Murom Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery (“Spassky on the Bor”) is a monastery located in the city of Murom, on the left bank of the Oka River. The oldest monastic monastery in Rus' was founded by Prince Gleb (the first Russian saint, the son of the Baptist of Rus', the great Prince of Kyiv Vladimir). Having received the city of Murom as his inheritance, the holy prince founded a princely court higher up the Oka River, on a steep, forested bank. Here he built a temple in the name of the All-Merciful Savior, and then a monastic monastery.

The monastery is mentioned by chronicle sources earlier than all other monasteries on the territory of Russia and appears in the “Tale of Bygone Years” under 1096 in connection with the death of Prince Izyaslav Vladimirovich under the walls of Murom.

Many saints stayed within the walls of the monastery: St. Basil, Bishop of Ryazan and Murom, holy noble princes Peter and Fevronia, Murom wonderworkers, Venerable. Seraphim of Sarov visited his companion, the holy elder of the Spassky Monastery, Anthony Groshovnik.

One page of the monastery's history is connected with Tsar Ivan the Terrible. In 1552, Grozny marched on Kazan. One of the routes of his army lay through Murom. In Murom, the king held a review of his army: from the high left bank he watched as the warriors crossed to the right bank of the Oka. There, Ivan the Terrible made a vow: if he takes Kazan, he will build a stone temple in Murom. And he kept his word. By his decree, the Spassky Cathedral of the monastery was erected in the city in 1555. The sovereign donated church utensils, vestments, icons and books to the new temple. In the second half of the 17th century, the second warm stone Church of the Intercession was built in the monastery.

Not in the best possible way The life of the monastery was affected by the reign of Catherine the Great - she issued a Decree according to which the monasteries were deprived of property and land plots. But Spaso-Preobrazhensky survived. In 1878, the icon of the Mother of God “Quick to Hear” was brought to the monastery by the rector, Archimandrite Anthony, from Holy Mount Athos. Since then, it has become the main shrine of the monastery.

After the revolution of 1917, the reason for the closure of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery was the accusation of its rector, Bishop Mitrofan (Zagorsky) of Murom, of complicity in the uprising that occurred in Murom on July 8-9, 1918. Since January 1929, the Spassky Monastery was occupied by the military and partly by the NKVD department, at the same time the destruction of the monastery necropolis began, and access to its territory for civilians was stopped.

In the spring of 1995, military unit No. 22165 left the premises of the Spassky Monastery. Hieromonk Kirill (Epifanov) was appointed vicar of the reviving monastery, who was met with complete devastation in the ancient monastery. In 2000-2009, the monastery was thoroughly restored with the support of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

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Tourist routes of the “Golden Ring” pass through ancient Russian cities, where unique monuments of the history and culture of Russia have been preserved, which are the center folk crafts. The Golden Ring includes eight main cities - Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal and Vladimir.

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SERGIEV POSAD

Named in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh, who founded the Trinity Monastery. Ivan the Terrible was baptized in the monastery.

The monastery ensemble is made of brick and is a classic example of Pskov architecture; it includes more than 50 different buildings.

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Trinity-Sergius Lavra

From 1919 to 1946 the monastery was closed. Today the Lavra is a functioning monastery, the spiritual center of Orthodox Russia. On the territory of the monastery there are the Theological Academy and Seminary and a museum-reserve.

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• Elias Church
• Ascension Church
• Assumption Church

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  Pereslavl-Zalessky

  The city was founded in 1152 at the intersection of trade routes by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The name of the city is translated from Old Russian as “taking over glory.”

  The most famous Pereslavl prince was Alexander Nevsky.

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  Rostov belfry

  It is a property of world culture. It consists of 13 bells, which have their own special sound.

  The largest bell weighs 32 tons.

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  Spaso-Yakovlevsky Monastery

  Located on the western outskirts of the city, on the shores of Lake Nero. The panorama of the monastery with a combination of architectural forms of different styles gives the impression of a fairy-tale miracle city perfectly integrated into the lakeside landscape.

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  Yaroslavl

  The city is older than Moscow and bears the name of Yaroslav the Wise. According to legend, the prince killed a bear in a ravine, which was worshiped by the local pagan population, and built the first wooden city in this place, and the bear with an ax became the coat of arms of the city.

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  Spassky Monastery

  The ensemble of the monastery includes: the fence and towers, the Holy Gate, the Transfiguration Cathedral, the Church of the Yaroslavl Wonderworkers, the refectory and abbot's chambers, the belfry, the sacristy, and the building of monastic cells.

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  Kostroma

  It was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. According to legend, robbers were hiding in impenetrable forests, from whom “there was no way at all.” Yuri Dolgoruky dealt with the robbers. And on the scorched earth the city of Kostroma appeared.

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  Ipatiev Monastery.

  The territory of the monastery consists of two parts: the Old and New Town. Both areas are surrounded by high stone walls. The old city has the shape of an irregular pentagon. In the center of the monastery there is a five-domed Trinity Cathedral and a belfry.

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  In 1773 During the fire, all wooden buildings burned down. Catherine II wished to see Kostroma as her unfurled fan.

  Shopping arcades

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  Ivanovo

  Ivanovo was founded in 1871 with the merger of the village of Ivanovo and Voznesensky Posad. The city is famous for its industry, educational institutions and revolutionary history.

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  • Shchudrovskaya tent
  • Convent
  • Wooden Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
  • House-ship

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  The city has a happy and significant destiny in the history of the country. It was destroyed more than once, it suffered from fires and epidemics, but was revived to life. There was not a single major historical event in Russia in which Suzdal or its citizens did not participate.

  The symbol of the city is the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery

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  Suzdal Kremlin

  Located in the bend of the Kamenka River. It preserved the earthen ramparts and ditches of the ancient fortress, several churches and the ensemble of the bishop's courtyard with the Nativity Cathedral.

  Today, one of the exhibitions of the Vladimir-Suzdal Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve is located in the Golden Gate building.

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  Dmitrievsky Cathedral

  It is decorated with carvings and sculptures, the main theme of which is the glorification of wise power.

  Many symbolic figures are depicted, with lions and griffins predominating. Russian and Byzantine masters worked.

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  The Golden Ring of Russia is a timeless, always relevant route that tells about

  stories Russian state, shows unique historical and architectural monuments. The Golden Ring is a repository of Russian cultural heritage that needs to be preserved.

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Solovetsky Monastery - an independent monastery of Russian Orthodox Church. It is located in the White Sea on the Solovetsky Islands. The foundation of the monastery dates back to the 40s of the 15th century, when the Monk Zosima and his friend chose Bolshoi Solovetsky Island as their place of residence. He made such a choice not by chance - the monk saw a church of unprecedented beauty.

Recognizing his dream as a sign from above, Zosima began building a wooden temple with a chapel and a refectory. With its construction he honored the Transfiguration of the Lord. After a short period of time, Zosima and German built a church. With the appearance of these two buildings, which later became the main ones, the arrangement of the monastery territory began. Subsequently, the Archbishop of Novgorod issued a document to the monastery confirming its eternal ownership of the Solovetsky Islands.

The Holy Vvedenskaya Optina Hermitage is stauropegic monastery, whose servants are male monks. Its creator was the robber Opta, or Optia, who at the end of the 14th century. repented of his actions and accepted monasticism. As a clergyman he was known under the name Macarius. In 1821, a monastery was established at the monastery. It was inhabited by the so-called hermits - these are people who spent many years in complete solitude. The mentor of the monastery was the “elder”. Over time, Optina Pustyn turned into one of the leading spiritual centers. Thanks to numerous donations, its territory was replenished with new stone buildings, a mill and land. Today the monastery is considered a historical monument and has a different name - “Museum of Optina Pustyn”. In 1987, it was included in the list of objects of the Russian Orthodox Church.

The Novodevichy Convent, built in the 16th century, was at that time located on Samsonov Meadow. Nowadays this area is called the Maiden Field. The cathedral church at the monastery was built in the likeness of the Assumption Cathedral - the “neighbor” of the Moscow Kremlin. The monastery walls and towers were built in the 16th – 17th centuries. In general, the architecture of the monastery conveys the “Moscow Baroque” style. The monastery owes its fame to the Godunov family. Boris Godunov lived here before his election as king with his sister Irina. Irina Godunova took monastic vows with the name Alexander and lived in separate chambers with a wooden tower. At the end of the 16th century. The territory of the monastery was replenished with stone walls and a dozen towers. In appearance, they resembled Kremlin buildings (there were square towers in the walls, and round ones in the corners). Their upper parts were decorated with teeth. Today the Novodevichy Convent combines both a museum and a monastery.

The Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery is located on the shores of Lake Siverskoye. It owes its appearance to St. Cyril, who founded it in 1397. Construction began with the arrangement of a cell-cave and the installation of a wooden cross over it. In the same year, the illumination of the first shrine took place - it was a wooden church built in the name of the Assumption Holy Mother of God. By 1427, there were about 50 monks in the monastery. In the first half of the 16th century. begins at the monastery new life- All Moscow nobles and kings began to regularly come to it on pilgrimage. Thanks to their rich donations, the monks quickly built up the monastery with stone buildings. Its main attraction is the Assumption Cathedral. Appearing in 1497, it became the first stone building in the North. The monastery complex underwent various architectural changes until 1761.

The Valaam Monastery is a stauropegic institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which occupied the islands of the Valaam archipelago (Karelia). The first mentions of it are found in chronicles of the 14th century. Thus, “The Legend of the Valaam Monastery” informs about the date of its foundation - 1407. Within a couple of centuries, 600 souls of monks lived in the monastery, however, due to repeated invasions by Swedish troops, the island began to decline. After another 100 years, the territory of the monastery began to be filled with cell buildings and auxiliary premises. But the main buildings of the monastery courtyard were the Assumption Church and the Transfiguration Cathedral. Wanting to create the New Jerusalem from their own monastery, the Valaam ascetics used the names of the New Testament period when arranging its sites. Over the years of its existence, the monastery has undergone many changes, and to this day it remains one of the attractive historical monuments of Russia.

The Alexander Nevsky Lavra was founded in 1710 at the junction of the Monastyrka River with the Neva. The decision to build it was made by Peter I himself, who wished to perpetuate the victory over the Swedes in 1240 and 1704 in this area. In the 13th century. Alexander Nevsky fought against hordes of Swedes, so he was subsequently canonized for good deeds before the Fatherland. The monastery built in his honor was popularly called the Alexander Temple, and with its construction the expansion of the territory of the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Monastery, or Lavra, began. It is noteworthy that the monastery buildings were located “at rest”, i.e. in the shape of the letter “P” and were decorated with churches in the corners. The landscaping of the yard consisted of a garden with a flower bed. The main holiday of the Lavra is the day of September 12 - it was on this date, back in 1724, that the holy relics of Alexander Nevsky were transferred.

Trinity-Sergius Lavra

The Trinity-Sergius Lavra was founded in the first half of the 14th century. Venerable Sergius Radonezh, the son of an impoverished nobleman. According to the clergyman’s plan, the monastery courtyard was arranged in the form of a quadrangle, in the center of which the wooden Trinity Cathedral rose above the cells. The monastery was fenced with a wooden fence. Above the gate there was a small church honoring St. Dmitry Solunsky. Later, all other monasteries adopted this architectural plan, which confirmed the opinion that Sergius was “the head and teacher of all monasteries in Rus'.” Over time, the Holy Spirit Church appeared near the Trinity Cathedral, the building of which combined a temple and a bell tower (“like the bells”). Since 1744, the majestic monastery was renamed Lavra.

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery is a monastic monastery in Murom, founded by the passion-bearer prince Gleb. Having received the city as an inheritance, he did not want to settle among the pagans, so he decided to establish a princely court above the Oka. Having chosen a suitable place, Gleb of Murom built his first temple on it - this is how he immortalized the name of the All-Merciful Savior. Later he added a monastic monastery to it (the premises were used to educate the Murom people). According to the chronicle, the “monastery of the Savior on the forest” appeared in 1096. Since then, many clergy and miracle workers have visited its walls. Over time, the Spassky Cathedral appeared on the territory of the monastery - through its construction, Ivan the Terrible immortalized the date of the capture of Kazan. To furnish the premises of the new temple, the tsar allocated icons, church utensils and literature, and clothing for ministers. The Church of the Intercession with chambers, a bakery, a flour shed and a cookhouse was built in the second half of the 17th century.

Seraphim-Diveevo Monastery is a convent founded in the 2nd half of the 18th century. At Mother Alexandra's own expense, the foundation of the Kazan Church was first laid. Pachomius, a master famous for the construction of the Sarov Desert, was in charge of its consecration as construction was completed. The church premises were equipped with 2 chapels - in the name of Archdeacon Stephen and St. Nicholas. Then the Trinity and Transfiguration Cathedrals appeared in Diveevo. The latter was built with substantial donations, because reinforced concrete was used in its construction for the first time (previously such material had not been used in the construction of shrines). But the main temple here is considered to be the Trinity Cathedral, in which the relics of Seraphim of Sarov rest. Everyone who wants to receive grace-filled help and healing specially gathers at the shrine with the relics of the monk.

Making a trip to the monastery, to the source of spiritual and moral purity, many seem to rediscover the world. Every monastery has its own history, not similar to others. Novospassky Monastery Danilov Monastery Nativity Monastery. Andronevsky Monastery

Theme of the excursion: “PRISONERS OF MOSCOW MONASTERIES” Monastic legends and traditions, the history of their creation, mysterious destinies, mysteries hidden behind the thick walls of convents. View of the Nativity Monastery Artist Alexander Kosnichev In the Museum of the Novodevichy Convent

Saburova Solomonia Yurievna (ca. December 1542) first wife of Grand Duke Vasily III. Daughter of nobleman Yuri Ivanovich Saburov. She lost her mother early and was raised by her aunt, Evdokia Ivanovna (father’s sister). She was distinguished by her kindness and piety. In 1505, Vasily Ioannovich married Solomonia. She was chosen from 1,500 girls presented to the court for this purpose from all over the country. The marriage was childless. After 20 years of marriage, Vasily III divorced Solomonia. In 1525, Solomonia was forcibly brought to the Moscow Nativity Monastery and tonsured with the name Sophia, and later she was imprisoned in the Intercession Monastery in Suzdal. There is a legend that Solomonia was pregnant at the time of her tonsure and already in the monastery gave birth to a boy, whom she placed in safe hands, and she herself announced that the newborn had died. According to legend, the grown son of Solomonia became, famous robber Kudeyar, about whom the “Song of the Twelve Thieves” was composed. Ivan the Terrible was very interested in this story; he demanded all the archives related to the Solomonia case. So says the legend. However, during the reconstruction of the monastery in 1934, a secret burial was discovered, in which there was a rag doll dressed in little undershirts embroidered with pearls. Vasily III Ivanovich

Anna Ivanovna Koltovskaya - queen, 4th wife of Ivan the Terrible, daughter of the Moscow nobleman I. A. Koltovsky. Ivan the Terrible married 18-year-old Anna and lived with her for 3 years. Since Anna behaved very independently in relation to the tsar’s immediate oprichnina circle, and many oprichninas were executed with her assistance, the oprichnina elite, by order of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, imprisoned her in the Nativity Monastery in 1575. There the queen was forcibly tonsured under the name of Daria; The tonsure ceremony was led by Malyuta Skuratov-Belsky. However, Ivan did not stop there, and on the same day she was tonsured as a schema nun, putting on her schema a black coarse cassock with a white skull on the chest, which meant the death of all earthly joys for the tonsured one and loneliness until the last day of her life. Schema nun Daria was taken to an underground cell, where she remained alone for many years. After Ivan’s death, she was released from the dungeon, but she continued to remain in the monastery and died in August 1626, thus outliving her crowned husband by more than forty years. Ivan the Terrible

Monastery gate. Cathedral of John the Baptist (gg.) Ivanovo Monastery is one of the most mysterious and enigmatic monasteries in Moscow. The mysterious nun Dosifeya is the legendary princess Tarakanova. Who is she an impostor or heir to the Russian throne? “The Murderer and the Bloodsucker” - Saltychikha. Khlystov’s “Virgin Mother” - Anastasia. Mysterious clairvoyant Martha. The wives of Tsarevich Ivan - the son of I. the Terrible.

Saltykova Daria Nikolaevna (or 1801, Moscow), known as “Saltychikhas” and “cannibals”. Landowner of the Podolsk district of the Moscow province. Over the course of 7 years, she tortured to death 139 souls, mostly women, including several little girls. The main reason for her anger was unclean washing of clothes or floors. In 1768 she was sentenced to death, which was commuted to life imprisonment in a monastery prison. A demonstrative civil execution was carried out in Moscow, Saltychikha was elevated to the scaffold, chained to a pole, and a sheet of paper was hung around her neck with the inscription: “torturer and murderer,” and after standing for an hour, she was imprisoned in an underground prison in the Ivanovo Moscow nunnery , where she sat until 1779 under the arches of the church, and then until her death in a dungeon attached to the wall of the temple. She never showed any remorse. Saltykova Daria Nikolaevna

Schema-nun Martha was buried in the monastery, known for her pious life, hidden under the guise of foolishness. Her ashes rest under the church, at the western pillar, where her tomb was surrounded by order of Metropolitan Philaret. Schema-nun Martha is known as a pattern maker. Pregnant women came to her grave to serve requiem services and received help. Nothing is known about her origin or her lifestyle. The following inscription is stamped on the top slab of her grave: “On the 1st day of March 7146 (1638), in memory of the holy martyr Evdokia, the servant of God, the maiden Daria, reposed in the nuns of the schema-monster Martha the Fool.” John the Baptist Monastery

K. Flavitsky. “Princess Tarakanova in the Peter and Paul Fortress during the flood.” At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries, another mysterious recluse was kept in the monastery, according to legend - the natural daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna from a secret morganatic marriage with Count Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky. By order of Catherine II, in 1785, the daughter of Elizabeth Petrovna was brought from abroad, presented to the empress and “for the good of Russia” she was tonsured into monasticism with the name Dosithea. The royal nun was kept in strict seclusion for about 25 years. She turned her involuntary retreat into the salvation of her soul and the souls of those neighbors who came to her with faith for help. After the death of Catherine II, people began to be allowed to visit Elder Dosithea Tarakanova, and then the gifts of prayer and insight were revealed to the world, which the Lord generously bestowed on the humble nun, who accepted her cross from the hand of God. Dosifeya Tarakanova

Novodevichy Convent is the most beautiful and aristocratic monastery in Moscow. The secrets of the life and death of monastery prisoners, former royal wives, daughters and daughters-in-law, forcibly tonsured into this prestigious monastery. (Evdokia Lopukhina, Sofia Miloslavskaya, Irina Godunova) and others. St. Ambrose Church with the chambers of Irina Godunova (XVI-XVII centuries) Church of the Transfiguration (c.) Smolensk Cathedral (c.) Monastery fence (southern wall).

Sofya Alekseevna, ruler of Russia, daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from his marriage to M.I. Miloslavskaya. Ivan V Alekseevich was proclaimed the “first” tsar, and Peter I the “second”, Sophia became regent under both tsars on May 29. Sophia actually headed the government. In 1689 there was a break between Sophia and the boyar-noble group that supported Peter I. The party of Peter I won. Sofya Alekseevna was imprisoned in the Novodevichy Convent. During the Streletsky uprising of 1698, Sophia’s supporters intended to “call” her to the throne. After the suppression of the uprising, Sofya Alekseevna was tonsured under the name of Susanna. Peter ordered several corpses of executed archers to be hanged in front of the windows of her cell. Sophia remained in the Novodevichy Convent, she was kept there under the strictest supervision. Sophia died in 1704. Sofya Alekseevna, Tsarevna Tsarevna Sofya. Artist I.E. Repin

Irina Fedorovna Godunova is the sister of Boris Godunov and the wife of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. Her marriage to Fyodor Ioannovich took place at the behest of Grozny in 1580 and served as a new step for the rise of Godunov, whose influence on Fyodor Ioannovich was largely based on the latter’s love for Irina. However, Godunov’s opponents, the Shuiskys, decided to eliminate Irina and thus undermine Boris’s influence: they decided to ask Tsar Fedor to divorce Irina due to her infertility. Godunov, however, found out about him in advance and upset him. After the death of Fyodor Ioannovich (January 7, 1598), the boyars, fearing the disasters of the interregnum, decided to swear allegiance to Irina, but on the ninth day after the death of her husband she retired to the Novodevichy Convent and took monastic vows there, taking the name Alexandra; Until the election of Boris as tsar, the boyar duma issued decrees on behalf of “Queen Alexandra.” She died in St. Ambrose Church, refectory, chambers of Irina Godunova, XVI - XVII centuries.

Evdokia Fedorovna (Praskovya Illarionovna), queen, first wife (from January 27, 1689) of Peter I, daughter of boyar Lopukhin. Three sons were born from this marriage: two died in infancy; in 1690, Tsarevich Alexei gave birth. Peter quickly lost interest in Evdokia, did not like her relatives, adherents of antiquity, and soon became close to the beauty of the German settlement, Anna Mons. In 1696 Peter from London instructed L. Naryshkin to persuade Evdokia to cut her hair. Evdokia did not agree; stood firmly for her rights, but in 1698 she was forcibly tonsured in the Suzdal-Pokrovsky Monastery under the name of Elena, six months later she took off her cassock and began to live as a laywoman; was in connection with Major Glebov. With the accession of Peter II, she moved to Moscow and lived in the Novodevichy Convent. There is evidence that, having outlived Peter II, Evdokia Feodorovna refused the throne offered to her by members of the Supreme Privy Council. She died in 1731 during the reign of the empress, surrounded by honor. She was buried in the cathedral church of the Novodevichy Convent. Evdokia Fedorovna

References. 1. M.A. Ilyin. MOSCOW. "Art", Moscow, MOSCOW. Tourist Atlas. GUGK under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Moscow, 1989 3. L.V. Tsyurik NOVODEVICHY MONASTERY, "Soviet Russia", Moscow, 1970 5. Gadamer H.-G. Truth and Method. - M., Eliade M. Sacred and secular. - M, S Novalis G. von O. Fragments. Students in Sais. - St. Petersburg, S Encyclopedia of symbols, signs, emblems. - M., Florensky P. A. Iconostasis. - M., Shikman A.P. Figures of Russian history. Biographical reference book. Moscow, 1997 11. Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron. T. 31 (61). – St. Petersburg, 1900.