Central Bank of the Russian Federation state bank. Central bank. Who owns the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and who controls it?

17.01.2024 ethnoscience

Chairman of the Bank of Russia

Chairman of the Bank of Russia– official head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The status of the Chairman of the Central Bank is determined by Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 10, 2002 “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)”.

He is vested with the following powers:

act on behalf of the Bank of Russia and represent its interests without a power of attorney in relations with government authorities, credit institutions, organizations of foreign states, international organizations, other institutions and organizations;
chair meetings of the board of directors of the Central Bank. In case of equality of votes, the vote of the Chairman of the Bank of Russia is decisive;
sign regulatory acts of the Bank of Russia, decisions of the board of directors, minutes of its meetings, agreements concluded by the Central Bank, delegate the right to sign regulatory acts of the Central Bank to a person replacing the chairman of the Bank of Russia, from among the members of the board of directors;
appoint and dismiss deputy governors of the Bank of Russia and distribute responsibilities among them;
delegate your powers to your deputies;
sign orders and give instructions that are binding on all employees and organizations of the Bank of Russia.

The Chairman bears full responsibility for the activities of the Bank of Russia. He is obliged to ensure the implementation of the functions of the Central Bank in accordance with the law and make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the Bank of Russia, with the exception of those on which decisions are made by the National Banking Council or the Board of Directors.

In this case, the chairman does not have the right to: combine his main activity with other paid activities, except for teaching, scientific and other creative work, and also be a member of the management bodies, trustee or supervisory boards of foreign non-profit non-governmental organizations.

The candidacy of the Chairman of the Bank of Russia is submitted by the President to the State Duma and elected by a majority vote for a term of four years. He can hold this post for a maximum of three consecutive terms.

The chairmen of the Bank of Russia were:

1990-1992 - G. G. Matyukhin, Chairman of the State Bank of the RSFSR - Central Bank of the RSFSR - Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia);

1992-1998 - V.V. Gerashchenko, Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

1994-1995 – T. V. Paramonova, acting chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

1995-1998 – S.K. Dubinin, Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

1998-2002 – V.V. Gerashchenko, Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (re-elected);

2002-2013 – S. M. Ignatiev, Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation;

See what “Chairman of the Bank of Russia” is in other dictionaries:

Chairman of the Government of Russia

- – a permanent collegial body of the Central Bank. Members of the board of directors work at the Bank of Russia on a permanent basis. In this case, the council meets for a joint meeting at least once a month. Conducts such meetings... ... Banking Encyclopedia

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation- Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation... Wikipedia

Chairman of the Board of Bank "St. Petersburg" Alexander Savelyev- Below is a biographical note. Savelyev was born on March 21, 1954 in the city of Kazan. In 1978 he graduated from the Kazan Aviation Institute named after Tupolev with a degree in mechanical engineering. In 1978-1981 he worked in the Kazan branch of Scientific... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

Chairman of the Government- The current Chairman of the Government Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, in accordance with Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Government of the Russian Federation”, heads ... ... Wikipedia

Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation- The current Chairman of the Government Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, in accordance with Article 24 of the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Government of the Russian Federation”, heads ... ... Wikipedia

Central Bank of Russia: history, functions and powers- The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) was established on July 13, 1990 on the basis of the Russian Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 75) establishes a special constitutional and legal status... ... Encyclopedia of Newsmakers

Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)- the main credit institution of the country, owned by the Russian Federation. Operates on the basis of the Law of the Russian Federation On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) dated December 2, 1990. The Bank of Russia is independent from the executive bodies... ... Administrative law. Dictionary-reference book

Books

Kudrin system. The story of a key economist in Putin's Russia, Evgeniya Pismennaya. What is this book about? The book by Evgenia Pismennaya is the history of Russian government and the Russian economy, told on behalf of those people who created it: ministers, deputies, economists and...

Probably every person knows about the existence of the Central Bank, but do we appreciate its true importance? To maintain order in the State, in particular in the economic sphere, it is necessary to have a clear financial structure. A guarantee of stable work is the distribution of responsibilities and powers between economic entities. Every State in the world must have an independent control body over financial and economic activities. In the Russian Federation, such a body is the Central Bank.

It has long been clear that the financial system needs to be regulated centrally. The first Bank, which performed the functions of the modern Central Bank (but not all) was established in 1860. Over time, its name, chairmen, economic and political situation changed, but the immediate predecessor of the Central Bank was the State Bank, which began to exist at the end of 1987.

It was a republican bank created under the USSR, which submitted a report on its activities to the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). It was called “State Bank of the RSFSR”.

During the collapse of the USSR, the authorities decided to transform the Bank of the RSFSR. And already on July 13, 1990, the Central Bank was established, and it began its legal activities in accordance with the adopted law “ About the Central Bank of the RSFSR"No. 394-1 dated December 2, 1990.

The Central Bank was given the status of a legal entity and declared the main bank, which, like the State Bank, was required to submit reports on its activities to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. In fact, the Central Bank became the successor to the State Bank.

Since November 1991, the Central Bank has been given powers over the most important functions, namely, issuing the ruble and determining its exchange rate. Thus, his responsibilities included complete monopoly regulation of the republican economy.

After the final collapse of the USSR and the emergence of a new, independent State, the Central Bank of the FSRSR was renamed “ Central Bank of the Russian Federation" All assets, liabilities and property of the Soviet bank were transferred to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

With the advent of the Central Bank in Russia, dramatic structural changes took place in the economy:

All past republican branches of special banks were transformed into a network of commercial banks;
The new financial regulator changed the system of accounts (cash settlement centers - RCCs) became an innovation;
A legal foreign exchange business has emerged in Russia (since 1992, the Central Bank began purchasing/selling currencies).

The Central Bank was authorized to establish and determine official quotations (the ratio of foreign monetary units to the Russian ruble). The direct merits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation also include the organization of a stable securities market.

In September 1993, the Central Bank decided to shift some of its functions to another executive body and proposed its idea to the Government. Thus, to assist the work of the Central Bank, a new federal service was created called the Federal Treasury. The main responsibilities of the Treasury at that time included:

Ensure the execution of the federal budget;
Provide cash services for budget execution;
Monitor the conduct of transactions with federal budget funds by the main managers and recipients (as well as conduct preliminary control).

In 1995, the Central Bank operated a system that consisted of carrying out a total inspection of existing commercial banks and currency regulation mechanisms. This system maintained the banking system in stability.

From the moment of the collapse of the USSR until the first Russian crisis, the Central Bank did a colossal amount of work to form the economic foundations of the country, as well as its financial stability. However, in 1998, the country suffered a severe economic crisis, the main reason for which was the ineffective macroeconomic policy of the authorities. And already in mid-August 1998, the Russian Government announced a statement from the Central Bank about a technical default of the main types of government securities.

Heads of the Central Bank

The Chairman of the Bank of Russia is the official head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. The head acts on behalf of the Bank of Russia and represents its interests. Like any boss, the chairman of the Central Bank has the right to appoint employees to positions, as well as dismiss them, including deputy chairman of the Bank, and also assigns certain responsibilities to them.

Naturally, every regulatory or financial document goes through verification and is signed by the chairman of the Central Bank.

Interesting moment! When at a meeting of the board of directors of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation there is a tie in voting on a certain issue, the vote of the chairman of the Bank of Russia is decisive.

The candidacy of the Chairman of the Central Bank is proposed to the State Duma by the President. To approve a candidate for a position, it is necessary to go through a voting procedure, according to the standards of which, the candidate who receives the maximum number of votes wins. The term of office in this position is limited to 4 years, but the maximum time a person can hold this position is permitted by law for no more than 3 consecutive terms.

The Central Bank appeared back in 1860, or to be more precise, on June 11. Only it was called differently, in a royal way: “the State Bank of the Russian Empire.” The Table shows the main chairmen of the Central Bank from 1980 to the present, as well as the name of the bank at one time or another.

Name of the bank	Chairmen of the Board
State Bank of the Russian Empire (1860-1917)	Stinlitz Lamansky Zhukovsky
People's Bank of the RSFSR (1917-1920)	Pestkovsky Obolensky Ganetsky
State Bank of the USSR (1921-1991)	Sheinman Kalmanovich Maryasin Kruglikov Grichmanov Bulganin Korovushkin Poskonov Sveshnikov Dementsev Garetovsky Gerashchenko
Central Bank of the Russian Federation (1991-today) day)	Matyukhin Gerashchenko Paramonova (acting) Ignatiev Nabiullina (today)

From June 24, 2013 to the present, Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina has been the Chairman of the Board of the Central Bank. The previous Chairman, Sergei Mikhailovich Ignatiev, is on the Board of Directors of the Bank as an advisor to the Chairman.

In addition to the Chairman, the bank is managed by a Board of Directors, which consists of 14 people, including Nabiullina. Members of the Board of Directors are appointed by the State Duma for a period of 5 years. The duties of the council include holding meetings at least once a calendar month. The Bank of Russia has another collegial body among its assistants - the national financial council, consisting of 12 people, including the chairman. Council meetings must be held at least once per quarter.

The main functions of the national council include:

Approval of proposals of the board of directors;
Consideration of issues related to improving the banking system of the Russian Federation;
Selecting the optimal option for the main directions of the state’s unified monetary policy from all those proposed;
Appointment to the position of chief auditor of the Central Bank and determination of an audit organization (auditor of annual financial statements);
Consideration of issues related to the current activities of the Central Bank.

Interesting moment! Participants of the National Financial Council (NFC) are not employees of the Central Bank and do not receive remuneration for their activities (with the exception of the chairman of the bank).

Distinctive features of the Central Bank of Russia

The main distinguishing feature of the Central Bank is its name. A center is a symbol of the basis of something; it turns out that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is the “center” of all banks in the country. Hence its privileges: an absolute monopoly on the issue of banknotes, regulation of the stability of the national currency, endowment with property and financial independence.

Another fundamental difference between the Central Bank and other Russian banks is that it does not provide financial services to the population and does not lend to private businesses, but is a regulatory body of the country’s financial and economic system, acting as a link between economic entities and the Government.

Note! Making a profit is not the purpose of the Bank of Russia!

The uniqueness of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation lies in the fact that it combines some features of a commercial institution and a government department.

Legal status as the main distinctive feature of the Bank of Russia

The unique Russian Bank acts as a special public legal institution in the country's economic system.

The defining element of the legal status of the Central Bank is the principle of independence, the essence of which is reflected in the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 75), as well as in the first two articles of Federal Law No. 86 " About the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)" dated July 10, 2002.

What is the principle of independence? Literally, this principle means the exclusive right of the Bank to issue money and organize money and currency circulation.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not responsible for the obligations of either the state or credit institutions, and this is mutual between them.

Interesting fact! The Bank of Russia has the right to defend its interests in court! (Including in international courts, as well as courts of foreign states and arbitration courts).

Paradoxical moments

If you thoroughly understand the legal status of the Central Bank, you will notice several paradoxical points. For example, Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states that the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has a special constitutional and legal status, which gives it the exclusive right to monopoly issue money and ensure the stability of the ruble, regardless of government bodies. That is, in fact, the Bank is independent in its decisions, and given the functions it performs, the Central Bank can be equated to a state authority. But, in fact, the bank is not such.

And also illogical points can be identified in terms of the independence of the Central Bank. The principle of independence is also reflected in the financial independence of the Bank; everything is simple here: it carries out its expenses at the expense of its own income. But the authorized capital and other property of the Central Bank belongs to the Federation, that is, it is federal property, and not the property of the bank (this is such independence).

All property of the Central Bank belongs to the Russian Federation, but the seizure of property without the consent of the Bank of Russia is not allowed.

And in general, all powers to use, dispose and own the property of the Central Bank are exercised by the Bank itself, in accordance with established government goals.

Functional responsibilities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is a legal entity and operates within a clearly defined government framework. The functions performed by the Central Bank are at the same time its responsibilities. The Bank of Russia, working for the benefit of the state, is obliged to:

Ensure the stability of the national currency and the stability of the Russian financial system;
Monitor inflation rates and, if necessary, work to reduce the rate;
Develop a unified monetary policy of the state;
Report on your activities to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
Increasing financial literacy (culture) of the population;
Monitor the activities of all commercial banks (monitor economic results, guided by the reports of banking entities, organize audits of the operations they perform);

The Bank performs all of the above functions based on the approved Instructions and Regulations.

Banking regulation as one of the special functions of the Central Bank

In order for the system to function as a coherent mechanism, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of “behavior” of each subject of the link in this system. The same applies to the banking sector. The Central Bank monitors compliance with rules and order by all other “non-central” banks.

Banking activities are considered legal only if he has a license to operate. This license is issued by the Bank of Russia. In order for a commercial bank to obtain the coveted permission and begin to legally carry out its activities, its founders need to submit certain documentation to the Central Bank. An approximate list of documents for consideration of issuing a license looks like this:

Application for a license;
Charter (and other constituent documents);
“Business plan” of action (which indicates the nature of future banking operations and the scale of operation);
Declarations of income of the founders, as well as an audit report on the financial position of the founders of the bank.

The Bank of Russia is also entrusted with control over non-credit organizations (these are pawnshops, microfinance organizations, credit history bureaus, non-state pension funds and others).

As part of the regulation and control of the activities of banks, the Central Bank of Russia checks their financial statements, but not itself, but through the means of another of its assistants - the audit service. Auditing firms that engage in banking audits must also obtain a license to carry out their activities. This license is also issued by the Central Bank.

If, as a result of the inspection, it is revealed that a bank or other credit institution does not comply with the requirements established by law, then the Central Bank has the right to deprive this organization of its license. This function is assigned to the Bank of Russia to improve the banking sector. Currently, the fight against credit institutions that conduct questionable transactions or have low-quality assets on their balance sheets continues in a more stringent form. In 2017, the Central Bank revoked the licenses of 50 credit institutions, and over the past four years - more than 350 banking entities.

Hello, dear readers! Quite often it pops up in the information space various information about the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Information of varying degrees of veracity, from speculation and gossip, to formalities and legal facts, can be found both in the yellow press, in small communities discussing world conspiracies, and in completely authoritative publications. One of the cornerstone questions, from the answer to which a lot of side theories and revelations arise, is the question “Who owns the Central Bank?” or “Who does the Central Bank report to?” Today we will try to give an answer to it, as well as analyze some of the opinions existing in society on this matter.

What is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation?

First of all, you should decide what this institution is, what functions and properties it has, whether it is unique or has analogues in the world. This approach seems to be the most correct, in the context of a comprehensive analysis of opinions existing on the Internet and in society regarding the Central Bank.

As sources for our small research, we will take popular rumors from the Internet and compare them with legislation, as well as with information from official sources, including from the Bank itself.

We open Wikipedia and see that the Bank of Russia is:

a special public legal institution, a first-tier bank. The main emission and monetary regulator of the country, developing and implementing, in cooperation with the Government of the Russian Federation, a unified state monetary policy and endowed with special powers, in particular, the right to issue banknotes and regulate the activities of banks. The Bank of Russia, fulfilling the role of the main coordinating and regulating body of the entire credit system of the country, acts as an economic management body. The Bank of Russia controls the activities of credit organizations, issues and revokes their licenses to carry out banking operations, and credit organizations work with other legal entities and individuals, while the Bank of Russia is also a legal entity.

Goals and functions of the Central Bank

Art. Art. 3 and 4 of the Federal Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)” contain the goals and functions of this institution.

Article 3. The goals of the Bank of Russia are:

protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble;

development and strengthening of the banking system of the Russian Federation;

ensuring stability and development of the national payment system;

development of the financial market of the Russian Federation;

ensuring stability of the financial market of the Russian Federation.

Making a profit is not the purpose of the Bank of Russia.

Pay attention to the last point. Many myths about the Central Bank are connected precisely with the fact that this organization, one way or another, has making a profit as one of its main tasks.

All functions specified in Art. 4 are aimed at achieving the set goals, so we will not focus on them.

Legal status

The legal status of the Bank of Russia is determined by three main sources:

Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation
Federal Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)”
Federal Law “On Banks and Banking Activities”

Part 2 of Article 75 of the Constitution reads:

Protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble is the main function of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which it carries out independently of other government bodies.

This constitutional and legal status raises several questions. What does “independent of other government bodies” mean? And doesn’t “others” mean that the Central Bank is also a state body? authorities?
The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in its ruling, noted that the functions of the Central Bank “by their nature relate to the functions of state power, since their implementation involves the use of state coercive measures.”
Then the list of questions only grows...

Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)”

The Bank of Russia is a legal entity. The Bank of Russia has a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and with its name.

Not only does the Bank operate independently, it is also a legal entity! So all the rumors are true? Does the Central Bank really act autonomously, depriving Russia of sovereignty in terms of financial security and the issue of the ruble?

The situation with the independence of central banks in foreign countries occurs quite often. For example, the Bank of England, originally a private bank, today has the status of an “Independent Public Organization”. Many countries independently limit their sovereignty in terms of issuing currency, transferring these functions to supranational bodies.

Returning to the Bank of Russia, it should be noted that its independence is still limited by current legislation, as well as by regulatory authorities. For example, Art. 23 Federal Law “On the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation”, authorizes the Accounts Chamber to conduct a financial audit of the Central Bank.

In addition, Art. 5 of the Law on the Bank of Russia establishes its accountability to the State Duma of the Russian Federation. It also gives the Duma and the President certain powers in relation to the Central Bank. For example, consider the main directions of the unified state monetary policy and make decisions on them, appoint and dismiss members of the Board of Directors of the Bank of Russia and others.

Is such independence of the Central Bank justified? - Hard to say. Most likely, it depends on the political regime and government system. It is democracy, as a political regime, that probably implies the existence of such independent public legal institutions. Against the backdrop of the transition to capitalism and democracy, many of our compatriots, nostalgic for the USSR, refuse to accept changes in approaches at the everyday level, at a time when they have long come to terms with everything on the political and social level. We came to our senses too late.

Since its creation on July 13, 1990, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has been a non-state commercial structure, accountable to the State Duma of the Russian Federation and headed by the Board of Directors and the National Banking Council. According to Article 22 of the Law “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation”:

The Bank of Russia does not have the right to provide loans to the Government of the Russian Federation to finance the federal budget deficit... The Bank of Russia does not have the right to provide loans to finance deficits in the budgets of state extra-budgetary funds, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets.

If the price of oil falls and the budget deficit of the Russian Federation forms, the Central Bank will not finance the lack of funds in the budget to pay pensions, salaries of budgetary organizations (law enforcement agencies, the Ministry of Defense, Health, Education, etc.), carrying out state targeted programs and other expenses . The government will have to apply to the International Monetary Fund, a private organization of American and British bankers, to obtain a loan for budgetary allocations. All funds accumulated in the accounts of the Central Bank of Russia - gold and foreign exchange reserves in the amount of 524.5 billion dollars cannot be used to stabilize the economy of the Russian Federation, according to Article 22. The Central Bank of Russia, created by B.N. Yeltsin, as a private banking organization, exists exclusively as a branch of the US Federal Reserve System, again the private banking organization of the Rothschilds and Rockefellers. The circle is closed, the Central Bank of Russia belongs to the Rothschild clan and is completely dependent on their decisions. Why?

Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states:

Money emission is carried out exclusively by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble is the main function of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which it carries out independently of other government bodies.

In a word, printing and the number of printed rubles is the exclusive prerogative of the Central Bank of Russia; this function of the bank, an independent commercial structure, cannot be influenced by any government body, such as the president or prime minister of the Russian Federation. Who does the Central Bank of Russia report to? First of all, you need to understand that the number of printed rubles is directly dependent on the receipt of petrodollars into the accounts of the Central Bank. If the price of oil exceeds the level established by the Ministry of Finance, then the Central Bank of Russia will print rubles for this difference and put them into circulation, acting as a US currency exchange office. Payment for oil sold by Russia is in US dollars, the ruble exchange rate against the dollar is set by the Central Bank, and the size of this exchange rate depends on the amount of inflation, which the Central Bank of the Russian Federation adjusts through the constant strengthening of the ruble against the US dollar. It is curious that inflation in Russia over the past decade has averaged 10% per year according to official statistics, the ruble exchange rate in 2001 was on average 29.4, today it is 27.6. It turns out that in 10 years the dollar should have cost at least 58 rubles, and in terms of exchange rates the dollar has depreciated by 100 - 6.2 = 93.8%? But this is not so; the depreciation of the dollar by 6.2% over ten years is exactly in line with the expected inflationary process in the United States. This monetarist policy of the Russian government and the Central Bank gives rise to some thoughts.

Firstly, the fight against inflation by maintaining a stable ruble exchange rate has led to the uncompetitiveness of domestic producers and the virtual destruction of agriculture and industry. The Central Bank of Russia's focus on the expensive ruble led to a high refinancing rate set by the Central Bank of 8.25%. Economic experts argue that when the refinancing rate is above 5%, the industry ceases to make a profit and self-liquidates, which is what happened in Russia. Domestic banks and enterprises are forced to take out loans from the West, since lending at 15–20% per annum is pointless. Hence, the total debt of domestic entrepreneurs amounted to $533 billion in 2011, while the accounts of the Central Bank contain gold - foreign exchange reserves in the amount of $525 billion, but the Central Bank of the Russian Federation does not have the right to lend from these funds to a domestic entrepreneur, since these funds are invested in debt US obligations.

Secondly, the volume of ruble emission in Russia does not exceed a certain level established by the Central Bank of Russia, as the difference between the base oil price rate and the profit from the sale of oil at world prices. By multiplying this difference by the exchange rate value of the ruble against the dollar, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation obtains a certain money supply that does not take into account many macroeconomic indicators within the country. But the rules of the game are set and everyone is obliged to strictly comply with this monetarist law established by the United States for Russia. At the same time, the base rate for the price of oil has disappeared somewhere, which amounts to a rather impressive amount, larger than the entire volume of rubles issued, as well as funds from the sale of other minerals and energy resources. This money almost completely disappears in Western banks and offshores, with the only exceptions being export duties and meager taxes.

Thus, the President and Prime Minister of the Russian Federation have part of the funds from the sale of oil, and at a fixed low ruble-dollar exchange rate, export duties and taxes. This is all! The remaining funds evaporated in an “unknown” direction. It’s also funny that the Reserve Fund of the Russian Federation, in the amount of 26 billion dollars, is in the accounts of the private Central Bank of Russia, and there are also funds from the National Welfare Fund in the amount of 90.9 billion dollars, placed at 6.25% per annum. This is simply a mockery of the Russian people, because even the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is 8.25% per annum. It turns out that 2% is a fee to the Board of Directors and the National Banking Council for conducting a banking operation? Apparently, it turns out that S.M. Ignatiev, as Chairman of the Board of Directors, and A.L. Kudrin, as Chairman of the NBS, divided the amount of 2.34 billion dollars, and have been doing this annually since 2008.

Another incomprehensible case with the missing funds of the Reserve Fund of the Russian Federation, which were at the disposal of the Central Bank of Russia. In 2008, there were 130 billion dollars in the accounts of the Central Bank of Russia of the Reserve Fund; in 2010, only 26 billion remained; in a year and a half, 104 billion dollars were spent. At the same time, gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Central Bank of Russia increased over the same period from 453.5 to 524.5 billion dollars, that is, by 71 billion dollars. Alexey Leonidovich Kudrin, it is quite possible that 33 billion dollars was spent on increasing the capitalization of banks and the social sphere, but how did it happen that 71 billion did not go to economic recovery, but migrated to the accounts of the private commercial Central Bank of Russia and became inaccessible to the Russian government Federation?

The greatest level of corruption and financial crimes is not in the government or among officials, but in a private commercial bank called the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

The history of this monstrous crime, under the code “Operation Central Bank of Russia,” began back in 1989, when B.N. Yeltsin visited the United States, where he “accidentally” met with George W. Bush, Sr., visited R. Reagan in the hospital and attended a meeting at the Rockefeller Club in Manhattan. Then this traitor and “agent of influence” of Western intelligence services received not only the green light for his criminal activities, but also the transfer of all Russian finances to US control. Already at the beginning of the next 1990, the Central Bank of the RSFSR (Russia) was created, the charter of which was copied from the US Federal Reserve, and at the same time B.N. Yeltsin and M.S. Gorbachev began to create a bank for “Public financing and lending of national programs”, the financing of which was provided by Banque Privee Edmond de Rothschild, a branch of the Rothschild bank in Switzerland.

The KGB of the USSR opposed such a treacherous course of affairs, organizing an unsuccessful attempt on the life of B.N. Yeltsin in Spain, when at an altitude of 3500 m all the electrical equipment and hydraulic systems of the six-seater aircraft failed. After a hard landing with the landing gear retracted, B.N. Yeltsin had a crushed vertebra, and almost complete paralysis occurred. Spanish doctors did the impossible - they put B.N. Yeltsin on his feet. The second attempt on B.N. Yeltsin occurred six months later in Moscow, when a VAZ-2102 crashed into the door of a GAZ-3102, delivering a precise blow to the passenger door. The bent stand hit B.N. Yeltsin hard on the head, but he saved himself again. The August 1991 putsch played into the hands of B.N. Yeltsin’s American masters; the “quiet” Zionist coup was completed in the country and the Central Bank of the USSR became the Central Bank of Russia. The Rothschilds gained access to printing money - rubles, gold - foreign exchange reserves and all economic objects of Russia.

Meyer-Amschel Rothschild wrote:

“Give me control over the issue of money in the state, and I don’t care who writes its laws.

This formula continues to work in Russia. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not a joint-stock bank; the Chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is appointed by the State Duma; the National Banking Council, headed by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation A.L. Kudrin, includes several deputies of the State Duma, government officials and the presidential administration. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not responsible for the debts of the state, just as the state is not responsible for the debts of the Central Bank. So what is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, who runs it, and therefore Russia? A.L. Kudrin, V.V. Putin, D.A. Medvedev or maybe S.M. Ignatiev? No, this is excluded, since the Central Bank of Russia was created by B.N. Yeltsin not for himself, not for his future successors - V.V. Putin and D.A. Medvedev, but for his overseas customers - the owners of the world banking system - the clan Rothschild, Rockefeller, Morgan and Schiff. Since 1990, this octopus has been pumping out all the economic juice from Russia, leaving our rulers - “agents of influence” - 2% of the amount of treacherously stolen wealth of the Russian people. At the same time, the leverage over our ruling elite is contained not only in their foreign accounts, but also in the US ownership of our printing press, our Central Bank.

Let us remember the recent past - the beginning of the 90s, when in the country, through the efforts of E.T. Gaidar and his American advisers, the money supply was artificially reduced, which made it impossible for industrial enterprises to operate, which were eventually forced to switch to barter servicing of manufactured products, and prices increased monthly. In such conditions, the collapse of industry and agriculture was ensured, as a result of which millions of our fellow citizens found themselves on the streets, forced to seek salvation in trade. As a result, Western banks bought industrial and mining facilities for next to nothing, and made our people poor. The 1998 default revived industry and agriculture, but ruined trade. Domestic producers began to push out imported goods from our market, and Russian entrepreneurship revived. But from this time on, one question arises - why, with a stable exchange rate of the ruble against the dollar, a saturation of goods and services, as well as a low money supply, does monthly inflation occur in the country? There is only one answer - the same process is taking place that took place in the early 90s of the last century - the increase in the capital of foreign banks and the impoverishment of our people.

What will happen to our financial system if ruble emissions tied to petrodollars decrease significantly as a result of a fall in oil prices? Or the Central Bank, on the orders of its American owners, will reduce the number of rubles, forcing the Russian government to cut social programs, close many wholesale and retail trade centers, and stop paying pensions and benefits. Or devalue the ruble, which is most likely, withdraw currency from exchange offices and accelerate inflation to astronomical proportions. The policy pursued by the Central Bank over the past 12 years was aimed precisely at such a scenario, otherwise there is simply nothing to explain the manic persistence in maintaining a fixed ruble exchange rate. However, Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation speaks of the Central Bank maintaining the stability of the ruble, but if such stability is the only direction of activity of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, then this can be regarded as a betrayal of the interests of Russia in favor of the International Monetary Fund - a private “shop” of private banks, a club for economic interests banking clan Rothschild. All activities of the Central Bank of Russia are aimed at maintaining the US dollar and the purchasing power of American households.

When the American financial pyramid bursts at the seams, then the seams will begin to be patched up by America's world vassals. Since the beginning of 2011, the Arab revolutions have been a good confirmation of this process, especially the civil war in Libya. Global instability brings income to Rothschild and Russia is next in these global games. A financial crisis in our country can begin at any time, because all the mechanisms for this are in the hands of the world behind the scenes, and our ruling elite is just a tool for carrying out the devil’s plan. There is no point in guessing who will be the next president in Russia, since the mechanism of financial disaster in our country has already been launched and at any moment a real catastrophe can break out, which will certainly acquire nationalistic overtones and street clashes. In fairness, it must be said that this version of events was developed and implemented by American political strategists; our rulers do not play any role here, they are simple executors.

Thomas Jefferson, one of the founding fathers of the United States, wrote:

If the American people ever allow private banks to control the issuance of dollars, first through inflation and then through deflation, the banks and corporations that will grow up around such a Central Bank will rob people of their property until their children wake up homeless in the land that their fathers conquered.

The Russian people and Russia, through the betrayal of B.N. Yeltsin and M.S. Gorbachev, found themselves in the economic bondage of the financial cabal of the Rothschilds, who not only print rubles and implement credit and monetary policy in Russia through the Central Bank and corrupt politicians. But they also predict devastation and economic collapse for us, in order to divide Russia into parts through cunning machinations and clashes of the human masses on nationalist grounds, destroying and enslaving the Great Country and the Great People. But we, the Russian people, must unite together and, in the face of the coming danger, clearly understand and realize the emanating danger. If we are together, if we understand the mechanisms of the treacherous plan to divide Russia, then we will become a mortal danger to all traitors and enemies of Russia and the Russian people.

Ipatiev K.F. (GRU major, retired)

Blogger vladimir (Yesterday 01:47) asked me a question to Art. “Greff does not comply with the Constitution of the Russian Federation... Whose one is he fulfilling then?” :

“Why is it problematic to answer the question of who is the owner of Sberbank? Today, the strategic and operational management of the institution is carried out simultaneously by three government bodies: the Meeting of Shareholders, the Supervisory Board and the Board of the bank. The post of Chairman of the Board belongs to German Gref.

Answer:

It is known that the main owner of Sberbank is the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

And he owns 51% of Sberbank shares, and the Central Bank of Russia, in turn, is subordinate to the US Federal Reserve, and another 25% of shares belong directly to foreigners.

Pick up any thousand ruble bill. Look at it carefully from both sides. Do you find anything unusual in this bill? Nothing? Okay, put the bill aside. Try to abstract yourself from the idea that this is money that you are used to and, when spending it, you think not about money, but about its face value. Abstracted? Well, that's good.

Look from this side

And now on the other one

Let's begin to make important discoveries for you. Firstly, on a banknote of any denomination you will not find an indication of the country where it was printed. The inscription “Ticket of the Bank of Russia” does not in any way indicate the country where this piece of paper was issued. For example, the American dollar clearly says “The United States of America.” This indicates that the bill was printed in the USA. Of course, on the “green bastard” there is an indication that this is a “Federal Reserve Note”, that is, a ticket of the Federal Reserve System, just like ours - “Ticket of the Bank of Russia”. Why is the country not indicated, because it should be written, as in the Constitution of the Russian Federation - “Russian Federation - Russia”, or at least simply “Russian Federation”, “Ticket of the Bank of Russia”. I repeat, it is not enough to indicate on the banknote who issued it; it must also indicate where (in what country) it was issued. Otherwise, it turns out that our Motherland is called “Bank of Russia”. However, this is not true either. Without indicating the country in which the banknote was printed, the Bank of Russia showed that it has nothing to do with this country!

And here he is! Compare!

Even the US Federal Reserve System (FRS) indicates the name of the Motherland on its banknotes, but we do not.

Secondly, is the Bank of Russia banknote a state banknote? Certainly! - most of our readers will answer. But, alas, this is not so. There are no traces of such a state as “Russian Federation - Russia” on any Bank of Russia banknote. Even the double-headed eagle, imitating the Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation, has nothing to do with the State Emblem. By comparing two coats of arms, you can easily find ten differences.

Find ten differences

Any Soviet banknote featured the coat of arms of the USSR, but any Russian banknote did not, although according to the law on the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Bank of Russia is a legal entity and has a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation and its name. However, yes! The bank is not state-owned, but has a seal with the image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation! Amazing metamorphosis!

So, the absence of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation on the banknote of the Bank of Russia is proof that these banknotes are not state banknotes, and the Bank of Russia is not state banknote.

Thirdly, on all Soviet banknotes (and, by the way, on all US Federal Reserve banknotes!) there is, at first glance, a “completely unnecessary” indication, namely: This banknote must be accepted throughout the entire territory of the USSR or relative to the dollar - This note is legal tender for all debts, public and private. There is no such indication on the Bank of Russia Ticket. Do you think it’s a trifle that this is provided by default? Imagine that you want to buy some product for rubles, but they tell you that you don’t have to accept rubles, pay for the product in dollars, yuan, euros, etc. Of course, you can refer to the law, but there is not even such a reference on the “Ticket of the Bank of Russia”. While you are running around and looking for a law obliging the seller to accept your “Bank of Russia Ticket”, the product you desired may already be sold to someone who did not think about the intricacies of money circulation in the country, laid out the currency and left in a good mood! It's a small thing, but unpleasant.

Tell me what the US Federal Reserve is hinting at by placing this golden nonsense on the new banknote.

Since there is no such indication, as well as the name of the country where the Bank of Russia issued this bill, such a ruble cannot in any way be called a national currency. Conclusion: “Ticket of the Bank of Russia” is the exclusive property of the “Bank of Russia”. The Bank of Russia has an exclusive monopoly right to this property.

But that's not all. The dollar issued by the US Federal Reserve is considered today to be an unsecured “green piece of paper”. However, there is something on this “piece of paper” that makes it secured at least with something. We are talking about the signatures of the Fed treasurers. In a sense, the dollar is the author's piece of paper. Our ruble is an anonymous banknote, not even backed by the signature of the federal treasury. You will again say that this is a trifle and I will again disagree with you. Is money a document? What a document! - you say. So why is this document without a signature, because this signature guarantees the most important thing - the authenticity of the banknote and the responsibility of the person who verified this authenticity.

Read carefully what the Soviet ruble was backed by

There was another very important inscription on the Soviet ruble: “State treasury notes are provided with all the property of the USSR...”. American dollars, as we already understood, are secured by the signatures of treasurers, but ask, what is the “Ticket of the Bank of Russia” secured by?

I turned this “ticket” in my hands for a long time and persistently, but I did not find a word, letter, or signature on it. Of course, “Bank of Russia Tickets” are secured by the assets of the Bank of Russia, as the bank’s website reports, but there is no mention of such security on the banknote itself. If you say that this is also a trifle, that it is clear by default, I will not agree with you. The “Bank of Russia Ticket” is a private paper, but it is official, therefore, it must contain signatures and the relevant information mentioned above.

By the way, about signatures. The story with them was told by the former head of the Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko, and someone else told him. When they started printing the new Soviet ruble, they asked Stalin whether it was worth putting signatures on these banknotes, officials of the State Bank of the USSR. Stalin allegedly replied that this could cause some difficulties, because today this comrade signed his signature, and tomorrow he was shot, so why reprint the money? So it was decided not to put the signatures of Soviet bankers on the banknotes.

If we consider that since 1998 we have had four heads of the Central Bank (Dubinin, Gerashchenko, Ignatiev (two terms in a row), Nabiullina), then it becomes clear why we do not have signatures on banknotes. Although this is not an excuse. By the way, the US dollar bears the signatures of the Secretary of the Treasury and the US Treasurer, if translated literally.

Many banknotes of the former Soviet republics have signatures, but there are no signatures on Russian, Kazakh, and Belarusian currencies. But this is just for reference.

However, that's not all. It is written on the “Bank of Russia Ticket” that counterfeiting “Bank of Russia Tickets” is punishable by law. The state, which has no relation to the Bank of Russia as a private bank, severely punishes such acts. It is not worth counterfeiting private bank notes; for this you can get from five to fifteen years, however, the state prosecution in court will act on the side of the private organization and will act very harshly. If during the Soviet era counterfeiting was considered a crime against the state, then in the Russian Federation today this act is qualified as a crime in the sphere of economic activity. This is an obvious mitigation, but this does not reduce the severity of the punishment. In tsarist Russia, for such acts, people were deprived of all rights to their fortune and sent to hard labor. In the USSR they could have been shot, in the Russian Federation they give a maximum of 15 years.

So, an analysis of the Bank of Russia banknotes showed that the monopolist of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation has the right to issue banknotes. The state has nothing to do with the issue of banknotes. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not subordinate to the state, and, therefore, is a private organization. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation has a chairman. Today this is Elvira Nabiullina, as well as a board of directors consisting of 11 people. It includes, along with others, the former head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation Sergei Ignatiev.

The Central Bank is not an LLC, not a CJSC, not an OJSC. However, it is being built as a private company. The bank's 11 top managers work under the leadership of the chairman.

Let's look briefly at these contradictions.

The first contradiction.

The authorized capital and property of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation constitute federal property. The Central Bank carries out operational management of this property. However, the Central Bank is not responsible for the obligations of the state and, conversely, the state is not responsible for the obligations of the Central Bank.

The second contradiction.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not financed from the state budget and earns money itself, covering its expenses from the income received. However, according to the law, making a profit is not the purpose of the Bank of Russia. Its main task is to protect and maintain the stability of the Russian ruble.

Third contradiction.

Since the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is not a government body, it sets wages for its employees independently, like any commercial bank. The Board of Directors of the bank will appoint as many as they wish.

The fourth contradiction.

Employees of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation are not government employees, because our bank is not subordinate to the state, therefore, they are not required to file income declarations.

Fifth contradiction.

Regulatory documents of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, which is not a government body, are mandatory for execution by all government bodies, local governments, legal entities and individuals. By the way, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the right to publish laws in the Russian Federation that are binding for execution is exclusively the State Duma of the Russian Federation. However, this does not apply to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Sixth contradiction.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation does not have the right to participate in the capital of credit organizations, but this does not apply to Sberbank. The Central Bank of the Russian Federation is the holder of 50% of the authorized capital plus one voting share of Sberbank. Therefore, Sberbank is considered a bank with state participation, although the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, as we already know, is not a government body.

Seventh contradiction.

As part of foreign exchange regulation and foreign exchange control of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, exporters are required to exchange part of their foreign exchange earnings with the Central Bank for rubles. There are other restrictions, but these are the most important.

The exporter is obliged to sell 50% of foreign exchange earnings to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, at the rate established by the Central Bank.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation today is not the State Bank of the USSR - it is not subordinate to the government, and not the Federal Reserve System - because, in some roundabout way, it is still connected with the state. For example, in our country the head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is represented by the President of the Russian Federation, and approved by the State Duma. Question: who benefits from this quasi-state status of the Bank of Russia?

Probably to the same owner, whose name we do not know. But we can at least get on his trail if we analyze how the financial system works in Russia, which is personified by its Central Bank.

Citizens of the Russian Federation must understand once and for all that the money they use as a means of payment is not printed by the state “Russian Federation - Russia”, that this money has nothing in common with state money. The printing press and the exclusive right to issue money are at the complete disposal of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

On any banknote printed by the Central Bank there is no inscription about what it is backed by. One gets the impression that the ruble is a piece of paper, thanks to which, in some incomprehensible way, you can buy something.

But, you must admit, this doesn’t happen. What is it really like? But in fact, the number of dollars the Central Bank of the Russian Federation can buy from the Fed, the number of rubles it can print. Therefore, if suddenly tomorrow the dollar goes into a steep dive and falls, flattening on the ground, the ruble will fall for some time before it.

At the very beginning of the 90s, when the political system was changing in Russia, we became very close friends with the United States. The Americans gave us the most precious thing they had. No, not the dollar, but democracy. True, not the kind we would like, and the one that would suit us, namely our own - American. This democracy came with at least two “bonuses” - a constitution copied from the US Constitution and slightly edited, and a draft Central Bank - an ugly copy of the Fed. In the second case, “our good friends” were guided by a principle erroneously attributed to Mayer Amschel Rothschild: “Let me manage the country’s money, and I don’t care who makes the laws there.”

This phrase very accurately characterizes the activities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Readers could see that this is so by reading the first part of the investigation.

The fact that the US Federal Reserve stood at the origins of the Bank of Russia is evidenced not only by our “strong friendship” in the early 90s, but by the very fact of the independence of this institution from the state. This is a purely American invention. For Russia, this is hard to imagine. The State Bank, created back in Imperial Russia, smoothly migrated to Soviet Russia, receiving its name - the State Bank of the USSR. Russia is characterized by centralization of management, when the state concentrates in its hands not only the army, but also the printing press. However, the point is not even that the Central Bank must necessarily obey the state. In many developed countries of the world, the central bank is not state-owned. Much more important is what policy the central bank pursues in a particular state and who it serves.

Here, for example, is how the US Federal Reserve operates today. In 1913, a group of bankers obtained the exclusive right to print dollars from the US government. I achieved it, I must say, with great difficulty. This happened under US President Woodrow Wilson. Probably as a sign of deep gratitude to this statesman, the Federal Reserve issued a bill worth $100,000. It is interesting that a banknote of this denomination was issued in 1934-1935, never appeared in free circulation and was used exclusively for internal payments between Federal Reserve banks.

As in modern Russia, in the United States dollars are printed not by the state, but by the Federal Reserve. After printing dollars, the Fed lends them to the US government. Not just like that. The government provides collateral to the Fed in the form of low-interest, but reliable, Treasury bills. The Fed, in turn, is trading them left and right. Corporate stocks and bonds are also in circulation. As of June 2008, the value of US securities in foreign hands was $10.3 trillion, in US government bonds ($3.6 trillion), corporate stocks ($3 trillion) and bonds ($2.8 trillion).

The Fed and the US government act like two “communicating vessels.” By issuing dollars to the government, the Fed increases its profits, and the government increases its debts, including foreign ones.

Today this debt has already reached an astronomical amount and continues to grow. The government is unable to pay off such a huge debt right away, so it only pays off the interest, but to do this it again borrows from the Fed. True, there is also convenience: you can repay the debt in the same currency in which it was taken out.

Those American presidents who managed to understand the destructiveness of such a system and tried to change it paid dearly for it. John Kennedy - with his life, Richard Nixon - with the presidency. Since then, not a single American president has dared to encroach on the Fed’s right to “print green paper.”

Once upon a time, the US dollar was backed by gold, but bankers from the Federal Reserve were able to “overcome” this annoying obstacle by achieving the abolition of the gold standard. Since then, the “green bastard” is, in fact, ordinary cut paper, the cost of each bill is a few cents.

The abandonment of gold backing allowed the “masters of money” to print dollars in any quantity.

Of course, having received this right, the Fed, through international financial institutions (for example, the IMF) and the central banks of other countries, are actively distributing “cut paper” throughout the world. For this paper, the whole world sells to the United States the most valuable thing it has: resources, goods, brains, etc.

Central banks in other countries, created in the image and likeness of the Fed, try to behave like their masters. But there are some nuances.

Our central bank, as we know, is endowed with the exclusive right to print rubles, but unlike the Fed, it does not issue them to the Russian government even at interest. In order for these rubles to enter our economy, it is necessary to sell some goods on the world market. Of course, this product can only be sold for dollars. These dollars end up on the world currency exchange. This is where the Bank of Russia buys them. But even after this, he is in no hurry to channel them into the national economy. He diligently puts them into the so-called gold and foreign exchange reserves (GFR) and only prints rubles according to the amount of these reserves. For example, they sold goods for 100 dollars, and if the exchange rate was 50 rubles per dollar, they printed 5,000 rubles.

By the way, the Central Bank sets the dollar exchange rate independently, but not in the interests of its country, but in the interests of the “owners of the money.” This “interest” is not difficult to understand. Whether these “masters” want to bring down the economy of any country, eliminate a leader, change the policy of any state, they don’t have to go far: for this there are obedient and faithful central banks in all countries dependent on the dollar.

Once upon a time, the former chairman of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, Sergei Ignatiev, was invited to the Federation Council and they began to ask him basic questions. If you want to laugh at how the main banker of the Motherland answered these questions, watch the video at this link:. Perhaps this is why, no matter how the State Duma deputies called for Elvira Nabiullina to come to Okhotny Ryad, she never came.

He was never able to answer the question why, while tirelessly fighting inflation, the Central Bank cannot ensure economic growth?

And we will return to the secrets. The Central Bank considers the fight against inflation to be its main task. He will fight it to the last stone that remains after the Russian economy. The fight against inflation, at first glance, seems like a noble cause. Why, ordinary citizens will say, the ruble should not depreciate. And only a few know that the Central Bank is fighting inflation solely to ensure that there are no more rubles in the country than dollars. All! This fight against inflation does not pursue any other goals.

Especially hardened “liberals” believe that printing rubles will certainly lead to inflation, therefore, they say, we cannot increase the ruble supply. But they learned this truth exclusively from economics comics. It’s one thing to print rubles and throw them on the market, another thing to give them to production in the form of a loan, exclusively for production purposes and under the control of a bank.

The entire producing economy of Russia is groaning because there are no rubles in the Motherland. Why aren't there any? Because they are connected by a dollar and there cannot be more of them than dollars. Who benefits from this? This is beneficial to the owners of the money. They are not interested in the country developing. By tying the national currency to the dollar, they will already get everything they want: resources, inventions, brains, and even governments.

In such conditions, this particular form of organization of the Central Bank is ideal for the owners of money, because the bank is not controlled and accountable to the government of the Russian Federation, but it is controlled and accountable to the owners of money.

There will be no coup or revolution in Russia as long as this system exists, as long as the dollar rules the roost. But it is inevitable if the national government decides to refuse the services of the “green bastard.”

The first time the Fed disrupted national economies and national currencies was as a result of World War I. In countries that were defeated (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Russia), national currencies collapsed. The fall of empires sank the golden Russian ruble, the gold imperial mark of Germany, the hard shilling of Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman lira. National monetary systems were destroyed. Remember the hyperinflation that could be observed in both Germany and Russia at the very beginning of the 20s.

As a result of the First World War, two reserve world currencies appeared on the scene - the dollar and the British pound. But already in 1944 the Bretton Woods Agreement was concluded, when only the dollar appeared on the scene.

There was a cold war between the USSR and the USA, but it was not a war of ideologies, it was a war of money. Unfortunately, the ruble lost this war. In the early 90s, the “green bastard” finally broke through our borders and, through the reform of the Central Bank, subjugated the economy of the former USSR, turning it into the economy of a colony.

Let us repeat: the status that allows the Central Bank of the Russian Federation not to be responsible to the state is beneficial exclusively to the owners of the money.

One of the greats joked, saying that every country has “its own Vatican.” The Central Bank is such a state within a state. And the point is not that he necessarily needs to be made dependent or subordinate to the government. It needs to be reformatted so that it stops serving the owners of money and starts serving its people.

Central Bank of the Russian Federation: who established it and when?

They say that the registration statements say 1990, but the founder was the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, which did not exist then.

I don’t even know whether this question should be addressed to economists, or to lawyers (or to the Prosecutor General?)

from the Central Bank website:

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) was established on July 13, 1990 on the basis of the Russian Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR. Accountable to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, it was originally called the State Bank of the RSFSR.

On December 2, 1990, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR adopted the Law on the Central Bank of the RSFSR (Bank of Russia), according to which the Bank of Russia was a legal entity, the main bank of the RSFSR and was accountable to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. The law defined the functions of the bank in the field of organizing monetary circulation, monetary credit regulation, foreign economic activity and regulation of the activities of joint-stock and cooperative banks.

In June 1991, the Charter of the Central Bank of the RSFSR (Bank of Russia, reporting to the Supreme Council of the RSFSR) was approved.

In November 1991, in connection with the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the abolition of union structures, the Supreme Court of the RSFSR declared the Central Bank of the RSFSR to be the only body on the territory of the RSFSR for state monetary and currency regulation of the republic's economy. It was entrusted with the functions of the State Bank of the USSR in issuing and determining the exchange rate of the ruble. The Central Bank of the RSFSR was instructed to take into its full economic jurisdiction and management the material and technical base and other resources of the State Bank of the USSR, the network of its institutions, enterprises and organizations, before January 1, 1992.

The Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) was established on July 13, 1990 on the basis of the Russian Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR.

Founded by WHO?

There was the USSR, the Constitution of the USSR was in force, and the laws certainly prohibited the republican branch of the State Bank from renaming itself, adopting its own rules - changing subordination from the State Bank of the Union to the Armed Forces of one republic.

Fantastic scam. This crime has no statute of limitations, and the legal successor of the USSR must investigate. The Republican Council took and robbed the Union State Bank - it removed the regional branch from subordination.

State treason, of which there were many then

Now attention! Who is the founder of the Bank of Russia?

Neither the great Gugul nor the powerful Yaedex know the answer to this question. The legislation of the Russian Federation on the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is extremely confusing and contradictory. These contradictions did not arise yesterday, but no one is going to eliminate them. Probably because this status of the Central Bank suits its owner quite well.

The owner of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation is unknown, but his power is limitless.

In other words, all this: