The Russian language constantly interacts with other world languages. In the novel in verse, A.S. Pushkin, describing Onegin’s outfit, says that “... trousers, tailcoat, vest, all these words are not in Russian.” Surprisingly, centuries have passed, and no one remembers that these words were once disowned, considering them frivolous and discourteous. At the beginning of the 19th century, they were considered relatively new types of clothing, the terminology of which had not yet been fully established. The selection of Russian names was slow. But with the light hand of Pushkin, we consider these words to be our own and do not think about their origin. One can argue whether the Russian language has become richer, but it certainly has not become poorer, because today instead of a sleeveless jacket we say “vest”, and instead of short pants we say “knickers”. Although, we can safely say that this word is gradually becoming obsolete.

2. A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

In the eighth chapter, Tatiana’s appearance is surrounded by an aura of enthusiasm and secular apotheosis. Pushkin that Tatyana was “a true snapshot of Du comme il faut...” And then the author asks for forgiveness from the Slavophiles: “Shishkov, forgive me. I don’t know how to translate.” The expression translated from French means decent, decent, as it should be. Usually this expression is used in an ironic sense, but here Pushkin uses this word - comme il faut - in a positive sense, everything that is not vulgar (that is, not vulgar, that is, not primitive, vulgar). The author talks about this later.

No one could find it in it
That autocratic fashion
In high London circle
It's called vulgar. (I can not...
I love this word very much
But I can’t translate;
It’s still new to us,
And it is unlikely that he will be honored.
It would be suitable for an epigram...

Vulgar - primitive - has become absolutely our word used in colloquial speech.

3. A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky acts as a defender of the Russian national language. He finds it inappropriate to use French in his own country, at least. To be closer to the people. In his monologue he says:

At conventions, at big ones, on parish holidays?
A confusion of languages ​​still prevails:
French with Nizhny Novgorod?

Assuming that the past three years might have changed something. Griboedov, through the mouth of Chatsky, expresses his negative attitude towards the use of the French language in everyday life.

4. L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”

In the novel, the author conveys a situation when, after the Battle of Borodino, representatives of St. Petersburg society decide to abandon the use of French words in their speech. However, such a decision is difficult to implement, since in high society it is not customary to speak Russian and many simply do not know the meaning of French words in their native language. L.N. Tolstoy clearly does not sympathize with representatives of high society, believing that in difficult times all citizens should unite, and language is one of the main means contributing to this.

5. K. Paustovsky

believed: “We have been given possession of the richest, most accurate, powerful and truly magical Russian language.” Our outstanding writer believed that true love for one’s country is unthinkable without love for one’s language. Domestic literature is the pride of the nation, the names of Pushkin, Tolstoy, Chekhov, Dostoevsky, Bulgakov are a world heritage, they are read and loved on all continents. “Many Russian words themselves radiate poetry, just as precious stones radiate a mysterious shine.”

• The Russian language is our common heritage, which must be preserved
• Most people have forgotten the value of their native language
• Internet communication is a serious test for the Russian language
• Love for your language is manifested in careful handling of words, studying the rules of the language and the peculiarities of their use
• Distortion of words has a negative impact on the development of the Russian language and the preservation of its charm
• You can tell a lot about a person by how he treats his language.

Arguments

T. Tolstaya “Kys”. With their irresponsibility, people have caused enormous damage to the language. Its former beauty and melodiousness have been lost, because everyone just “throws” words without thinking about the consequences. Incorrect pronunciation of words destroys the beauty of the language. The work encourages us to think about the consequences of such an attitude towards language. After reading the book I want to protect, preserve native language, excluding slang and jargon.

D.S. Likhachev “Letters about the good and the beautiful.” Reflecting on the richness of the Russian language and people’s attitude towards it, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev says that language allows you to evaluate a person at the first meeting with him. Language makes it possible to learn about someone’s relationship to the world around them and to themselves. A smart, well-mannered, intelligent person will not unnecessarily speak too loudly, emotionally, or use inappropriate and ugly words. Learning to speak beautifully, intelligently, and competently is not easy. You need to learn to speak, because speech is the basis of human behavior, the thing by which you can judge him in the first place. These thoughts of Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev are very accurate. They are relevant now and will be just as true many years from now.

I.S. Turgenev "Russian language". The lines of this prose poem are known to everyone since school. It’s amazing how accurately the writer assessed the strength and power of the Russian language in just a few lines. For I.S. Turgenev’s native language is “support and support.” The entire poem, even if it is small, is filled with a sense of pride. The writer appreciates the Russian language.

V.G. Korolenko “Without a tongue.” The author claims that without language, each of us is “like a blind or small child.” People who cannot write and speak correctly and beautifully clog up speech, thereby causing irreparable damage to the language. Native speech should not only be appreciated, but also protected and tried to be preserved. The future of the Russian language depends only on the person.

Text from the Unified State Examination

Introduction

Russian language is one of the richest in the world. Like any other language, the Russian language tends to change. Every year, neologisms, new formations in the field of youth slang, and borrowings from other languages ​​appear in it.

Sometimes it is difficult for people of different ages or living in different regions of the country to understand each other. Changes and simplifications of the language are also taking place at the state level. Modern Russian language is already very different from the language of A.S. Pushkin and L.N. Tolstoy.

Problem

S. Kaznacheev reflects on the problem of preserving the Russian language in his text. The Russian language is undergoing significant changes in terms of borrowings, as well as in the field of distortion of spellings. Why does society allow such simplifications? What could this lead to?

A comment

The author begins the conversation by presenting examples of modern posters that we all see every day on the streets of our cities. The introduction of the Latin alphabet into the Cyrillic alphabet modifies the words and deprives them of their usual meaning.

The author asks the question, is this good? Is our language enriched by such modifications or, on the contrary, deteriorates? Borrowings with the introduction of the Latin alphabet and other graphic symbols have filled the media: newspaper headlines, television advertising, signs with the names of fashionable establishments - all this is filled with “broken” words.

Why are such changes needed at all? Why do advertisers resort to them? Most likely, this is due to the desire for originality, originality, and the desire to attract as much attention as possible to their names and headlines. But is this justified? According to the author, this method is quite primitive and superficial.

Author's position

The author is sure that distorted spelling of words leads to disruption of the functioning of the language and to the destruction of its norms. The author also fears for the fate of our great alphabet, donated by Saints Cyril and Methodius.

Your position

I understand S. Kaznacheev’s concerns. I am also confused by strange inscriptions on posters and on the Internet. They seem to hurt your eyes. It becomes unclear what they want to achieve with this, why they treat the wealth of our great and mighty Russian language so frivolously.

The language has already changed a lot since the time of A.S. Pushkin, who is considered the creator of the modern Russian language. Some changes have been beneficial, while others, in my opinion, simply destroy it. For example, the simplification of Russian language norms at the state level is frightening, but at the same time it simplifies the life of illiterate people.

Argument No. 1

How can we neglect centuries-old traditions that, word by word, enriched and multiplied Russian speech and Russian writing? The language of Russian classics, which had a significant influence on the development of world literature, should not be simplified, it can only be enriched.

If there are words that are really necessary for borrowing to denote some new concepts, then why not use them? But if there are Russian words, is it worth deliberately replacing them with foreign ones? I think no. I remember the words of the great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky: “To use a foreign word when there is an equivalent Russian word means to insult both common sense and common taste.”

Argument No. 2

I.S. Turgenev calls to admire the Russian language, to appreciate its treasures and untold riches: “In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language!”

Conclusion

Back in first grade we were taught that Russian is the richest language in the world. It has many words for the same concept, it has so many possibilities for conveying different shades of the same feeling.

Date of publication: 04/17/2017

The problem of preserving the culture of the Russian language (the problem of language clogging) - ready-made arguments

Possible theses:

1. Changes from the “high and mighty” are necessary, even if it causes inconvenience to people
2. The change in the Russian language has a particularly painful impact on the lives of the older generation
3. Due to the appearance of new words in the language, difficulties may arise in understanding the interlocutor
4. The Russian language is not in danger of dying; it is so flexible that it can adapt to any changes
5. Indeed, we cannot do without borrowed words, however, their excessive use makes it very difficult to understand the text (speech)
6. Using buzzwords, people clog their speech, which complicates communication between people
7. Excessive use of borrowed words clogs speech

In the book “The Russian Language is on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown,” Maxim Krongauz says that our world is changing and therefore the emergence of new words, even borrowed ones, is a normal phenomenon. If the language does not change, it will cease to fulfill its functions. The linguist leads interesting example: Global warming meant that the Eskimos did not have enough words in their language to name the animals migrating to the polar regions of the globe.

M. Krongauz popular science book “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown”

In the book “The Russian Language is on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown,” Maxim Krongauz came to the conclusion that significant changes in our language worry mainly the older generation. There are too many new words and their boundaries are blurring literary language, this frightens and irritates people who are accustomed to this language.

M. Krongauz popular science book “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown”

M. Krongauz did not avoid this problem either. The linguist believes that concerns about the Russian language are groundless, but at the same time notes that its rapid changes make it difficult for people to communicate, especially if they belong to different generations.

M. Krongauz popular science book “The Russian language is on the verge of a nervous breakdown”

Linguist M. Krongauz does not see a threat to the Russian language, reading that it is not afraid of either the flow of borrowings and jargon, or the changes that are taking place in it. The Russian language will “digest” all this, retaining some, discarding some, developing new norms, and stability will come in place of chaos.

A. Knyshev “News on air”

A. Knyshev does not hide his ironic attitude towards the topic under discussion. Using the example of the story “On the Air of News,” where the news presenter uses mostly borrowed words, which makes his speech extremely incomprehensible, he shows what will happen to the Russian language if we oversaturate it with “foreign words.”

A. Knyshev “News on air”

In a short story, A. Knyshev makes fun of people who mainly use borrowed words to demonstrate their “modernity.” Using the example of a news anchor whose monologue is difficult to read and almost impossible to understand, the satirical writer shows how ridiculous the speech of a person who follows the fashion for words sounds.

A. Knyshev “News on air”

In A. Knyshev’s story “On the Air of News”, the host of the program cannot be understood, since his speech is oversaturated with borrowed words. Of course, when portraying the image of a modern speaker, the writer deliberately exaggerates, however, the humorous text once again proves that it is more difficult for people to understand the speaker if he uses too many borrowed words.

Example from life

The emergence of new, including borrowed, words is necessary. “Computer”, “smartphone”, “slow cooker” alarmed and confused people, but today we use these words more often than the original Russian “well” or “kalach”. It’s even more difficult to imagine that “car” and “TV,” not to mention “potatoes,” were once incomprehensible to Russians. The world is changing, and language is forced to adapt so that people can understand each other.

The text by Doctor of Philology Maxim Anisimovich Krongauz raises the problem of changes in the Russian language.

The author believes that changes in society inevitably entail changes in language. They are an integral part of the language and very important, but changes should not go beyond or, especially, change the language.

I completely agree with Kronhaus's opinion. Indeed, the language must change, but at the same time, naturally, it must not forget its roots and culture. If this happens, we will inevitably lose the richest and most native Russian language.

As an argument, I will cite the famous prose poem by I.S. Turgenev: “In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts, you alone are my support and support, oh great, truthful, powerful and free Russian language.”

And in his poem A.M. Zhemchuzhnikov wrote: “Speak Russian, for God’s sake! Bring this novelty into fashion.” The author says that we must not forget about our native language, this will be wrong in relation to our people and culture.

Thus, the changes taking place in the language are natural, but we must not forget that the Russian language is the richest language in the world, and for our culture it is the most beloved and dear.

Updated: 2016-10-15

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Useful material on the topic

• The world around us is changing. (According to M.A. Krongauz) Why are borrowed words needed? Is it acceptable for them to appear in the Russian language?