type of ships (Arabic - gunuk); b) distance.

Maya month 1 day Great day took you toBeder...— Nikitin celebrated the fourth Easter outside Rus' at the wrong time; Easter does not occur later than April 25 (Julian calendar).

...ABeserman Bagram insons-in-law inWednesdayhey...— Kurban Bayram in 1472 fell on May 19.

The very first great day took you intoKaine, Aanother great day in Chebokara...— Regarding this place, it has been suggested that Cain is either a distorted name for some point in Transcaucasia, or Nain in Iran; but Nikitin visited Nain after Chapakur, in which case it follows that Nikitin celebrated the first Easter outside Rus' in Chapakur, and the second in Nain.

...yes toGreat iron weights are tied to the snout. “Nikitin mistook the large bells that were hung around the elephant’s neck for weights.

Yes, there are a thousand simple horsestacklex gold...— When noble people were leaving, it was customary to bring out riding horses in full horse harness, demonstrating the wealth and nobility of the owner.

Saadak— a set of weapons: a bow in a case and a quiver with arrows.

...plays with a terem...— This refers to the ceremonial umbrella chhatra (ind.), a symbol of power.

...makhtum...- Makhdum (Arabic) - master. An honorary title that the Grand Vizier Mahmud Gavan received in May 1472 after the capture of Goa.

...runaways.- Run (Turkic, meaning from run, beat) - representatives of the feudal nobility (Arabic synonym - emir).

Yaisha Myrza was killed by Uzoasanbeg...—Jehanshah Kara-Koyunlu, who ruled Iran and a number of neighboring regions, was killed in November 1467 in a battle with the troops of his rival Uzun Hasan Ak-Koyunlu.

...ASultan Musyait was nourished...— Sultan Abu Said, who ruled in Central Asia, invaded Transcaucasia. Surrounded by the troops of Uzun Hassan and his ally, Farrukh Yasar was captured and executed in February 1469.

...AEdiger Makhmet...— Muhammad Yadigar is a rival of Abu Said, who temporarily seized power after his death.

...two cities were taken by Indians...- According to Indian chronicles during the war of 1469-1472. two coastal cities of Sangameshwar and Goa were taken; the latter, as can be seen from the correspondence of Mahmud Gavan, was occupied on February 1, 1472.

...stood near the city for two years...— We are talking about the siege of the Cologne fortress during the same war.

...they took three great cities.- According to Indian chronicles, during the campaign in Telingana in 1471-1472. Three important fortresses were occupied - Warangal, Kondapalli, Rajahmundry. The troops were commanded by Malik Hasan, who bore the title of nizam-al-mulk.

...come...- Copyist's error: in the Chronicle - sewn; the following phrase contains the correctly spelled word "came".

...at the Prince of Binedar...— Virupaksha II, Maharaja of Vijayanagara, reigned 1465-1485. Nikitin further calls him “Indian Avdon” and “Indian Sultan Kadam”.

The Sultan left the city of Bederya on the eighth month according to Wielitsa days. — Sultan Muhammad III, as established from the correspondence of Mahmud Gavan, set out on a campaign against Belgaon on March 15, 1473.

...Arightswowru Godgives.Α right faithThere is only one God to know, and to call on his name in every place is pure and pure. — This statement by Afanasy Nikitin, directly adjacent to the phrase written in Persian: “But Muhammad’s faith is good,” testifies to the originality of his worldview. It cannot be reduced to a simple idea of ​​religious tolerance: the words “God knows” elsewhere in Nikitin mean uncertainty - “God knows what will happen.” Nikitin considers only monotheism and moral purity to be mandatory properties of the “right faith”. In this regard, his worldview comes close to the views of Russian heretics of the late 15th century, who argued that a representative of any “language” could become “pleasing to God” as long as he “does the truth.”

...a month before ulu bagryam...- In 1473, this holiday began on May 8th.

...and broke his fast with them, and the great day took placeKelbury...- Consequently, Nikitin celebrated the sixth Easter in May, that is, not on time, just like the previous one.

...one city was taken by the Indians...— The city of Belgaon, the siege and capture of which in 1473 is described in detail in Indian chronicles.

An army stood under the city for a month...— We are talking about the unsuccessful siege of the city of Vijaya Nagar.

...went to Amendriya, and from Kamendriya to Naryas, and from Kinaryas to Suri...— It is unclear which cities between Åland and Dabhol the traveler is talking about.

... until Great Day, three months of besermen's shit. — Nikitin points here to the relationship in a given year between two moving dates of the Muslim and Orthodox calendars. In 1474, Ramadan began on January 20, and Easter on April 10.

Α in Turkish...— Turkish Sultan Mehmed II reigned from 1451 to 1481.

...in Karamansky...— Power in Karaman changed hands several times during these years. The Sultan's viceroy was Mustafa, son of Mehmed II. The hereditary ruler of Karaman was Pir Ahmed (d. 1474), an ally of Uzun Hassan.

...shubash and pasha...- Su-bashi - head of the city security; Pasha is the Sultan's viceroy.

I don’t think there’s any need to tell you that you can stumble upon anything on the Internet.
There are, for example, texts that at first look like “complete nonsense” - like: This cannot be, because it can never happen.
For example, I recently read a study about “Walking across Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin. What was written there looked like a blatant lie.
Well, a true Orthodox merchant from Tver could not write such a thing.

Moreover, SUCH a text (carefully kept in Moscow to this day) could not be included in the Izbornik - “the treasury of ancient Russian literature of Holy Orthodox Moscow Rus'.”
I look at the book “Izbornik. Tales of Ancient Rus'” (Moscow 1986, introductory article by Academician Likhachev), and I see that, for example, the last paragraph looks like this:
"Sea “We crossed the sea and brought us to Balaklava, and from there we went to Gurzuf, and we stood there for five days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafa nine days before Philip’s fast. (God is the creator!)

(God knows the rest, God is the patron.) Amen! (In the name of the merciful, merciful Lord. The Lord is great, the good God. The good Lord. Jesus the spirit of God, peace be with you. God is great. There is no God but the Lord. The Lord is the Provider. Praise be to the Lord, thanks be to the all-conquering God. In the name of the merciful, merciful God. He is God, besides whom there is no God, He is merciful, merciful. There is no God besides the Lord, He is the king, the holiness, the preserver, the judge of good and evil, the omnipotent, the healer, the exalter. , creator, creator, imager, he is the absolver of sins, the punisher, the resolver of all difficulties, the nourisher, the victorious, the all-knowing, the punishing, the correcting, the preserving, the elevating, the forgiving, the overthrowing, the all-hearing, all-seeing, right, just, good.) "

Everything seems to be orderly and decent at first glance.

But then something happened that made me change my opinion about the integrity of Academician Likhachev and everyone who was preparing the 1986 book for release.

Turns out, they deliberately and blatantly lied.

I remembered that I have a book somewhere that my parents bought. (Geographgiz 1960, circulation 10,000 copies (a drop in the bucket for the USSR), price 90 rubles (old money! :)))
The book was published in the wake of Khrushchev’s urgent effort to establish “Hindi Rus' bhai, bhai” with newly independent India.

Color illustrations in the style of Khokhloma miniatures are laid out with tissue paper, at the beginning of the volume there is a separate brochure with a reprinted (facsimile) handwritten text (a kind of “color photocopier”) of the original, then this handwritten text is printed in a typographic font for ease of reading, then - translation into Russian , then, - translation into Hindi, then, into English...

So here it is.
It turns out that Afanasy thanked not just the “Abstract” Lord, but ALLAH. (in the original - OLLO).

Moreover, he addressed Allah not in his “ancient Russian” language, but like any normal Muslim, and he prayed exactly the same way, and with the same standard formulas for praising Allah (as, for example, an Uzbek, a Chechen and a a German who converted to Islam) not in his own language, but in ARABIC. Like this:
“And the sea passed, and brought us from here to Balikaeya, and from there to Tokorzov, and there they stood for 5 days. By the grace of God, I came to Kafa 9 days before Filipov’s covenant. Ollo first digger!

By the grace of God he passed through three seas.
Diger Khudo dono, Ollo first digger given. Amen! Smilna Rakhmam Rahim. Ollo Akbir, akshi Khudo, ilello aksh Khodo. Isa ruhoalo, aaliqsolom. Ollo Akber. And iliagail ilello. Ollo first digger. Ahamdu lillo, shukur Khudo afatad. Bismilnagi rahmam rragim. Huvo mogu go, la lasailla guiya alimul gyaibi va shagaditi. Fuck Rakhman Rahim, fuck I can lie. Lyailyaga il Lyakhuya. Almelik, alakudos, asalom, almumin, almugamine, alazizu, alchebar, almutakanbiru, alkhaliku, albariyu, almusaviryu, alkafaru, alkalhar, alvazahu, alryazaku, alfatag, alalimu, alkabizu, albasut, alhafiz, allrraviya, almavizu, almuzil, mile, albasir, alakamu, aladulya, alyatufu."
==== http://www.old-russian.chat.ru/16nikitin.htm ====

And an adequate translation would be:
By the grace of God I crossed three seas.
Allah knows the rest, Allah is the protector. Amen! In the name of Allah, the merciful, the merciful. Allah is great, (in the original - Allah akbar) Good God. Allah is good. Isa (Jesus) spirit of God, peace be with you. Allah is great. (in the original - Allah Akbar) There is no God but Allah. Allah is the Provider. Praise be to the Lord, thanks be to Allah the all-conquering. In the name of Allah, the merciful, the merciful....

And in other places in the text, he freely switches to Farsi, which is no less “native and understandable” to him (for example, when he writes “intimate” things about how much you can “pick up” a local prostitute for).
There are two options:
Either he is Afanasy - the original local Tver Muslim, who wrote travel notes that were understandable for his compatriots - Russian Muslims like him, or then (in 1472) in Moscow religion was a consistent and non-hostile mixture of Christian saints and Allah and, accordingly, there was no "enslavement Holy Orthodox Moscow Rus' was not infidels.
Although doubts immediately arise about how “local” Afanasy himself is. It is likely that he is a “first generation Tver” who took root in Tver as an adult (today we know a lot of such “first generation Russians”) because in this quote he clearly shows that in those days (“Russians”, “ Mosvichs (Muscovites) and Tverichs) are people of different communities:

"And I went to Derbent, crying, two ships: in one ship Ambassador Asanbeg, yes theses, Yes, there are about ten of us Russians; and in another ship there are 6 Muscovites, and six Tver, yes cows, yes our food."

(And the fact that in other places in the text, Athanasius respectfully remembers and prays and does not yet prove anything to the Christian saints, so among Muslims today Jesus (Isa) and the Mother of God (Mary = Miriam) are among the 40 most revered saints).

Supporters of the “official” version of the original “purity of Moscow Orthodoxy” are very fond of quoting the episode where the supposedly “true Orthodox” Afanasy refuses to convert to the “besermensky faith.”

But very close, in the text there is this (here’s how it is presented under the guise of a “translation” into Russian):

In India, women are considered low-cost and cheap: if you want to meet a woman, it costs 2 shetels. This is the custom. Slaves are cheap: 4 pounds - good, 5 pounds - good and black.

I don’t know the Great Day of the Resurrection of Christ and I guess by signs: for Christians the Great Day happens before the Busurman Bayram by 9 or 10 days. I don't have any book with me; we took books from Rus', but when I was robbed, they were taken too. And I forgot the whole Christian faith and Christian holidays: I don’t know either the Great Day, or the Nativity of Christ, or Wednesday, or Friday. And among the faiths I pray to God to keep me:

“O Lord God, true God, God, you are a merciful God, there is one God, the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth. »

And I return to Rus' with the thought: my faith is lost...

And here is how the same thing is written in the original by Athanasius:

In Yndeya kakpa chektur and I’m learning: you’re cutting or irsen and living; akichany ila atarsyn alty zhetel take; bulara dostur. A kul koravash uchuz char funa hub, bem funa hube sia; kapkara amchyuk kichi want.

From Pervati you came to Beder, fifteen days before the Besermensky Ulubag. But I don’t see the Great Day and the Resurrection of Christ, but from signs I guess the Great Day happens on the Christian first Besermensky Bagram in nine days or ten days. But I have nothing with me, no book; And they took my books with them from Rus', and if they robbed me, they took them, and I forgot all the Christian virs. Peasant holidays, I don’t know either Holy Days or the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know Wednesdays or Fridays; and I am in between ver tangydan istremen ol saklasyn:

“Ollo khodo, ollo aky, ollo you, ollo aqber, ollo ragym, ollo kerim, ollo ragym ello, ollo karim ello, tangresen, khodosensen. There is one God, you are the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth.”

And I’m going to Rus', ketmyshtyr name, uruch tuttym.
* * *
“Besermenin Melik strongly forced me to accept the Besermen faith.
I told him:
“Mister! You make a prayer and I also make a prayer. You say the prayer five times, I say it three times. I am a foreigner, and you are from here.”
He tells me:
“It is truly evident that you are not a Germanic, but you also don’t know Christian customs.”
And I really thought about it...."

That is, both agreed that their “namaz” is the same, only Melik prays five times, and Afanasy prays three times.

The same text "in the original":
“Besermenin Melik, he forced me a lot into the faith of the Besermenian article.
I tell him:
“Mister! You namaz kalarsen, men and namaz kilarmen; you pray kylarsiz, men and 3 kalaremen; Men garip, and sen inchay.”
He says:
“The truth is, you don’t seem to be a besermen, but you don’t know the peasantry.”
I fell into many thoughts and thoughts,..."

In his diary, Athanasius himself calls his prayer prayer.

And here is what Muslims write about Athanasius on their website:

"Afanasy Nikitin writes: “Such is the power of the Sultan of Besermen!” And further: “Mamet deni iaria”, which translates as: “But Muhammad’s faith is good,” which also indicates Nikitin’s changed attitude towards Islam. This is followed by a phrase in Persian: “And the age of deni informs badly - but God knows the right faith. right faith to know the One God, to call on His name, in every clean place in purity.”

It is known that the One God is Allah, calling on His name is dhikr, “in every clean place in purity” - this is a condition of taharat for prayer, known to all Muslims.

Already in Rus', he ends his notes with a prayer, which strengthens the idea that the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin has nevertheless changed his former belief.
Surprisingly, Nikitin in his last hours mentions phrases that a righteous Muslim would repeat before his death. The final prayer in Afanasy Nikitin’s “Walk” consists of three parts:
1) general glorification of God,
2) distorted writing of the glorification of Allah according to verses 22-23 of the 59th sura of the Koran and
3) an unmistakable in order and quite accurate in spelling list of epithets of Allah, starting from the 4th to the 31st of his “names”.

How do you like this “Orthodox”?

So, in the book of 1960, in the Russian translation, the word Allah is still preserved (but there are no longer any references to the fact that THESE and other passages (appeals to God) were written in the original in the Turkic language and that the author freely (in different places of the text ) switches from Farsi to Russian and vice versa). Even in this half-true translation, they hid from the reader the fact that in the original the author wrote the most important and intimate part of the text in Farsi, and not in “Russian”.

In all the other “translations” that I have seen, through a simple “forgery” (Allah on the Lord), and deliberate “forgetting” to note in which language this or that part of the text was written in the original, the general perception changes dramatically.

Here another question arises: in normal scientific translations, accuracy is always observed in such things (in terms) (in this case, the Proper names of God, the original language, etc.)
But although the entire book is provided with a bunch of references, a detailed list of all authors, editors, proofreaders, scientific consultants, and their scientific degrees, etc.,
They lie blatantly anyway.

And our “knowledge” about our past is based on the deliberate concealment or silence, or distortion of such historical documents and artifacts that have survived to our time, and has been based since school times.

This is just one example of many.
And this concerns not some “insignificant trifles”, but the foundations of that bullshit pompous mythology that is called “our history.”

P.S. There is also another joke in the 1960 book:
- in the English translation (I don’t know how in Hindi), they “forgot” to translate this particular one, - the last paragraph in general. Apparently deciding that there is no need for all the British and Americans to know and read SUCH.
Otherwise they will “slander the sacred.”

Old Russian text Trinity list of the 16th century.

Z and the prayer of the saints, our fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afonasy Mikitin, son. He wrote about his sinful journey across three seas: the first sea of ​​​​Derbenskoye, Doriya Khvalitska; the second Indian Sea, Doria Hondustanska; Third Black Sea, Doria Stembolska. I departed from the holy Golden-Domed Savior with his mercy, from Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Bishop Gennady of Tver, went to the bottom of the Volga and came to the monastery of the holy life-giving Trinity and the holy martyr Boris and Gleb; and the brothers blessed the abbot at Macarius; and from Kolyazin he went to Uglech, from Uglech to Kostroma to Prince Alexander, with his new letter. And the Great Prince released me from all Rus' voluntarily. And on Yeleso, in Nizhny Novgorod, to Mikhail, to Kiselyov, to the governor, and to the fee-paying agent Ivan Saraev, they were allowed in voluntarily. And Vasily Papin rode into the city, and Yaz waited in the Khiov city for two weeks for the ambassador of the Tatar Shirvashin Asambeg, and he was traveling from the Krechata from the Grand Duke Ivan, and he had ninety Krechatov. And you went with him to the bottom of the Volga. And Kazan, and the Horde, and Uslan, and Sarai, and the Verekezans passed through voluntarily. And we drove into the Vuzan River.

And then three filthy Tatars came to us and told us false news: Kaisym Soltan is guarding the guests in Buzan, and with him are three thousand Totars. And the ambassador Shirvashin Asanbeg gave them one row and a piece of canvas to lead them past Aztarkhan. And they took each other and gave the news to the king in Khazatorokhan. And I left my ship and climbed onto the ship for a word and with my comrades. Aztarkhan sailed for a month at night, the king saw us and the Tatars called to us: “Kachma, don’t run!” And the king sent his entire horde after us. And because of our sins, they overtook us on Bugun, they shot a man with us, and we shot two with them; and our smaller ship got underway, and they took it about that hour and plundered it, and all my junk was in the smaller ship. And the larger ship reached the sea, but it became aground at the mouth of the Volga, and they took us there, and pulled the ship back until it moved. And then our larger ship was taken, and the Russians took 4 heads, and we were released with our naked heads over the sea, and the news of the division did not let us in. And two ships went to Derbenti: in one ship there was Ambassador Asambeg, and the Teziks, and the Rusaks with 10 heads of us; and in the other ship there are 6 Muscovite and 6 Tverich.

And the fur ship arose on the sea, and the smaller ship crashed on the shore, and the kaitaks came and caught all the people. And we came to Derbent. And then Vasily came to say hello, and we were robbed. And he beat with his forehead Vasily Papin and the Shirvanshin ambassador Asanbeg, who had come with him, so that he would grieve about the people that they were caught under Tarkhy Kaitaki. And Osanbeg was sad and went to the mountain to Bultabeg. And Bulatbeg quickly sent word to Shirvanshebeg: that a Russian ship was wrecked near Tarkhi, and the kaytaks came and caught people, and plundered their goods. And the Shirvanshabeg of that hour sent an envoy to his brother-in-law Alilbeg, the Kaitak prince, that my ship was broken near Tarkhy, and your people came, captured the people, and plundered their goods; and you would have sent people to me and collected their goods, since those people were sent in my name; and what would you need from me, and you came to me, and I don’t stand for you, my brother, and you would have let them go voluntarily if I were to share them with you. And Alilbeg of that hour sent all the people to Derbent voluntarily, and from Derbent they were sent to the Shirvanshi in his quarters. And we went to Shirvansha in Koitul and beat him with his forehead so that he would favor us rather than get to Rus'. And he didn’t give us anything, but there are a lot of us. And we cried and dispersed in all directions: whoever had anything in Rus' went to Rus'; and some should, and he went wherever his eyes took him, while others remained in Shamakhi, and others went to work for Baka.

And Yaz went to Derbenti, and from Derbenti to Baka, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baki you went across the sea to Chebokar, and here you lived in Chebokar for 6 months, and in Sara you lived for a month in the Mazdran land. And from there to Amili, and here you lived for a month. And from there to Dimovant, and from Dimovant to Rey. And they killed the Shausen Aleyevs’ children and the Makhmetevs’ grandchildren, and he cursed them, and 70 other cities collapsed. And from Drey to Kasheni, and here it was a month. And from Kasheni to Nain, and from Nain to Ezdiya, and here you lived for a month. And from Dies to Syrchan, and from Syrchan to Tarom, and funiki to feed the animals, batman for 4 altyns. And from Torom to Lar, and from Lar to Bender. And here there is the Gurmyz refuge, and here there is the Indian Sea, and in the Parsean language and the Hondustan Doriya; and from there go by sea to Gurmyz 4 miles. And Gurmyz is on the island, and every day the sea catches him twice a day. And then I took 1 Great Day, and I came to Gurmyz four weeks before the Great Day. Because I didn’t write all the cities, there are many great cities. And in Gurmyz there is a boiled sun that can burn a person. And I was in Gurmyz for a month, and from Gurmyz I went across the Indian Sea, along the Velitsa days in St. Thomas' week, to Tava, with horses.

And they walked by the sea Degu for 4 days; from Dega Kuzryatu; and from Kuzryat Konbat, and here it’s easy to give birth to paint. And from Kanbat to Chivil, and from Chivil we went this week according to Velitsa days, and we walked in Tava for 6 weeks by sea to Chivil. And here there is Indian country, and people walk around naked, and their heads are not covered, and their breasts are bare, and their hair is braided in one braid, and everyone walks with bellies, having children every year, and they have many children, and all husbands and wives black; No matter where I go, there are a lot of people behind me, they are amazed at the white man. And their prince is a photo on his head, and a friend on his hips; and the boyars walk with a photo on their shoulder, and others on their hips, and the princesses walk with a photo on their shoulder, and another on their hips; and the prince's and boyar's servants have a hood on their hips, a shield and a sword in their hands, and some with bows and arrows; and everyone is naked, barefoot, and tall; and the women walk with their heads uncovered and their breasts bare; and boys and girls walk around naked until they are 7 years old, and not covered in rubbish. And from Chuvil we went dry to Pali, 8 days to the Indian Mountains. And from Pali to Die there are 10 days, that is, an Indian city. And from Umri to Chuneyr is 6 days, and here there is Asatkhan Chunersky Indian, and the slave Meliktucharov, and keep, say, seven times from Meliktuchar.

And Meliktuchar sits at 20 tmah; and he has been fighting with the Kaffarah for 20 years, and then he beats him, then he beats them many times. The Khan rides on people, and he has a lot of good elephants and horses, and he has a lot of Khorozans as people; and bring them from the Khorosan land, and some from the Oraban land, and some from the Tukarmes land, and others from the Chegotan land, and bring everything by sea in tavs, Indian lands ships. And the sinner brought the stallion to the Yndey land, he reached Chuner, God gave him everything in good health, and he became a hundred rubles. It became winter for them from Trinity Day. And we spent the winter in Chyuneira, we lived for two months; every day and night for 4 months, and there was water and dirt everywhere. On those same days they howl and sow wheat, and tuturgan, and nogot, and everything edible. They make wine in the great nuts of the goats of Gundustan; and they fix the mash in the tatna, feed the horses with nochot, and boil the kichiris with sugar, and feed the horses with butter, and give the seeds early. In the Indian land they will not give birth to horses, their lands will give birth to oxen and water buffalos, and they can ride on them and carry other goods, they do everything. Chyuner is a city on a stone island, not made by anything, created by God; but to walk up the mountain every day, one person at a time, the road is narrow, it is impossible to get water.

In the Indian land, the guests put them in the courtyard, and cook food for the guests of the ruler, and make the bed, and sleep with the guests, sikish ileresn du resident bersen, dostur avrat chektur and sikish mufut love white people. In winter, people walk around with a photo on their hips, another on their shoulder, and a third on their head; and the princes and boyars then put on trousers, a shirt, a kavtan, and a photo on the shoulder, and another girdle, and a third photo to wrap around the head; and se olo, olo, abr olo ak, olo kerim, olo ragym. And in that Chyuner, the Khan took a stallion from me, and found out that Yaz was not a Besermenin, a Rusin, and he said: “And I will give a stallion and a thousand gold ladies, and stand in our faith on Makhmet Day; If you don’t join our faith in Mahmet day, I will take the stallion and a thousand pieces of gold on your head.” And the deadline was set for 4 days, in the shitty time of day of Savior. And the Lord God had mercy on his honorable holiday, do not leave his mercy to me, a sinner, and did not order me to perish in Chuner with the wicked; on the eve of Spasov days, the owner Makhmet Khorosan arrived and beat him with his forehead so that he would grieve for me; and he went to the khan in the city, and asked me to leave, so that they would not convert me, and he took my stallion from him.

Such is the Lord’s miracle on Savior Day! Otherwise, brothers of Russian Christians, who wants to go to the Yndey land, and you leave your faith in Rus', let me cry out to Makhmet, and go to the Gustan land. The Beserman's dogs lied to me, and they told me that there was a lot of our goods, but there was nothing for our land; all the goods were white on the land of the land, pepper and paint, then cheap; Others are transported by sea, and other duties are not given. But other people won’t let us carry out the duties, and there are many duties, and there are many robbers at sea. And it is neither the peasants nor the madmen who break all the kofars; but they pray like a stone blockhead, but they don’t know Christ. And from Chyunery I went out to the Assumption of the Most Pure Ones to Beder, to their larger city. And we walked for a month; and from Beder to Kulonkerya 5 days; and from Kulonger to Kelberg is 5 days. Between those great cities there are many cities; on every day there are three degrees, and on another day there are 4 degrees; koko kov'v, koko gradov. And from Chuvil to Chuneyr there are 20 kovs, and from Chuner to Beder there are 40 kovs, and from Beder to Kolungor there are 9 kovs, and from Beder to Kolungor there are 9 kovs. In Bederi there is trade for horses, and for goods, and damask, for silk and for all other goods, so that black people can buy it; but there is no other purchase in it. Yes, all their goods are from the Gundostan region, and they are all vegetables, but there are no goods for the Russian land.

And all are black, and all are villains, and the wives are all whores, but, yes, yes, thiefs, yes, lies, and potions, to kill the ruler. In the Indian land, all Khorosans reign, and the boyars are all Khorosans; and the Gundustanians are all pedestrians, and greyhounds walk, and all are naked and barefoot, and have a shield in one hand, and a sword in the other, and other servants with great straight bows and arrows. And all of them fight with elephants, and let the infantry go ahead, the Khorosans on horseback and in armor, and the horses themselves; and great swords are knitted to the snout and to the teeth of the elephant, forged in kendar, and they are encased in damask armor, and towns are made on them, and in a town there are 12 people in armor, and all with guns and arrows. They have one place, shikhb Aludin pir atyr bozar alyadinand, for a year there is only one bozar, the whole country of Indian traders gathers, and they trade for 10 days; from Beder 12 kovov, bring horses up to 20 thousand to sell, bring all kinds of goods; in the land of Hondustan there is the best trade, any goods can be sold, bought, in memory of Shikh Aladin, for the Russian holiday of the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God. There is also a gukuk bird in that Alanda, it flies at night and calls “gukuk”.

And on which mansion one sits, then a person dies; and whoever wants to kill her, otherwise fire will come out of her mouth. And mamon walk at night and have chickens, but live in a mountain or in a stone. And the monkeys live in the forest, but they have a prince of the monkeys, and they march with their army, and who can get them, and they complain to their prince, and he sends his army against him, and they, coming to the city, destroy the courtyards and beat people. And their armies, I say, are many, and their languages ​​are their own, and they bear many children; but who will be born neither to his father nor to his mother, they will move them along the roads; Some Hondustans have them and teach them all kinds of handicrafts, and others sell them at night so that they don’t know how to run back, and others teach them how to do mikanet. Spring began for them with the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God; and we celebrate Shikha Aladin and spring for two weeks after the Intercession, and celebrate 8 days; and keep spring for 3 months, and summer for 3 months, and winter for 3 months, and autumn for 3 months. In Bederi, their table is for Gundustan of Besermen. And the city is great, and there are a lot of people; and Saltan is great for 20 years, and the boyars hold, and the Farasans rule, and all the Khorosans fight. There is a Khorosan boyar, Meliktuchar, who has an army of two hundred thousand, and Melik Khan has 100 thousand, and Kharat Khan has 20 thousand; and many of those khans had 10 thousand armies.

And 300 thousand of their army come out with the saltan. And the land is crowded with velmi, and the rural people are naked with velmi, and the boyars are strong in kindness and magnificent with velmi; and carry them all on their beds on silver, and before them they lead horses in gold harnesses up to 20; and on horseback behind them there are 300 people, and on foot 500 people, and 10 trumpeters, and 10 pipe-makers, and 10 pipe-makers. The Sultan rides out for fun with his mother and his wife, and with him there are 10 thousand people on horses, and 50 thousand on foot, and the elephants are led by 200 dressed in gilded armor, and before him are 100 trumpeters, and 100 dancers, and simple horses 300 in golden gear, and behind him there are 100 monkeys, and 100 whores, and all are gauryks. There are 7 gates in the Sultan's courtyard, and at each gate sit 100 guards and 100 scribes; whoever goes, write it down, and whoever goes out, write it down; but the Garips are not allowed into the city. And his courtyard is wonderful, everything is carved and painted in gold, and the last stone is carved and described in gold. Yes, there are different courts in his yard. The city of Beder is guarded at night by a thousand Kutovalov men, and they ride on horses and in armor, and everyone has a light. And he sold his stallion’s ulcer in Bederi, and you gave him 60 and 8 feet, and you fed him for a year.

In Bederi, snakes walk along the streets, and its length is two fathoms. I came to Beder about the conspiracy about Filipov and Kulongerya and sold my stallion about the Nativity, and here I was until the great conspiracy in Bederi and got acquainted with many Indians and told them my faith that I am not a besermen and a Christian, but my name is Ophonase , and Besermensky name of the owner Isuf Khorosani. And they did not learn to hide anything from me, neither about food, nor about trade, nor about manaza, nor about other things, nor did they learn to hide their wives. Yes, everything is about faith about their trials, and they say: we believe in Adam, and the Buts, it seems, are Adam and his entire race. And there are 80 and 4 faiths in India, and everyone believes in Buta; and faith with faith neither drinks nor eats, nor marries, but others eat boran, and chickens, and fish, and eat eggs, but not eat oxen, no faith. They stayed in Bederi for 4 months and decided to go to Pervoti with the Indians, then their Jerusalem, and according to the Besermensky Myagkat, their butkhan. There he went out with the Indians and there will be a month of khana, and there will be 5 days of trading at the butkhana. And the butkhana velmi is large from half of Tver, stone, and Butov’s deeds were carved on it, around it all 12 crowns were carved, how Butov worked miracles, how he showed them many images: the first appeared in a human image; the other is a man, and the nose is that of elephants; the third is a man, and the vision is a monkey; fourthly, a man, and the image of a fierce beast, appeared to them all with a tail, and was carved on stone, and the tail through it was a fathom.

The whole Indian country is flocking to the loaf for the miracle of Butovo; Yes, old wives and girls shave at the butkhan, and shave all their hair, beards, and heads, and go to the butkhan; Yes, from each head there will be two shekshens of duty on But, and from horses, four feet; and it comes together to the loaf of all people to become azar lek waht bashet sat azar lek. In the loaf But But is carved from stone, he is great, and he has a tail through it, and he raised his right hand high and stretched out, like Ustyan the king of Tsaryagrad, and in his left hand he has a spear, and there is nothing on him, but he has a goat wide, and the vision is like a monkey, and some Buta are naked, there is nothing, a cat is achyuk, and Butava’s zhonki are naked, carved with litter, and with children, and Buta’s peret is worth a great ox, and is carved from stone and black, and is all gilded, and they kiss him on the hoof, and they sprinkle flowers on him, and they sprinkle flowers on Booth.

The Indians do not eat any meat, neither cowhide, nor boran meat, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, but they have a lot of pigs; but they eat twice during the day, and do not eat at night, and do not drink wine, nor are they full; and from besermen do not drink or eat. But their food is bad, and one with the day neither eats nor eats, nor with his wife; but they eat brynets, and kichiri with butter, and eat rose herbs, all with the right hand, but with the left they do not eat anything; but don’t hold a knife, and don’t know how to lie; and when it’s too late, who cooks their own porridge, and everyone has a mountain. And they will hide from the Besermen, so that they will not look into the mountain or the food; But the besermen looked at the food, and he did not eat, but other people covered themselves with a cloth so that no one would see him. And they pray to the east in Russian style, raise both hands high, and place them on the crown, and lie down on the ground, and let them all fall to the ground, then their bows. And they sit down to eat, wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. But their butukhans have no doors, but are placed to the east, and their butukhans stand to the east. And whoever they have to die, they burn them and sprinkle their ashes on the water. And the wife will give birth to a child, or the husband will give birth, and the name of the son will be given by the father and the daughter by the mother; but they don’t have a good tomorrow, and they don’t know the rubbish. Or he came, and others bowed in Chernech style, touching both hands to the ground, and not saying anything.

To the First, to sneer about the Great Conspiracy, to your butt, that is their Jerusalem, and in the Besermen’s word Myakka, and in Russian Jerusalem, and in Indian Parvat. And all the naked people are eaten, only on the threshing floor; and the wives are all naked, only they have phots on their heads, and some wear phots, and there are pearls on their necks, a lot of yakhonts, and on their hands there are hoops and rings of gold, ollo oak, and inside to the butkhan there is a yoke on the will, and the ox has horns bound with copper, and on There are 300 neck bells, and shod hooves; and those oxen call achche. The Indians call the ox father, and the cow mother, and with their dung they bake bread and cook food for themselves, and with this they smear their banner on the face, and on the forehead, and all over the body. Eat once a week and on Monday, once a day. In Yndey, it’s like pack-tour, and uchyuze-der: sikish ilarsen iki shitel; akechany ilya atyrsenyatle zhetel take; bulara dostor: a kul karavash uchuz char funa khub bem funa khubesiya; kapkara am chyuk kichi want. From Pervati you came to Beder, 15 days before the Besermensky Ulubagrya. But I don’t know the Great Day of the Resurrection of Christ, but I guess by signs - the Great Day will happen on the first Christian day of the besermensky bagrim in 9 days or 10 days.

But there is nothing with me, no book, but I took the books with them from Rus'; otherwise, if they robbed me, or took them, and I forgot all the Christian faiths and Christian holidays, I don’t know either Great Days or the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know Wednesdays or Fridays; and in between I am the ver tangridan and the stirrup olsaklasyn; ollo khoda, ollo ak, ollo you, ollo akber, ollo ragym, ollo kerim, ollo ragymello, ollo kari mello, tan tangrysen, khodosensen. God alone is the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth. And I’m going to Rus', my name is uruch, here you are. The month of March has passed, and I did not eat meat, I fasted from the devil a week, and I fasted nothing meager, I did not eat any dishonest food, and I still fed bread and water twice a day, I returned to madam; Yes, you prayed to the Almighty God, who created heaven and earth, and you did not call on anyone else’s name, God Ollo, God Kerim, God Ragym, God Evil, God Ak Ber, God the King of Glory, Ollo Varenno, Ollo Ragymello Sensen Ollo you.

And from Gurmyz to go by sea to Golat 10 days, and from Kalata to Degu 6 days, and from Deg to Moshkat to Kuchzryat to Kombat 4 days, from Kambat to Chivel 12 days, and from Chivil to Dabyl - 6. Dabyl is a refuge in Gundustani is the last thing to be lackadaisical. And from Dabyl to Kolekot it’s 25 days, and from Selekot to Silyan it’s 15 days, and from Silyan to Shibait it’s a month, and from Sibat to Pevgu it’s 20 days, and from Pevgu to Chini and to Machin it’s a month walk, all that walking by sea. And from Chini to Kytaa it takes 6 months to travel by land, and four days to travel by sea, but the journey is short. Gurmyz is a great haven, people from all over the world visit it, and there are all sorts of goods in it, whatever is born in the whole world, everything is in Gurmyz; Tamga is great, there is a tenth of everything. And Kamblyat is a haven for the entire Indian Sea, and all the goods in it are made by alachis, pestreds, and kandaks, and they repair the paint of the nil, so that lek and ahyk and lon will be born in it. So there was a great refuge for the velmi, and they could bring horses from Misyur, from Rabast, from Khorosan, from Turkustan, from Negostan and walk dry for a month to Bederi and to Kelberg. But Kelekot is the refuge of the entire Indian Sea, and God forbid that any bastard should penetrate it. And whoever sees him will have a hard time crossing the sea.

And pepper and zenzebil, and flowers, and midges, and calafur, and cinnamon, and cloves, and spicy roots, and adryak, and a lot of all kinds of roots will be born in it. Yes, everything in it is cheap, yes, it’s cool and you’ll eat this crap. And Silyan is a haven of the Indian Sea, a lot, and in it Baba Adam is on a mountain at a high place, and near it precious stones will be born, and worms, and fatis, and baboguri, and binchai, and crystal and sumbada, and elephants will be born, and to sell in cubit and nine pieces of wood sold by weight. And the Shabait refuge of the Indian Sea is great. And the Khorosans give the Alaf tenka per day, both great and small; and whoever in it marries a Khorosan and the prince of the Sabbath, give a thousand teneks for the sacrifice, and for Olaf, let him eat for every month for ten days; May silk, sandalwood, and pearls be born in Shabot, and everything is cheap. But in Pegu there is quite a refuge, and all the Indians live in it, and dear stones, manik, yes yakhut, and kyrpuk will be born in it; and sell stone derbyshes. But the Chinsky and Machinsky refuge is great, but they do repairs in it, and sell the repairs by weight, but cheaply.

And their wives and their husbands sleep during the day, and at night their wives go to the Garipa and sleep from the Garipa, give them Olaf, and bring sugar food and sugar wine with them, and feed and water the guests, so that he will love her, and love the guests white people, but their people are black velmi; and whose wives conceive a child from a guest, and give the husband to the alaf; and if he is born white, then the guest will pay a duty of 18 teneks; but he will be born black, otherwise he has nothing to do with what he drank and ate, it was halal for him. It takes 3 months to get from Beder, and 2 months to go by sea from Dabyl to Shaibat, Machim and Chim from Beder takes 4 months to go by sea, and they make it there and everything is cheap; and it takes 2 months to get to Silyan by sea. On Shabait, silk, inchi, pearls, and sandalwood will be born; sell elephants per cubit. In Silyan, ammons, hearts, and fatis will be born. In Lekota pepper will be born, and midges, and carnations, and fufal, and flowers. In Kuzryat, paint and hatch will be born. Yes, an ahik will be born in Kambat. In Rachyur, a Birkon diamond and a Novykon diamond will be born; sell a kidney for five rubles, and a good one for ten rubles, and sell a new kidney to a diamond for coins, and this is for charsheshkeni, and the squeak is ek tenka. The diamond will be born in a mountain of stone, and the same mountain of stone will be sold for two thousand pounds of gold to a new diamond, and a horse to the diamond will be sold a cubit for 10 thousand pounds of gold. And the land is Melikkhanov, and the slave is Saltanov, and from Beder there are 30 kovs.

But the Jews are fed up with calling Shabbat their own, otherwise they lie; and on the Sabbath, neither the Jews, nor the Besermen, nor the Christians, of any other faith are Indians, nor the poor, nor the Besermen, drink or eat, and do not eat any meat. Yes, everything is cheap on Shabbat, but silk and sugar are produced cheaply; Yes, they have mamons and monkeys in the forest, and they tear people apart along the roads; Otherwise they don’t dare to drive on the roads at night, monkeys and monkeys. And from Shaibat it’s 10 months by land, and 4 months by sea. And cut the navels of fed deer, and musk will be born in the navel; and drop wild deer belly buttons across the field and through the forest, otherwise a stench comes out of them, and the food is not fresh. The month of Maa the Great Day took place in Beder Besermensky and in Hondustan; and in Besermen they took Bogram on Wednesday of the month Maa; and I spoke for the month of April 1 day.

O faithful Christians! Those who sail a lot across many lands, fall into many sins and lose their Christian faith. And I, the servant of God Athos, and were moved by faith; Having already passed four great days and 4 Great Days, I am a sinner and I don’t know what a Great Day is, or a day of shit, I don’t know the Nativity of Christ, I don’t know other holidays, I don’t know Wednesday or Friday; but I don’t have any books, since they robbed me, or took my books, but because of many troubles I went to India, and then I went to Rus' with nothing, there was nothing left for the goods. I took the first Great Day in Cain, another Great Day in Chebukara in the Mazdran land, the third Great Day in Gurmyz, the fourth Great Day in India from Besermena in Bederi; and the same many cries for the Christian faith.

Besermenin Melik, he forced me a lot into the faith of Besermen’s article. I said to him: “Mister! You namar kylaresen menda namaz kilarmen, you be namaz kilarsizmenda 3 kalaremen garip asen inchay”; He said to me: “The truth is that you don’t seem to be a Christian, but you don’t know Christianity.” I fell into many thoughts and said to myself: “Woe to the damned me, for I have lost my way from the true path and I don’t know the way, I’ll go myself. Lord God Almighty, creator of heaven and earth! Do not turn your face away from your slave, for sorrow is near. God! Look upon me and have mercy on me, as I am your creation; do not turn me away, Lord, from the true path and guide me, Lord, on your right path, for I have created no virtue for your need, my Lord, for all my days have passed in evil, my Lord, ollo the first diger, ollo you, karim ollo, ragym ollo, karim ollo, ragymello; ahalim dulimo.” 4 Great days passed in the land of Besermen, but I did not abandon Christianity; God knows what will happen. Lord my God, I trusted in you, save me, Lord my God!

In Besermen's India, in the great Bederi, you looked at the Great Night on the Great Day - Hair and Kola were in the dawn, and the Elk stood with its head to the east. The Sultan rode out to Teferich on Bagram on Besermenskaya, and with him were 20 great warriors, and three hundred elephants dressed in damask armor, and from the towns, and the towns were forged, and in the towns there were 6 people in armor, and with cannons and arquebuses; and on the great elephant there are 12 people, on each elephant there are two great wrestlers, and there are great swords tied to the tooth according to the centar, and great iron swords are tied to the snout, and a person sits in armor between the ears, and the hook is in his hands of an iron great, yes to rule it; Yes, there are a thousand simple horses in golden gear, and a hundred camels with soot, and 300 pipe-makers, and 300 dancers, and 300 carpets. Yes, the Sultan has a whole fathom of yachts on him, and on his hat there is a large diamond chichak, and a sagadak of gold from the yacht, and 3 sabers he is shackled with gold, and the saddle is gold, and in front of him the kofar is jumping and playing with the tower, and there are many foot soldiers behind him, and a good elephant is following him, and he is all dressed up in damask, and he is beating people, and he has a great iron in his mouth, Yes, beat up horses and people so that no one steps on the Sultan too close. And the brother of the sultans, he sits on a bed on a golden one, and above him there is an oxamiten tower, and a poppy of gold from a yacht, and 20 people carry it. And Makhtum sits on the bed on a golden one, and above him there is a tower with a golden poppy tree, and they carry him on 4 horses in golden gear; Yes, there are a lot of people around him, and there are singers in front of him, and there are a lot of dancers, and everyone with bare swords, and with sabers, and with shields, and with bows, and with spears, and with bows with straight ones with great ones, and the horses are all in armor , and they have sagadaki on them, and some are all naked, one cloth on a cloth, covered with rubbish.

In Bederi, a month costs 3 days. In Bederi there are no sweet vegetables. In Gundustan there is no strong war; there is a lot of war in Gurmyz and in Katobagryim, where all the pearls are born, and in Zhida, and in Baka, and in Misyur, and in Ostana, and in Lara; but in the Khorosan land it’s Varno, but it’s not like that; and in Chegotani Velmi Varno; and in Shiryaz, and in Ezdi, in Kashini it’s hot and windy, and in Gilan it’s stuffy and velmi, and in Shamakhi it’s steamy; yes in Babylon it is Varno, yes in Khumita and in Sham it is Varno, but in Lyapa it is not so Varno. And in Sevastia Guba and in the Gurzyn land goodness is abundant for everyone; Yes, the land of Torsk is abundant with great things; Yes, in the Volos region everything edible is abundant and cheap; Yes, the land of Podolsk is abundant in everything; and the Urus are tangras saklaeyn; ollo sakla, khodo sakla, budonyada munukybit er ektur; nechik ursu eri begylyari akai tusil; Urus er abadan bolsyn; grow up and fight. Ollo, bad, god, god of dangra. Oh my God! I trust in you, God save me! I don’t know which way I’ll go from Gundustan: go to Gurmyz, but from Gurmyz to Khorosan there’s no way, there’s no way to Chegotai, there’s no way to Katobagryam, there’s no way to Ezd. Then there was bulgak everywhere; the princes disappeared everywhere, Yaisha Murza was killed by Uzuosanbek, and Soltamusait was fed, and Uzuasanbek sat on Shiryazi and the land did not fall, and Ediger Makhmet, and he does not go to him, is observed; there is no other way to get anywhere.

And go to Myakka to drink, otherwise you will believe in a faithless faith, since Christians do not go to Myakka sharing the faith that they put in faith. And to live in Gundustan, other people will eat up all the meat, but everything is expensive for them: I am one man, and it takes half a third of an altyn a day to get grub, but I have not drunk wine, nor sondy. Meliktuchar took two Indian cities that were scattered across the Indian Sea, and he captured the princes 7 and took their treasury, yuk yakhontov, and yuk olmazu and kirpukov, and 100 yuk of expensive goods, and the army took countless other goods; and he stood near the city for two years, and with him an army of two hundred thousand, and 100 elephants, and 300 camels. Meliktuchar came with his army to Beder on the Kurbant, and in Russian on Peter’s Day. And the Sultan sent 10 vazyrs to meet him for ten kovs, and in a kov there are 10 versts, and with each vozyr there were 10 thousand of his army and 10 elephants in armor.

And at Meliktuchar, every day 5 hundred people sit at the sufrei, and with him 3 vzyri sit at his tablecloth, and with the vozyr there are fifty people, and his 100 people are boyars of the sheret. Meliktuchar has 2 thousand and a thousand saddled horses in his stable, standing ready day and night, and 100 elephants in his stable; Yes, every night his courtyard will be guarded by 100 people in armor, and 20 pipe-makers, and 10 nagar, and 10 great tambourines, two people each. We took 3 great cities, and with them 100 thousand and 50 elephants, and many precious stones; and they bought all that stone and yachts and olmaz from Meliktuchar, he commanded the dealer not to sell it to a guest, and then the days came from Ospozhin to the city of Beder.

The Sultan goes out for fun on Thursday and Tuesday, and goes out with him three times; and the brother drives out the sultans on Monday, with his mother and sister; and the zhonk rides out 2 thousand on horses and beds on gold, and in front of her there are a hundred simple horses in golden gear, and there are many velmas on foot with her, and two vozyrs, and 10 gazers, and 50 elephants in cloth blankets, and 4 people sit on an elephant naked, with only a cloak on their back, and the women on foot are naked, and they carry water after them to drink and wash themselves, but one of them does not drink water. Meliktuchar left to fight the Indians with his army from the city of Beder in memory of Shikh Iladin, and in Russian for the Intercession of the Holy Virgin, and 50 thousand army came out with him; and the Sultan sent his army 50 thousand and 3 arques went with him, and with them 30 thousand, and 100 elephants went with them from the towns and in armor, and on each elephant there were 4 people with arquebuses.

Meliktuchar went to fight Chunedar, the great reign of India. And the Binedarsky prince has 300 elephants and a hundred thousand of his army, and he has 50 thousand horses. The Sultan left the city of Bederya in the 8th month according to Velitsa days, and with him 20 and 6 Vezyrev left, 20 Besermensky Vezyrev, and 6 Indian Vezyrev. And with the Sultan of his court, 100 thousand of his army of horsemen left, and 200 thousand foot soldiers and 300 elephants from the town and in armor, and 100 fierce beasts. And with his brother and Sultanov, 100 thousand horsemen, 100 thousand people on foot, and 100 elephants dressed in armor came out of his courtyard.

And Malkhan’s court was followed by 20 thousand horsemen, sixty thousand foot soldiers, and 20 dressed elephants. And with Bederkhan came 30 thousand mounted people, with his brother, and 100 thousand on foot, and 25 elephants dressed up from the mountain. And with the Sultan, 10 thousand horsemen came out to his court, and twenty thousand foot soldiers, and 10 elephants from the town. And 15 thousand horsemen came out from Vozyrkhan, 30 thousand on foot, and 15 dressed elephants. And with Kutarkhan came 15 thousand horsemen, 40 thousand on foot, and 10 elephants. And with each warrior there are 10 thousand, and with each other there are 15 thousand horsemen, and there are 20 thousand foot soldiers. And with the Indian avdonom came his army of 40 thousand horsemen, and 100 thousand people on foot, and 40 elephants dressed in armor, and 4 people per elephant with arquebuses. And with the Sultan came out 26 men on horseback, and with each man 10 thousand, and with another man 15 thousand on horseback, and 30 thousand on foot. And the Indian 4 great warriors, and with them their army of 40 thousand horsemen, and 100 thousand foot soldiers. And the Sultan turned against the Indians because little happened to him, and he also added 20 thousand foot people, two hundred thousand horsemen, and 20 elephants. Such is the power of the Sultan of the Indian Besermensky Mamet deni Iaria, and Rast deni informs badly. But God knows the right faith, and the right faith of God is the only one to know, his name is to be called upon in every place, pure and pure.

On the fifth Great Day, he set his sights on Rus'. He died from the city of Beder a month before the Ulubagram of the Besermen Mamet spent the day, and the Great Day of the Christian I did not know the resurrection of Christ, but they were shitty with the Besermen, and having broken the fast with them, on the Great Day I took 20 kovs to Kelberkha from Beder. The Sultan came to Meliktuchar with his army on the 15th day according to Ulubagry, and all to Kelberg; and the war was not successful for them, they took one Indian city, but many people perished, and many treasuries were lost. But the Indian Sultan Kadam Velmi is strong, and he has a lot of army, but he sits in the mountain in Bichenegir. And its city is great, there are three ditches around it, and a river flows through it; and on one side there is an evil zhengel, and on the other side came a valley, a wonderful place for velmi and good for everything, but on one side there is nowhere to come, there is a road through the city, and there is nowhere to take the city, a great mountain has come and the wilds of evil tick. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died from lack of water, and many great heads died from hunger and lack of water; and look at the water, but there’s nowhere to take it. The city took the Indian Melikchan by walking, but took it by force, day and night it fought with the city for 20 days, the army neither drank nor yoke, stood under the city with cannons; and his army killed 5 thousand good people, and took the city, others flogged 20 thousand male and female heads, and took 20 thousand heads of both great and small, and sold a full head for 10 tenecks, and another for 5 tenecks, and the young for 2 shadows, but there was nothing in the treasury, and he didn’t take a large city. And from Kelbergu he walked to Kuruli; and in Kuruli an ahik will be born; and they make it and distribute it all over the world; and in Kuryli there are three hundred diamond miners, hopefully it will pass away.

And there was 5 months, and from there Kaliki departed, and the same bozar great; and from there Konaberg disappeared; and from Kanaberg they died to Aladin; and from them Aladin died to Amindriya; and from Kamendrey to Naryas; and from Kynaryasu to Suri; and from Suri he went to Dabili, the refuge of the great Indian Sea. The city of Velmi was great, and besides, Dabili is shrinking all the coasts of Indian and Ethiopian. And that akan and yaz, slave Athanasius, God on high, creator of heaven and earth, conceived of the Christian faith, and the baptism of Christ, and according to the godly saints of the Father, and according to the commandments of the apostles, and set their minds to drink in Rus'; I went into the tawa and agreed to ship it with a ship, and from my head I would give 2 gold to the city of Gurmyz. And he got into the ship from Dabyl city to Velik days in 3 months, the devilish shit; I died in Tava by sea for a month and saw nothing; the next month I saw the mountains of Ethiopia. And those people all cried out “ollo bervogydir, ollo konkar, bizim bashi mudna nasip bolmyshti” and in Russian they said: “God to the sovereign, God, the highest God, the king of heaven! Is this where you destined us to perish?”

And in the same land of Ethiopia there were 5 days, by God’s grace no evil was committed, distributing a lot of cheese, pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians, and they did not rob the ships. And from there I walked 12 days to Moshkat, and in Moshkat I took the sixth Great Day, and walked to Gurmyz for 9 days, and in Gurmyz I spent 20 days. And then Gurmyza went to Lari, and there were 3 days. I traveled from Lari to Shiryazi for 12 days, and in Shiryazi for 7 days. And from Shiryaz it took 15 days to get to Verkh, and to Vergu it took 10 days. And from Vergu I went to Ezdi for 9 days, and to Ezdi for 8 days. And from Ezdi I went to Spagan for 5 days, and to Spagan for 6 days. And from Spagani Kashani died, and in Kashani there were 5 days. And Is Koshani went to Kum. And Is Kuma went to Sava. And from Sava he went to Sultania. And from Sultaniya I went to Terviz. And Is Terviza went to the horde of Asanbe, he was in the horde for 10 days, but there was no way anywhere. And he sent his army of 40 thousand to Turskav, some took Sevast, and they took Tokhan and burned it, they took Amasia and plundered many villages, and they went to Karaman in war. And Yaz from the horde went to Artsitsin; and from Ratsan you went to Trepizon.

And the Holy Mother of God and the ever-virgin Mary came to Trepizon for the Protection of the Intercession, and stayed in Tripizon for 5 days, and came to the ship and agreed to pay a golden sum from my head to Kafa, and I took the gold for grub, and the money to Kafa. And in Trepisoni, my fur coat and Pasha did a lot of evil, I brought all my rubbish to the city on the mountain, and searched everything, and to search the letter that I came from the horde of Asanbeg. By the grace of God I came to the third sea, to Chermnago, and in the Parsi language Doria Stimbolskaya. I walked along the sea in the wind for five days, and reached Vonada; and then the great wind met us at midnight, and returned us to Tripizon; and we stood in Platan for 15 days, there was a great wind and evil. The plane trees went to the sea twice, and the wind met us with evil, and did not allow us to walk on the sea; Ollo ak ollo bad first deger, because we don’t know that other god. And the sea passed and carried us to Syk Balykae, and from there to Takrzof, and there they stood for 5 days. By the grace of God I came to the Cafe 9 days before Filipov’s conversation, Ollo Pervodigyr.

By the grace of God he passed through three seas; digyr khudo dono, ollo pervodigir dono, amen; smilna rahmam ragym, ollo akber, akshi khodo ilello akshi hodo, isa ruhollo aaliksolom; ollo akber ailyagyala illello, ollo pervodiger ahamdu lillo shukur khodo afatad; bismilna girakhmam rragym: khuvomugulezi laіlyaga illyaguya alimul gyaibi vashgaditi; huarakhmanu ragymu huvomogulyazi la ilyaga illyakhuya almelik alakudosu asalom almumin almugamin alazizu alchebaru almutakan biru alkhaliku albariyu almusaviru alkafar alkahar alvahad alryazak alfatag alalim alkabizu albasut alhafiz alrafiyu alm Awifu almuzil alsemiyu alvasir alakam aladul allatuf.

N. S. Chaev. Translation of Old Russian text

Z and the prayer of our holy fathers, Lord Jesus Christ, son of God, have mercy on me, your sinful servant Afanasy Nikitin’s son.

I wrote about my sinful journey across three seas: the first Derbent Sea - the Khvalynsk Sea, the second Indian Sea - the Hindustan Sea, the third Black Sea - the Istanbul Sea. I went from the Holy Golden-Domed Savior, with his mercy, from Grand Duke Mikhail Borisovich and from Bishop Gennady of Tverskoy and from Boris Zakharyich down the Volga.

Arriving in Kalyazin and being blessed by the abbot of the monastery of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity and the holy martyrs Boris and Gleb Macarius and his brothers, he went to Uglich, and from Uglich to Kostroma, to Prince Alexander with another letter from the Grand Duke (Tver), and released me freely. They also freely let me through to Pleso in Nizhny Novgorod, to the governor Mikhail Kiselev and to the duty officer Ivan Saraev.

Vasily Papin had already passed by then, and I waited in Novgorod for two weeks for the Tatar, Shirvanshah’s ambassador, Hassan-bek. He was traveling from Grand Duke Ivan with gyrfalcons, and he had ninety of them. And I went with him to the bottom of the Volga. We drove freely through Kazan, Ordu, Uslan, Saray, and Berekezan.

And we drove into the Vuzan River. Here we met 3 filthy Tatars and told us false news that Khan Kasim and with him 3 thousand Tatars were guarding the merchants in Vuzan. Shirvanshah's ambassador Hassan-bek then gave them a single row and a piece of linen so that they would lead us past Astrakhan. The Tatars took it one by one, and gave the news to the Astrakhan king. I left my ship and went with my comrades onto the ship to the ambassador. We drove past Astrakhan, and the moon was shining. The king saw us, and the Tatars shouted to us: “Don’t run!” But we didn’t hear anything about that. And we sailed. And the king then sent his entire horde after us, and for our sins they overtook us on Vugun, shot a man from us, and we shot two from them. Our small ship stopped on the boat, they took it and immediately plundered it; and all my luggage was on a small ship.

With a large ship we reached the sea and stood at the mouth of the Volga, running aground. The Tatars then took us and pulled the ship back to the crossing. Here they took away our large ship, taking also four Russians, and sent us robbed overseas. They did not let us go up so that we would not give the message. And we went to Derbent in two ships: in one ship there was Ambassador Hassan-bek with the Iranians and there were only 10 of us Russians, and in the other ship there were 6 Muscovites, and 6 Tver residents, and cows, and our food. We were caught in a storm at sea. A small ship crashed on the shore, and here there is a town called Tarki, and people went ashore, and the kayak came and caught all the people from it.

When we arrived in Derbent, it turned out that Vasily arrived safely, and we were robbed. And I beat with my forehead Vasily Papin and the Shirvanshah’s ambassador Hasanbek, with whom they came, so that they would ask for the people caught by the kaytaks near Tarki. And Hasan-bek was busy; he went to the mountain to Bulat-bek, who sent a speedboat to Shirvansha-bek with the news that a Russian ship had crashed near Tarki and that the kaytaks had caught the people from it and plundered their goods. And Shirvansha-bek immediately sent an envoy to his brother-in-law Khalil-bek, the prince of Kaitak: that my ship was broken near Tarki, and your people, having come, caught people, and robbed their goods, and you, for my sake, would bring people to me sent and collected their goods, because those people were sent to me; But what do you need from me, and you came to me, and I won’t stand up for you, my brother, if only you would let them go freely for my sake. And Khalil-bek immediately sent all the people freely to Derbent, and from there they were sent to Shirvan Shah in the horde of his koytul.

We also went to Shirvan Shah in Koytul and beat him with our foreheads so that he would favor us rather than get to Rus'. And he didn’t give us anything, since there were many of us. And we, crying, went our separate ways: who had something in Rus', and he went to Rus'; and whoever was supposed to be there went wherever his eyes looked; others remained in Shemakha, while others went to work in Baku.

And I went to Derbent; and from Derbent to Baku, where the fire burns unquenchable; and from Baku he went overseas to Chapakur, and lived here, in Chapakur, for 6 months, and in Sari, in Mazandaran land, he lived for a month. And from there he went to Amul and lived here for a month; and from there - to Damavand, and from Damavand - to Ray, here they killed Shah Hussein, the Aleev children and the grandchildren of the Muhammadovs, and he cursed them so that 70 cities fell apart. And from Rey he went to Kashan and there was a month; and from Kashan to Nayin, and from Nayin to Yazd, and here he lived for a month. And from Yazd to Sirjan, and from Sirjan to Tarum, where dates are fed to livestock, batman for 4 altyns. And from Tarum he went to Lar, and from Lar to Vendor.

And here there is the Hormuz refuge; there is also the Indian Sea, or the Hindustan Sea in Persian. And from there go by sea to Hormuz for 4 miles. And Hormuz is on an island, and the sea floods it twice every day. Here I met the first Great Day, and I came to Hormuz 4 weeks before the Great Day. I didn’t name all the cities above – there are many great cities. The sun in Hormuz is scorching and can burn a person. And he was in Hormuz for a month and went from there after the Great Day, during the week of St. Thomas, across the Indian Sea in a tava with horses.

And we walked by sea to Muscat for 10 days; and from Muscat to Degas 4 days; and from Degas to Gujerat; and from Gujerat to Kambai, there will be born indigo and a lakh; and from Kambay to Chaul. From Chaul we went in the seventh week after the Great Day, and it took 6 weeks by sea to reach Chaul in Tawa.

And there is an Indian country here, and people walk around all naked: their heads are not covered, their breasts are bare, their hair is braided in one braid. Everyone is pregnant, they give birth to children every year, and they have many children. The husbands and wives are all black. Wherever I go, there are a lot of people following me - they are amazed at the white man.

And their prince has a veil on his head, and another on his hips; Their boyars wear a veil on their shoulder and another on their hips; The princesses walk with a veil wrapped around their shoulders and another around their hips. The princely and boyar servants have a veil around their hips, a shield and a sword in their hands, and others with spears, or knives, or sabers, or bows and arrows. And everyone is naked, barefoot and strong. And the women walk with bare heads and bare breasts; boys and girls go naked until they are 7 years old, and their shame is not covered.

From Chaul we went by land to Pali for 8 days, then Indian cities; and from Pali to Umru 10 days - this is an Indian city; and from Umri to Junir is 6 days. And the Junir, Indian Asad Khan, Meliktuchar’s servant, lives here; they say that he keeps 7 themes from Meliktuchar. And Meliktuchar has 20 themes; For 20 years he has been fighting with infidels - sometimes they beat him, sometimes he beats them often. Khan rides on people; He has a lot of elephants and good horses. He also has a lot of people - Khorasans, and they are brought from the land of Khorasan, or from Arabia, or from Turkmen and Chagatai; They are all brought by sea, in tawas - Indian ships.

And I, a sinner, brought a stallion to Indian land; I reached Junir, thank God, healthy - it cost me a hundred rubles. Their winter began on Trinity Day, and we spent the winter in Junir, living for 2 months; for 4 months, day and night, there was water and mud everywhere. Then they plow and sow wheat, rice, peas and everything edible. They prepare wine in large coconut palm nuts, and mash in tatna. The horses are fed peas and rice is cooked for them with sugar and butter; early in the morning they give them more rice cakes. Horses will not be born in Indian land; oxen and buffaloes will be born here. They ride on them and sometimes transport goods - they do everything.

The city of Junir is located on a stone island, which was not built by anyone, but was created by God; one person climbs the mountain all day, the road is narrow, two cannot pass. In Indian land, guests stay at farmsteads, and food is cooked for them by the ladies of the land; They also make the bed for the guests and sleep with them. If you want to have a close connection with one or another of them, you will give two shetels; if you do not want to have a close connection, you will give one shetel; after all, this is a wife, a friend, and a close relationship is for nothing - they love white people. In winter, people wear them with a veil on their hips, another on their shoulders, and a third on their head. And the princes and boyars then put on trousers, a shirt and a caftan, and they have a veil over their shoulders, they gird themselves with another, and wrap a third around their head. God, great God, true God, good God, merciful God.

And in that Junir, Khan took a stallion from me. When he found out that I was not a Busurman, but a Russian, he said: “I’ll give you a stallion and a thousand gold ladies, just accept our faith, Muhammad’s; if you do not accept our Mohammedan faith, then I will take the stallion and a thousand gold pieces on your head.” And he gave me a term of 4 days, on Savior Day, during the fast of the Most Holy Theotokos. And the Lord God had mercy on his honest holiday, did not deprive me, a sinner, of his mercy and did not command me to perish in Junir with the wicked. On the eve of Spasov's Day, the Khorasanian Khoja Mohammed arrived, and I hit him with my forehead to ask for me. And he went to the khan in the city and persuaded him not to convert me; He also took my stallion from him. This is the Lord's miracle on Savior Day. So, Russian Christian brothers, which of you wants to go to the Indian land, then leave your faith in Rus' and, calling Muhammad, go to the Hindustan land.

The Busurman dogs deceived me: they talked about a lot of goods, but it turned out that there was nothing for our land. All goods are white only for the Busurman land. Cheap pepper and paint. Some transport goods by sea, while others do not pay duties for them. But they won’t let us transport it without duty. But the duty is high, and there are many robbers at sea. And all the kafirs, not Christians and not Muslims, break; They pray to stone blockheads, but they do not know Christ.

And on the day of the Dormition of the Most Pure One they left Junir to Bidar, their large city, and walked for a month; and from Bidar to Kulungir is 5 days, and from Kulungir to Kulbarga is also 5 days. Between these large cities there are many other cities; every day there were 3 cities, and on another day 4; There are as many cities as there are cows. From Chaul to Junir there are 20 kovs, and from Junir to Bidar there are 40 kovs, and from Bidar to Kulungir there are 9 kovs, and from Bidar to Kulbarg there are also 9 kovs.

In Bidar there is a trade for horses and for goods: for damask, for silk and for any other goods; You can also buy black people on it. There is no other purchase here. And all their goods are from Hindustan. Edibles are all vegetables. There are no goods for Russian land. The people are all black and all villains, and the women are all shameless; everywhere there is witchcraft, theft, lies and the potion that is used to kill the rulers.

The princes in the Indian land are all Khorasans, and all the boyars as well. And the Hindus are all on foot, walking quickly, and all are naked and barefoot, with a shield in one hand and a sword in the other. And other servants walk with large and straight bows and arrows. And they all fight on elephants, and let the foot soldiers go forward; the Khorasans are on horses and in armor, and the horses themselves. The elephants are tied to their trunks and tusks with large forged swords weighing a centar, they are dressed in damask armor and have towns made on them; and in each town there are 12 people in armor, with guns and arrows.

They have one place - the tomb of Sheikh Alaeddin in Alanda, where once a year a bazaar is held, where the whole Indian country comes to trade, and they trade there for 10 days. From Bidar there are 12 kovs. And they bring horses, sell up to 20 thousand, and bring in all other goods. In the land of Hindustan this is the best bargain; Every product is sold here and bought in memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, on the Russian holiday of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin. There is an eagle owl bird on that Alanda, it flies at night and shouts “gukuk”; on which mansion she sits, then the person will die; and whoever wants to kill her, then fire will come out of her mouth. And mammon walk at night and grab chickens; they live in the mountain or in stones. Monkeys live in the forest, and they have a monkey prince who goes about with his army. And if someone offends them, then they complain to their prince, and he sends his army against him. And the monkeys, attacking the city, destroy courtyards and beat people. They say that their army is very large and they have their own language; They will give birth to many children, but those who are not born like their father or mother are thrown along the roads. Then the Indians pick them up and teach them all kinds of handicrafts, some are sold, but at night, so that they cannot run back, and some are taught to imitate the actors.

Spring has come here with the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God; in the spring, two weeks after the Intercession, Sheikh Alaeddin is celebrated for eight days. Spring lasts 3 months, summer 3 months, winter 3 months, and autumn 3 months. In Bidar is the throne of the Busurman Hindustan. This city is large, and there are many people in it. Their Sultan is young, only 20 years old, and the princes and boyars - Khorasans - rule, and all Khorasans also fight.

There is a Khorasanian Meliktuchar, a boyar, - so he has an army of 200 thousand. And Melik Khan has 100 thousand, and Kharat Khan has 20 thousand. And many khans have an army of 10 thousand. The Sultan's army comes out to 300 thousand. The earth is very populous; the rural people are very poor, and the boyars are rich and luxurious; they carry them on a silver stretcher and lead in front of them up to 20 horses in golden harnesses; and behind them there are 300 people on horseback, 500 people on foot, 10 trumpet players, 10 timpani players, and 10 pipe players. The Sultan goes out for fun with his mother and wife, and with him are 10 thousand people on horseback, and 50 thousand on foot. And the elephants are led by 200 people dressed in gilded armor. Yes, in front of the Sultan there are 100 pipe-makers, and 100 dancers, and 300 simple horses in golden harnesses, and behind him are 100 monkeys, and 100 concubines, and all young maidens.

There are seven gates leading to the sultan's palace, and at the gates there are a hundred guards and a hundred kafirs scribes: some write down who will enter, others - who will leave; Foreigners are not allowed into the palace. And his palace is very beautiful, there is carving and gold everywhere, and the last stone is carved and very beautifully painted with gold; Yes, there are different vessels in the palace.

The city of Bidar is guarded at night by a thousand people appointed by the mayor, and they all ride on horses, in armor and with torches. I sold my stallion in Bidar, and spent 68 feet on him, feeding him for a year. In Bidar, snakes two fathoms long crawl along the streets. And he came to Bidar from Kulungir to Filippovo, and sold his stallion for Christmas. And I stayed in Bidar until the great spell. Here I met many Indians and announced to them that I was a Christian, not a Busurman, and my name was Afanasy, or in Busurman Khoja Isuf Khorasani. They did not hide anything from me - neither in food, nor in trade, nor in prayer, nor in other things; They also did not hide their wives.

I asked everything about their faith, and they said: we believe in Adam, and the Booths, they say, this is Adam and his entire family. There are 84 faiths in India, and everyone believes in Buta. Vera with faith does not drink, does not eat, does not marry; some eat lamb, chickens, fish and eggs, but no faith eats oxen.

I stayed in Bidar for 4 months and agreed with the Indians to go to Parvat - their Jerusalem, or in Busurmanian Mecca, where their main idol temple (butkhana) is. I went there with the Indians for a month before the butkhana. Bargaining at the butkhana lasts 5 days. And the butkhana is very large, half the size of Tver, made of stone, and Butov’s deeds are carved on it, a total of 12 crowns are carved, how But worked miracles, how he appeared to the Indians in many images: the first - in the form of a man; the second - in the form of a man, but with the trunk of an elephant; the third - by a man in the form of a monkey; fourth - by a man in the form of a fierce beast. He always appeared to them with a tail, and the tail on the stone was carved as big as a fathom. The whole Indian country comes to Butkhana, to see Butov’s miracles.

Near the butkhana, old wives and girls shave and shave off all their hair; They also shave their beards and heads. Then they go to the butkhana; from each head they take a tax on But - 2 sheksheni, and from horses - 4 feet. And 20 thousand people come to the butkhana, and there are times when 100 thousand. The buthan in the buthan is carved from stone and is very large, its tail is thrown over its shoulder, and its right hand is raised high and extended, like King Justinian in Constantinople, and in his left hand he has a spear; and he has nothing on, only his bottom is tied with a fly, he looks like a monkey. And the other Booths are completely naked, there is nothing, with their bottoms open; and Booth's wives are cut naked and with shame and with children. And in front of But stands a huge ox, and it is carved from black stone and all gilded. They kiss him on the hoof and sprinkle flowers on him, and flowers are also sprinkled on Booth.

Indians do not eat meat at all: neither cowhide, nor lamb, nor chicken, nor fish, nor pork, although they have a lot of pigs. They eat 2 times a day, but do not eat at night; They neither drink wine nor have enough to eat. They don’t drink or eat with busurmans. But their food is bad, and they don’t drink or eat with each other, even with their wife. They eat rice and kichiri with butter, and various herbs, and cook them with butter and milk. And they eat everything with their right hand, but they will never take hold of anything with their left; They don’t hold a knife and don’t know a spoon. On the road, everyone has a forge and cooks their own porridge. And they hide from the busurman so that they don’t look at the highlander or the food. If the Busurman looked at the food, the Indian no longer eats. And when they eat, some cover themselves with cloth so that no one can see.

And when they pray to the east, in Russian, they raise both hands high and place them on the crown of their head, and lie down on the ground and stretch out on it - that’s their bows. And when they sit down to eat, some wash their hands and feet, and rinse their mouths. And their buthans have no doors and are placed to the east; Buty also stands to the east. And whoever dies among them is burned, and the ashes are sprinkled on the water. And when a wife gives birth to a child, the husband receives it; The son is named by the father, and the daughter by the mother. They have no good morals and know no shame. When coming or leaving, they bow like a monk, pointing both hands to the ground and saying nothing.

They go to Parvat for the great ritual, to their But, here is their Jerusalem, and in Busurman - Mecca, in Russian - Jerusalem, in Indian - Parvat. And they all come together naked, only on the backs of their clothes; and the women are all naked, only with a veil on their backs, and others in veils, and on their necks there are pearls and many yachts, and on their hands there are gold hoops and rings, by God. And inside, to the butkhana, they ride on oxen, and each ox has horns bound with copper, about 300 bells on its neck, and shod hooves. And those oxen are called “fathers.” The Indians call the ox “father” and the cow “mother”; They bake bread and cook their food with their feces, and smear the ashes on their face, forehead and entire body. This is their sign. On Sunday and Monday they eat once during the day. In India, wives are considered to be of low value and cheap: if you want to meet a woman, two shetels; If you want to throw money away for nothing, give me six shetels. This is their custom. Slaves and female slaves are cheap: 4 pounds - good, 5 pounds - good and black.

I arrived from Parvat to Bidar, 15 days before the great Busurman holiday. But I don’t know the Great Day of the Resurrection of Christ and I guess by signs: for Christians, the Great Day happens before the Busurman Bayram by 9 or 10 days. I have nothing with me, no book; and we took the books with us from Rus', but when they robbed me, they took them too. And I forgot the whole Christian faith and Christian holidays: I don’t know either the Great Day, or the Nativity of Christ, or Wednesday, or Friday. And among faiths, I pray to God to protect me: “Lord God, true God, God, you are a merciful God, you are a creator God, you are Lord. God is one, the king of glory, the creator of heaven and earth.” And I return to Rus' with the thought: my faith perished, I fasted like a Busurman. The month of March passed, and I didn’t eat meat for a month, started a weekly fast with the Busurmans and didn’t eat anything modest, no Busurman food, but ate 2 times a day, all bread and water, and had no connection with my wife. And I prayed to God Almighty, who created heaven and earth, and did not call on any other name: God is our creator, God is merciful, God, you are the Most High God.

And from Hormuz it takes 10 days to go by sea to Galata, and from Galata to Deg - 6 days, and from Deg to Muscat - 6 days, and from Muscat to Gujarat - 10 days, and from Gujarat to Kambay - 4 days, and from Kambay to Chaula is 12 days, and from Chaula to Dabul is 6 days. Dabul is a pier in Hindustan, the last of the Busurmans. And from Dabul to Calicut is 25 days, and from Calicut to Ceylon is 15 days, and from Ceylon to Shabbat is a month, and from Shabbat to Pegu is 20 days, and from Pegu to Chin and to Machin is a month. And then all the way by sea. And from Chin to China it takes 6 months to go by land, and 4 days to go by sea. May God decorate my cover.

Hormuz is a great haven. People from all over the world visit it, and all sorts of goods are available here. Everything that is born in the world is in Hormuz. The duty is high; tithes are taken from everything. And Kambay is a harbor for the entire Indian Sea, and the goods in it are all made by alachi, and motley workers, and coarse woolen fabric, and they make indigo dye; a lakh, carnelian and cloves will be born in it. Dabul is a very large harbor, and horses are brought here from Egypt, Arabia, Khorasan, Turkestan and Old Hormuz; and they walk on dry land for a month to Bidar and to Kulbarg.

And Calicut is a pier for the entire Indian Sea, and God forbid any ship to pass through it; whoever passes it will not sail safely through the sea. And it will produce pepper, ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, cinnamon, cloves, spicy roots, adryak and a lot of other roots will be born in it. And everything about it is cheap; Yes, the male and female slaves are very good, black.

But Ceylon is a considerable pier of the Indian Sea, and in it, on a high mountain, Father Adam. Yes, precious stones, rubies, crystals, agates, resin, crystal, emery will be born around him. Elephants are also born, and they are sold by the cubit, and ostriches are sold by the weight.

And the Shabat pier of the Indian Sea is very large. The Khorasans here are given a salary, one money per day, big and small. And whoever of the Khorasans gets married here, and the Shabbat prince gives them a thousand money for sacrifice, and gives them a salary, and 10 money for food every month. And silk, sandalwood, pearls will be born on Shabbat - and everything is cheap.

In Pegu there is a considerable pier, and all the Indian dervishes live in it. And precious stones, rubies, and yachts will be born in it. Dervishes sell these stones.

And Chinskaya and Machinskaya are very large piers, and they make porcelain here, and sell it by weight and cheaply.

And their wives sleep with their husbands during the day, and at night they go to strangers and sleep with them; they (the wives) give them (the guests) a salary and bring with them sweets and sugar wine, feed and drink them to the guests so that they are loved. Wives love guests - white people, since their people are very black. And whose wife conceives a child from a guest, then her husband gives a salary, and if a white man is born, then the guest receives a duty of 18 money, and if a black man is born, then he has nothing; and what he drank and ate was what was permitted to him by law.

Shabbat from Bidar is 3 months, and from Dabul to Shabbat is 2 months, travel by sea. Machin and Chin from Bidar 4 months, go by sea. And they make pearls of the highest quality there, and everything is cheap. And it takes 2 months to get to Ceylon by sea. On Shabbat, silk, porcelain, pearls, sandalwood are born, elephants are sold by the cubit.

Monkeys, rubies and crystals will be born in Ceylon. Pepper, nutmeg, cloves, fufal and flower are born in Calicut. Indigo and lac are born in Gujarat, and carnelian in Vambai. In Raichur, a diamond will be born, from the old and new mines; a diamond kidney is sold for 5 rubles, and a very good one - for 10 rubles; a new diamond costs only 5 kenyas, a blackish diamond costs 4 to 6 kenyas, and a white diamond costs 1 kenya.

A diamond will be born in a stone mountain; and they sell that stone mountain, if the diamond is from a new mine, then for 2 thousand gold pounds, but if the diamond is from an old mine, then they sell it for 10 thousand gold pounds per cubit. And the land is the sultan’s slave Melik Khan, and from Bidar 30 kov.

And what Jews consider Shabbat to be theirs, Jewish, is a lie. The Shabaites are not Jews, not Muslims, not Christians - they have a different faith, Indian. They do not drink or eat with Jews or Busurmans, and they do not eat any meat. Yes, everything is cheap on Shabbat, but silk and sugar are born there - very cheap. And in the forest they have wild cats and monkeys and attack people on the roads, so because of the monkeys and wild cats they don’t dare drive on the roads at night.

And from Shabbat it takes 10 months to travel by land, and 4 months by sea on large ships. The navels of fattened deer are cut off because they contain musk. And wild deer themselves drop their navels in the field and in the forest, and a scent comes out of them, but not so fragrant, since they are not fresh.

In the month of May, I celebrated the Great Day in Busurman Bidar in Hindustan. The Busurmans celebrated Bayram on Wednesday in the month of May, and I began the month of April on the first day. O faithful Christians, whoever sails a lot in many lands falls into many sins and deprives himself of the Christian faith. I, the servant of God Athanasius, have suffered through faith: 4 great spells and 4 Great days have already passed, and I, a sinner, do not know when the Great Day or the spell is, I don’t know when the Nativity of Christ and other holidays are, I don’t know the Wednesday, neither Friday. But I don’t have any books; when they robbed me, they took my books. And because of many troubles, I went to India, since I had nothing to go to Rus' with, there were no goods left. I met the first Great Day in Cain, another Great Day in Chepakur in the land of Mazanderan, the third day in Hormuz, and the fourth Great Day in Bidar, in India, together with the Busurmans. And then I cried a lot because of the Christian faith.

The Busurman Medic forced me a lot to convert to the Busurman faith. I answered him: “Sir, you pray, and I also do it; you read 5 prayers, I read 3 prayers; I am a foreigner, and you are from here.” He told me: “Truly, although you seem to be not a busurman, you don’t know Christianity either.” And then I fell into many thoughts and said to myself: “Woe to me, the accursed, because I have lost my way from the true path and I don’t know any other way, I’ll go myself. Lord God, Almighty, creator of heaven and earth, do not turn your face away from your servant who is in sorrow. Lord, look upon me and have mercy on me, because I am your creation; do not turn me away, Lord, from the true path and guide me, Lord, on your right path, because in that need I did not do anything virtuous for you, my Lord, because I spent all my days in evil. My Lord, patron god, most high god, merciful god, merciful god. Praise be to God! 4 Great days have already passed in the Busurman land, but I have not left Christianity; and then God knows what will happen. Lord, my God, I trust in you, save me, Lord, my God!”

In Busurman India, in Great Bidar, I looked at the great night: on the Great Day the Pleiades and Orion entered the dawn, and the Big Dipper stood with its head to the east. On Busurman Bayram, the Sultan went for a walk, and with him 20 great viziers and 300 elephants dressed in damask armor with towns, and the towns were shackled. In the towns there are 6 people in armor, with cannons and arquebuses, and on the great elephant there are 12 people. Each elephant has 2 large banners, and large swords are tied to the tusks, along the centar, and heavy iron weights are tied to the trunks; Yes, a man in armor sits between his ears, and in his hands he has a large iron hook, which he uses. Yes, a thousand simple horses in golden harness rode out, and 100 camels with kettledrums, and 300 pipe players, and 300 dancers, and 300 slaves.

And the Sultan is wearing a caftan, all trimmed with yakhonts, and on his hat there is a cone - a huge diamond, and a golden sidek with yakhonts, and on it there are 3 sabers, bound in gold, and a golden saddle. And in front of him an infidel runs and plays with an umbrella, and behind him there are many foot soldiers. A trained elephant follows him, dressed all in damask, with a large iron chain in its mouth, and he beats off people and horses with it so that they do not come close to the Sultan. And the Sultan’s brother sits on a golden stretcher, and above him is a velvet canopy, with a golden top with yahonts. And 20 people carry it. And the sovereign sits on a golden stretcher, and above him is a silk canopy with a golden top. And they carry him on 4 horses in golden harnesses. Yes, there are a great many people around him, and in front of him there are singers and many dancers. And all with drawn swords and sabers, with shields, with spears and with bows, straight and large; and the horses are all in armor, and they have sideks on them. Others go all naked, only with a cloth on their backs, shame covered.

The moon in Bidar is full for 3 days. There are no sweet vegetables in Bidar. There is no intense heat in Hindustan; intense heat in Hormuz, and in Bahrain, where pearls are born, and in Jiddo, and in Baku, and in Egypt, and in Arabstan, and in Lara. It’s hot in the land of Khorasan, but it’s not like that. And in Chagatai it is very hot. In Shiraz and in Yazd and Kashan it is hot, but there is a wind. And in Gilani it is very stuffy and steamy, and in Shamakhi there is strong steam. It’s sultry in Babylon (Baghdad), and also in Khums and Damascus. It's not so hot in Aleppo. And in Sevaste Bay and in the Georgian land there is great abundance. And the Turkish land is very abundant. In Voloshskaya land everything edible is also abundant and cheap. Podolsk land is also abundant in everything. May the Russian land be protected by God! God forbid! God forbid! There is no country like it in this world, although the nobles (boyars) of the Russian land are unjust (not kind). May the Russian land become prosperous, and may there be justice in it. Oh god, god, god, god, god.

Lord my God, I trust in you, save me, Lord! I don't know the way. And where will I go from Hindustan: to go to Hormuz, but from Hormuz to Khorasan there is no way, and there is no way to Chagatai, and there is no way to Bahrain, and there is no way to Yazd. There is rioting everywhere. The princes were driven out everywhere. Mirza Jehanshah was killed by Uzun-Hasan-bek, Sultan Abu Said was poisoned; Uzun-Hasan-bek sat down in Shiraz, but this land did not recognize him. But Yadigar Mohammed does not go to him - he is afraid. And there is no other way. And to go to Mecca means to convert to the Busurman faith; For the sake of faith, Christians do not go to Mecca, since there they convert people into turkmenism. Living in Hindustan means spending everything you have, since everything is expensive for them: I am one person, but a day’s grub costs 2 and a half altyns. But I didn’t drink wine and was full.

Meliktuchar took 2 Indian cities that were robbing the Indian Sea. And he captured 7 princes and their treasury: a load of yachts, a load of diamonds and rubies, and 100 loads of expensive goods. And the army captured countless other goods. And he stood near the city for 2 years, and with him there were 200 thousand army, 100 elephants and 300 camels. And Meliktuchar came with his army to Vidar on Kurban Bayram, in Russian, on Peter’s Day. And the Sultan sent 10 viziers to meet him, for 10 kovs, and 10 versts in a kov. And with each vizier 10 thousand of his army, and 10 elephants in armor.

And at Meliktuchar, 500 people sit at the table every day. And with him, at his meal, 3 viziers sit down, and with the vizier there are 50 people, and 100 sworn boyars. Meliktuchar has 2 thousand horses in his stable; Yes, a thousand saddled people stand ready day and night, and there are 100 elephants in the stable. Every night his courtyard is guarded by 100 people in armor, 20 pipe players and 10 kettledrum players, and 2 people beat 10 large tambourines.

And Nizam-al-mulk, Melik Khan, and Farhad Khan took 3 large cities, and the army with them was 100 thousand and 50 elephants. Yes, they took a huge amount of all kinds of expensive stones, and they bought all those stones, yachts, and diamonds for Meliktuchar; he forbade the craftsmen to sell them to merchants who came to the city of Bidar on the day of the Blessed Virgin Mary.

The Sultan goes out for fun on Thursday and Tuesday, and 3 viziers go with him. And the sultans’ brother leaves on Monday with his mother and sister. Yes, 2 thousand wives ride out on horses and on golden stretchers. Yes, there are just 100 horses in front of them in golden harnesses, and there are a lot of foot soldiers with them, and 2 viziers and 10 viziers, and 50 elephants in cloth blankets. And on an elephant there are 4 people sitting naked, only with clothes on their backs. Yes, naked women on foot, and they carry water after them to drink and wash, but one does not drink water from the other.

Meliktuchar left to conquer the Indians with his army from the city of Bidar on the day of memory of Sheikh Alaeddin, and in Russian on the Intercession of the Holy Mother of God, and 50 thousand army came out with him. And the Sultan sent 50 thousand to his army, and 3 viziers went with him, and with them 30 thousand; Yes, 100 elephants in armor and with towns went with them, and on each elephant there were 4 people with arquebuses. Meliktuchar went to conquer the great Indian kingdom of Vijayanagara.

And the Vijayanagar prince has 300 elephants, 100 thousand of his army, and 50 thousand horses. The Sultan left the city of Bidar in the eighth month after the Great Day, and 26 Busurman viziers and 6 Indian viziers left with him. And with the Sultan of his court they left: 100 thousand army - horsemen, and 200 thousand foot soldiers, and 300 elephants in armor and with towns, and 100 evil animals, each with two chains. And with his brother Sultanov his court came out: 100 thousand horsemen, 100 thousand foot people, and 100 elephants dressed in armor. And behind Mal-khan came his court: 20 thousand horsemen, 60 thousand foot soldiers, and 20 dressed elephants. And with Beder Khan and his brother came 30 thousand horsemen, 100 thousand foot soldiers, and 25 dressed elephants, with towns. And with Sul Khan his court came out: 10 thousand horsemen, 20 thousand foot soldiers, and 10 elephants with towns. And with Vezir Khan came 15 thousand horsemen, 30 thousand foot soldiers, and 15 dressed elephants. And with Kutar Khan his court came out: 15 thousand horsemen, 40 thousand foot soldiers, and 10 elephants. Yes, with each vizier 10 thousand came out, and with another 15 thousand horsemen, and 20 thousand foot soldiers.

And with the Indian Avdonom came his army of 40 thousand horsemen, 100 thousand foot people, and 40 elephants dressed in armor, and on an elephant 4 people with arquebuses. And with the Sultan came 26 viziers, and with each vizier 10 thousand of his army, and 20 thousand foot soldiers; and with another vizier 15 thousand horsemen, and 30 thousand on foot. And the four great Indian viziers had 40 thousand horsemen and 100 thousand foot soldiers. And the Sultan became angry with the Indians because little happened to him; and he also added 20 thousand foot people, 2 thousand horsemen and 20 elephants. Such is the strength of the Indian Sultan, the Busurman; Muhammad's faith is still good. But God knows the right faith, and the right faith is to know the one God, to call on his name in purity in every pure place.

On the fifth Great Day I decided to go to Rus'. He left the city of Bidara a month before the Busurman Ulu Bayram, according to the faith of Muhammad, the prophet of God. But I don’t know about the Great Christian Day - Christ’s Resurrection, but I fasted with the Busurmans in their ritual and broke my fast with them. I met a great day in Kulbarga, 20 kovs from Bidar.

The Sultan reached Meliktuchar with his army on the 15th day after Ulu Bayram, and everyone was in Kulbarga. And the war was not successful for them, they took one Indian city, but many people died, and they spent a lot of treasury. But the Indian governor is very strong, and he has a lot of troops, and he sits on a mountain in Vijayanagar. And his city is very large, there are 3 ditches around it, and a river flows through it; and on one side of the city there was an evil forest wilderness, on the other side there was a valley, very wonderful in places and suitable for everything. There was nowhere to come to the other side, the road through the city, and there was nowhere to take the city from, a great mountain and an evil wildland approached, thickets of thorny bushes. The army stood under the city for a month, and people died from lack of water, and many people died from hunger and lack of water; and they look at the water, but there’s nowhere to get it from. The Indian city was taken by Khoja Meliktuchar, and he took it by force, he fought with the city day and night, for 20 days the army did not drink, did not eat, stood under the city with guns. And his army killed 5 thousand selected people. And when they took the city, they killed 20 thousand men and women, and took 20 thousand people, adults and children, captive. And they sold the prisoners for 10 money per head, and for another for 5 money, and the boys for 2 money. There was nothing in the treasury. But they didn’t take the big city.

And from Kulbarg he went to Kulur; and in Kulur the carnelian is born, and here it is trimmed, and then transported from there to the whole world. 300 diamond workers live in Kulur and decorate their weapons. And I stayed here for five months and went from here to Koilkonda, and there is a very large bazaar. And from there he went to Gulbarga, and from Gulbarga he went to Sheikh Alaeddin, and from Sheikh Alaeddin - to Kamendriya, and from Kamendriya - to Kynaryas, and from Kynaryas - to Suri, and from Suri he went to Dabul - the pier of the great Indian Sea.

Dabul is a very large city, and the entire coastline, Indian and Ethiopian, comes to it. And then I, the accursed slave of the Most High God, the creator of heaven and earth, Athanasius, thought about the Christian faith, about the baptism of Christ, about the orders established by the holy fathers and about the apostolic commandments, and my mind rushed to go to Rus'. And, sitting down in the tawa and agreeing on the ship's payment, he gave 2 gold pieces from his head to Hormuz.

But I boarded a ship in Dabul 3 months before the Great Day, the Busurman ritual. And I sailed in the sea for a month and did not see anything, only the next month I saw the Ethiopian mountains. And then the people all exclaimed: “ollo konkar bizim bashi mudna nasip bolmyshti,” which in Russian means: “God, the sovereign, God, the highest God, the heavenly king, here you have destined us to perish.”

And he was in that Ethiopian land for 5 days. By the grace of God, evil did not happen; we distributed a lot of rice, pepper, and bread to the Ethiopians, and they did not plunder the ships. And from there he sailed 12 days to Muscat and in Muscat he met the sixth Great Day. And he sailed to Hormuz for 9 days and was in Hormuz for 20 days. From Hormuz I went to Lara and stayed in Lara for 3 days. From Lara I went to Shiraz, 12 days, and in Shiraz I was 7 days. And from Shiraz I went to Aberkukh, 15 days, and in Aberkukh I was 10 days. And from Aberkukh he went to Yazd, 9 days, and was in Yazd 8 days. And from Yazd he went to Ispagan, 5 days, and was in Ispagan for 6 days. And from Ispagan he went to Kashan, and was in Kashan for 5 days. And from Kashan he went to Kum, and from Kuma he went to Sava. And from Sava he went to Sultaniya. And from Sultaniya he went to Tabriz. And from Tabriz he went to the horde to Hasan-bek, he stayed in the horde for 10 days, since there was no way anywhere. And Hasan Bek sent his army of 40 thousand against the Turkish [Sultan], and they took Sivas; and they took Tokat and set it on fire, they took Amasia and plundered many villages there. And they went to fight against Karaman. And I went from the horde to Arzinjan, and from Arzinjan I went to Trebizond.

And he came to Trebizond for the Protection of the Holy Mother of God and the Ever-Virgin Mary and stayed in Trebizond for 5 days. And, having come to the ship, he agreed on payment - to give gold from his head to Kafa; I took the gold one for duty and gave it to the Cafe. In Trebizond, the subyshi and the pasha did me a lot of harm: they took all my rubbish to their city, to the mountain, and searched everything; that the change was good - they stole it all, but they were looking for letters, since I came from the horde of Hassan-bek.

By the grace of God I swam to the third sea, the Black Sea, or in Persian the Istanbul Sea. We sailed by sea in the wind for 5 days and reached Vonada, but then we were met by a strong wind from the north and returned us to Trebizond. And we stood in Platan for 15 days due to a strong and angry wind. From Platana we went out to sea twice, but the evil wind that met us did not allow us to go across the sea; True God, patron God! - because besides him, we don’t know any other god. And the sea passed by and took us to Balaklava, and from there to Gurzuf, and we stood here for 5 days.

By the grace of God, he sailed to Kafa, 9 days before Philip’s plot. God, creator! By the grace of God I have crossed three seas. God knows the rest, God the patron knows. In the name of God, the merciful and merciful. God is great! Good God, good Lord, Jesus the spirit of God! Peace to you! God is great; there is no god but Allah, the creator. Thank God, praise God! In the name of God, merciful and merciful! He is a god, to whom there is no other like, who knows everything secret and obvious; He is merciful and merciful; he is a god who has no other like him; He is king, light, peace, savior, trustee, glorious, powerful, great, creator, builder, imager. He is the absolver of sins, he is also the punisher; giving, nourishing, ending all difficulties; the knower who receives our souls; He who spreads out heaven and earth, who preserves everything; Almighty, elevating, overthrowing, hearing everything, seeing everywhere. He is a right and good judge.