Nutrition after gastric cancer surgery is an integral component not only during the rehabilitation period, but throughout the rest of the patient’s life. The basic principle of the diet is that the patient should eat meals in fractional parts at least five times a day. Menu development should be done exclusively by a nutritionist for each case on an individual basis.

How to gain weight

After removal of the stomach, patients experience difficulty maintaining normal body weight. As a rule, weight loss is observed after gastrectomy. If there is a lack of appetite, then the person will be advised to follow certain rules that will help gain the missing weight and return it to normal.

First of all, you need to make sure that appearance The food was as attractive as possible. For this dish you can decorate with slices of lemon, tomato or various herbs.

It is noted that drinking a small amount of cognac or an aperitif helps increase appetite. However, before taking alcoholic beverages, it is necessary to consult with your doctor, who will determine the possibility of taking alcoholic beverages.

Often the odors that arise during cooking become the cause of disgust from food. In such cases, you need to make sure that someone close to you prepares the food. As an option, you can try eating chilled, beautifully decorated dishes.

Since appetite often changes depending on your mood, you need to try to keep it good for as long as possible. To do this, the menu should have more favorite, but at the same time, permitted cooking recipes.

In order not to lose weight, you can try to change your usual and already boring environment, for example, eat not in the kitchen, but in the room.

In some cases, to stimulate appetite, specialists prescribe special drugs to patients after removal of part of the stomach - the hormone medroxyprogesterone or steroids in small doses.

An increase in body weight is also facilitated by the presence of large amounts of protein and high-calorie foods in food. Your doctor may prescribe protein powders.

Nutrition Goals

The main task of the diet in the postoperative period after resection or gastrectomy is to minimize the load on the organs of the digestive system. In addition, after surgery, the patient must receive the required amount of vitamins, nutrients and other nutrients, which can only be provided with a properly formulated diet.

In addition, if you follow proper nutrition, the severity of symptoms decreases and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized.

Principles

Nutrition after gastric resection for cancer involves adherence to a number of general simple principles.

In the first two days after surgery, intensive therapy is carried out, during which the patient is allowed to eat only through the intravenous administration of special solutions. Parenteral nutrition should be prescribed for each patient individually, and it is important to consider individual characteristics body.

The duration of the diet should be at least four months. If complications develop during this period, the diet is extended. At this time, the diet should be as complete as possible. It should consist of a large amount of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, but mechanical and chemical irritants should be completely excluded.

It is necessary to move from crushed food to regular food at a slow pace. Adding new products should be done gradually in small doses. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor how the body will react to innovations.

Only the attending physician can prescribe a diet after gastric removal.

When the main rehabilitation period ends, the patient’s body should receive at least 300 grams of carbohydrates, 140 grams of protein or 100 grams of fat with food. Daily calorie content – ​​from 2800 kcal.

All dishes consumed are prepared exclusively in a steam bath or by boiling and stewing.

Food can only be consumed when its temperature reaches no more than 55 degrees. If vomiting begins after warm meals, they are replaced with cooled ones.

Often, cancer patients begin to develop hypercalcemia - this is a pathological condition accompanied by an increase in the concentration of calcium in the body. In such situations, reduce the consumption of dairy products and increase the amount of meat and fish.

As for the drinking regime, you need to be as careful as possible. If the kidneys are functioning normally, then you can drink up to two liters of fluid per day. Only one glass of water is allowed at one time.

You need to eat in small portions in 5-6 meals. To increase appetite, experts recommend eating food in the fresh air. In addition, you should try to eat at the same time. This will improve the digestion process, which will prevent irritation of the mucous membrane.

It is important to give up on-the-go snacks and dry food. These habits will further damage your digestive system.

What can you eat

In the first 1-2 days, the patient is prohibited from eating at all. To ensure that the already weakened body does not lose strength, all nutritional components are ingested through intravenous administration.

If on the third day no congestion is detected, you can give the patient rosehip decoction, tea or compote with a minimum sugar content.

On the fourth day, high-viscosity soups, meat chopped in a blender, low-fat cottage cheese, and soft-boiled eggs are introduced into the diet.

For the first seven days, one serving of food should not exceed 50 grams. Gradually the volume increases.

On the 8th day after gastrectomy, a gentle diet is prescribed, which must be followed for four months. During this period, you need to eat more fats and proteins, and reduce your carbohydrate intake.

The diet is based on mashed potatoes, pureed meat products, and viscous porridges.

Dishes are prepared exclusively by steaming or boiling.

On days 9-10, diet food No. 0B is prescribed. It is allowed to eat puree soups, baked apples, white crackers, fermented milk drinks, vegetable and fruit purees.

After 3-4 months, in the absence of complications, the patient can switch from pureed food to regular food. At the same time, the diet becomes more varied. You are allowed to eat soup with meat broth, meat and fish, buckwheat, rice, potatoes, and fresh fruit. This diet must be followed for another 60-90 days.

After complete restoration of the intestines and gastrointestinal tract, after six months you can switch to a normal diet.

What not to do

After surgery for complete or partial removal of the stomach due to cancer, the following products are prohibited:

• meat and fatty fish;
• alcoholic drinks and carbonated drinks;
• smoked meats, pickles, marinades;
• fried and fatty foods;
• eggs, hard-boiled;
• citrus;
• tomatoes, cabbage, radish, legumes.

You should not eat sweets, pastries or fresh bread.

Sample menu

Dietary nutrition should only be developed by a specialist. The menu for the week may look like this.

For a snack, compote with cookies, apple mousse, soufflé, and fruit jelly are allowed. Before going to bed, you can drink a glass of yogurt or kefir.

In order for the recovery period to pass with minimal complications, it is important to strictly follow all the specialist’s instructions regarding nutrition after gastrectomy of the stomach for a malignant tumor. Before introducing new products, you should consult your physician.

Stomach cancer remains one of the most dangerous cancer diagnoses to this day. Practice shows that patients consult a doctor when they begin to suffer from severe pain in the epigastric region. As a rule, pain appears when the tumor has already reached large sizes. Diet for cancer has important and plays a big role in carrying out therapeutic measures.

Stomach cancer: treatment and life after surgery

In order to diagnose or exclude oncology, a specialist prescribes endoscopy. If cancer is suspected, a gastric biopsy is taken, which is then sent for histological examination.

The main method of treating cancer of this localization is resection (surgery to remove the stomach for cancer). It can be partial, in which case only a part is removed, or complete, in which the entire organ is removed. In any case, this is a serious intervention that requires careful preparation both on the part of doctors and on the part of the patient and his relatives.

Feeding in the early postoperative period

Immediately after cancer surgery, patients cannot drink or eat on their own. Nutrition is provided through intravenous administration of nutrient solutions. The human body’s need for certain substances is determined individually based on a blood test.

In the postoperative period, the patient fasts for two days, and active aspiration of gastric contents is performed. If the doctor does not detect stagnation in the problem organ, then from the third day the patient begins to receive “weak” tea, rosehip infusion, a slightly sweet compote without berries, 30 ml 5-6 times a day.

Advice: In order for the body to begin receiving protein from the very first days, it is recommended to take protein enpit in the form of a liquid drink; for this, the dry product is dissolved in boiled water at the rate of 40 g. powder per glass of water. As a rule, in the first days the patient is given 30-50 grams. such a solution enterally, then, when the probe is removed, orally.

The nutritional regime is built on the principle of a gradually increasing load on the gastrointestinal tract and the inclusion of a sufficient amount of protein. Enteral nutrition is prescribed by a doctor. The use of enpits brings the amount of animal protein in the patient’s diet to the physiological norm, thanks to which the body receives the necessary vitamins and minerals.

Starting from 3-4 days, the patient’s diet includes mucous soups, pureed fish, meat and cottage cheese, soufflé, soft-boiled eggs, and from 5-6 days - steamed omelet, pureed porridge and pureed vegetables in small quantities (50 g. per serving). If the patient tolerates food well, then from the fifth day proteins are added to each meal. The portion of food eaten at a time is gradually increased: from 50 g. on the 3rd day up to 200-250 gr. on the 7th day and up to 350-400 on the 10th. Thus, the diet after gastric cancer surgery will provide the patient with a sufficient amount of complete protein in an easily digestible form.

Nutrition in the late postoperative period

7-14 days after resection for cancer, the patient is prescribed a gentle diet for 4 months. If the patient’s condition is complicated by inflammation of the part of the stomach remaining after surgery, anastomositis, or peptic ulcer, then this diet is maintained for a longer period. The main purpose of the gentle regime is to prevent or reduce the inflammatory process, as well as the prevention of dumping syndrome.

From a physiological point of view, this is a complete diet that contains a sufficient amount of protein (meat, fish), a moderate dose of complex carbohydrates (cereals, vegetables and some fruits), and a normal amount of fat. The volume of easily digestible carbohydrates (sweets, sugar, confectionery, juices) is sharply reduced. The intake of chemical and mechanical irritants to the mucous membrane and receptor apparatus of the gastrointestinal tract is limited. The inclusion of extractive nitrogen-containing substances is minimized (especially for purines); saturated fats, which are most found in lamb; fat breakdown products obtained during frying. Powerful stimulants of bile secretion, food products that provoke dumping syndrome (semolina porridge, sweetened milk, sweet tea, fatty soup, etc.) are excluded.

It is allowed to eat chopped meat, crushed potatoes, and cereal porridge. Fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as black bread and salads are excluded. All dishes are boiled, pureed or steamed. Third dishes without sugar are served at lunch; if desired, they can be sweetened with xylitol at the rate of 10-15 grams. per serving. The amount of sugar in the patient's menu should be strictly limited.

Advice: The transition from pureed to non- pureed food after surgery is carried out gradually. In the first days, ungrated vegetables are given in small quantities, first in soup, and later sauerkraut, salads and black bread are added. This diet is followed for a year and a half.

Allowed products after resection

What products are allowed for patients during the rehabilitation period?

• Bread products - yesterday's bread made from wheat flour, crackers, unleavened biscuits. Bread can be eaten no earlier than a month after resection.
• Soups with cereals and vegetables, pureed. The exceptions are millet and white cabbage.
• Eggs and dishes made from them - 1 soft-boiled egg per day, steamed egg white omelet.
• Milk and dairy products - tea with milk, if you have intolerance, then whole milk. After two months, the menu includes fermented baked milk, kefir and yogurt. Sour cream can be used as a seasoning. The cottage cheese should be freshly prepared, non-acidic and ground.
• Meat and fish - dishes made from lean meat without tendons (rabbit, turkey, chicken, veal, beef) and lean fish (pike, cod, pike perch, bream, carp, squid, shrimp, crayfish) in chopped form. These products are pre-boiled, steamed or baked (already boiled).
• Vegetables and herbs – boiled and pureed. Boiled cauliflower with butter, stewed zucchini and pumpkin, beetroot, potato and carrot puree.
• Fruits and berries – freshly pureed, unsweetened compotes, jelly, jelly, mousse. Baked apples. Fruits and berries containing coarse fiber (pear, quince) are contraindicated. Compotes and jelly can be sweetened with xylitol.
• Cereals and pasta - pureed cereals without sugar, puddings, rice casseroles. Hercules. Semolina porridge in limited quantities. Only finely chopped boiled pasta.
• Butter – ghee, butter, refined sunflower – should be added to dishes only in its natural form. You can't fry!
• Snacks – mild grated cheese of the following varieties: Russian, Soviet, Dutch; granular or pressed caviar in limited quantities; jellied meat on gelatin (without extractives).
• Juices and drinks – berry, vegetable and fruit unsweetened diluted juices, rosehip infusion, tea with milk, weak ersatz coffee with milk.
• Sauces - made from sour cream and butter, with a decoction of vegetables. Flour is not sautéed with butter.

The daily menu should be varied and balanced, while it is important not to forget about the tolerance of foods and their effect on the gastrointestinal tract.

In the future, even in the absence of painful signs, you need to adhere to fractional meals (4-5 times a day) for another 3-5 years, limit the consumption of dishes and products containing easily digestible carbohydrates and fresh milk. Patients with a good result of surgery who follow a split diet usually do not need drug treatment.

Attention! The information on the site is presented by specialists, but is for informational purposes only and cannot be used for independent treatment. Be sure to consult your doctor!

Feb-18-2017

What is gastric resection

Gastric resection is an operation in which a significant portion of the stomach is removed, usually from a quarter to two-thirds. Basically, resection is performed in the event of various dangerous diseases of the stomach (tumors, ulcers), and the operation can also be performed as a means of combating serious forms of obesity. The resection was first performed in 1881 by Theodor Billroth; this German surgeon also implemented the two main known methods of gastric resection with the subsequent restoration of the functioning of the patient’s digestive processes. In addition to the Billroth operation techniques, since the 2000s, methods of gastric resection have also been known that do not directly affect the fundamental anatomical functionality of the organ - longitudinal or vertical resection.

Essentially, resection is carried out by excision of the affected area of ​​the stomach and subsequent restoration of a state of functional continuity of the gastrointestinal tract. Continuity is recreated by making a connection between the stump of the stomach and the jejunum or duodenum by anastomosis.

Resection is complicated in that it affects one of the central elements of supplying the body with resources – the digestive system. A person cannot not eat, so the correct diet is very important for the adequate completion of the operation and the subsequent recovery process, which, ultimately, has the greatest impact on the possibility of optimal restoration of the functions of the stomach after resection. Immediately before the operation (from a month to a week), it is necessary to strengthen the stomach through diet - take vitamins and strengthening agents, eat protein-rich foods in order to prepare the stomach and the body in general for stress. A postoperative diet, which is divided into several periods, requires an even more serious approach. In the first days after the operation, the patient should be prescribed fasting, then nutrition will be provided for some time, of course, in the hospital, through IVs, then through a tube. Subsequently, the doctor will prescribe a diet distributed over several periods.

After these operations, food very quickly flows from the esophagus and the remaining part of the stomach (if it is resected - partially removed) into the small intestine, in which the main nutrients are absorbed. In this case, soon after eating, the patient may experience a feeling of heaviness in the epigastric region, weakness, sweating, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, dry mouth, bloating (flatulence), drowsiness, and the desire to lie down.

These phenomena are defined as dumping syndrome. Proper nutrition helps to avoid complications.

Diet after gastrectomy

Those who have undergone gastric surgery must adhere to the following rules:

1. Eat small meals often, 5-6 times a day. Eat food slowly, chewing thoroughly.
2. Limit the consumption of foods and dishes containing easily and quickly absorbed carbohydrates, especially sugar, honey, jam, sweet milk porridges, sweet tea.

It is advisable to take the third dish not immediately, but 1/2–1 hour after lunch, so as not to overload the stomach. The amount of liquid at one time should not exceed 200 ml.

Particular attention should be paid to nutrition in the first 2–3 months after discharge from the hospital: it is at this time that the digestive system adapts to new conditions due to the surgery.

It is very important that the diet after gastric surgery is tasty, varied, and includes all the essential nutrients. Special meaning is given to complete animal proteins (found in lean meat, chicken, fish, eggs, cottage cheese, cheese) and vitamins (included in vegetable dishes, which are components of fruits, berries, vegetable and fruit juices, rosehip decoction, etc.).

Particular attention should be paid to nutrition in the first 2–3 months after discharge from the hospital: it is at this time that the digestive system and the body as a whole adapt to new conditions due to the surgery.

The tactics of diet therapy can be schematically presented as follows. In the first 2–3 months after surgery, it is generally recommended to eat at least 5 times a day, using mainly chopped and pureed or steamed foods. In fact, the same diet is recommended as for peptic ulcer disease (dietary table No. 1, “mashed” version). However, it is necessary to limit sweets. After 2–3 months, the attending physician may recommend the “unprocessed” version of dietary table No. 1. 3–4 months after the operation, dietary table No. 5 is allowed.

Medical nutrition in the first days after gastrectomy:

1st day. The sick person does not receive food.

2nd day. Weak tea, fruit jelly, mineral water (30 ml every 3-4 hours). Kissels are not very sweet.

3rd and 4th day. 1st breakfast – soft-boiled egg or steam omelet, half a glass of tea; second breakfast - juice, or jelly, or mineral water, pureed rice porridge. Lunch – slimy rice soup with meat puree or creamy meat soup. Afternoon snack – tea or rosehip decoction. Dinner – cottage cheese or meat soufflé. At night – unsweetened fruit jelly (1/2 cup).

5th and 6th day. Breakfast - a soft-boiled egg, or a steam omelet, or a meat soufflé, tea with milk. Second breakfast – pureed rice or mashed buckwheat. Lunch – pureed rice soup, steamed meat soufflé. Afternoon snack – cottage cheese soufflé without sugar. Dinner – steamed meat dumplings, carrot puree. At night - fruit jelly without sugar.

7th day. Breakfast – 2 soft-boiled eggs, liquid rice or pureed buckwheat porridge, tea. Second breakfast – steamed cottage cheese soufflé without sugar. Lunch – pureed rice soup with potatoes, steamed meat cutlets, mashed potatoes. Afternoon snack – steamed fish soufflé. Dinner – calcined cottage cheese, jelly. White bread crackers are allowed.

A week after the operation, diet No. 1 is prescribed, a “mashed” version with a limitation of easily absorbed carbohydrates.

• vegetable broth soups with various pureed vegetables, pasta or cereals;
• dishes from lean meats, poultry (chicken, turkey) and fish (cod, hake, ice cod, navaga, pike perch, carp, perch) boiled or steamed. Meat is mainly in the form of cutlets, quenelles, meatballs, puree, soufflé;
• dishes made from potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower, pumpkin, zucchini, pureed in the form of puree, soufflé or pudding;
• milk porridges (rice, oatmeal, barley, buckwheat, “Hercules”), soufflé, puddings from pureed cereals, dishes from vermicelli, pasta, homemade noodles;
• soft-boiled egg, steam omelette;
• whole milk, dry milk, condensed milk without sugar (added to the dish), sour cream, cream, freshly prepared cottage cheese;
• boiled, mashed or baked fruits and berries;
• mild cheese, low-fat ham;
• honey, jams, preserves, marshmallows, marshmallows in limited quantities, subject to good tolerance;
• weak tea with milk or cream, weak coffee with milk or cream;
• fruit, berry (not very sweet), vegetable juices, rosehip decoction;
• butter, ghee, vegetable oil (added to prepared dishes);
• lightly dried wheat bread, savory cookies, crackers.

Exclude from the diet meat, fish, mushroom broths, fatty meats, poultry (ducks), fish, everything fried foods, pickles, smoked meats, marinades, savory snacks, pastries, pies, raw unprocessed vegetables and fruits, radishes, rutabaga.

Sample diet menu after gastrectomy (“mashed” option):

Breakfast: soft-boiled egg, buckwheat, rice or Hercules porridge, coffee with milk.

Second breakfast: baked apple, rosehip infusion.

Lunch: vegetarian potato soup, steamed meat cutlets with milk sauce, pureed fresh fruit compote or jelly.

Afternoon snack: milk, savory cookies.

Dinner: boiled fish and potatoes.

At night: kefir or weak tea with milk.

3-4 months after gastric surgery, the “unprocessed” version of diet No. 1 or 5 is usually allowed.

• vegetable broth soups with various cereals, vegetables, pasta, beetroot soups, milk soups with cereals, fruit soups with rice. Low-fat meat soup is allowed 1-2 times a week, provided it is well tolerated;
• dishes from lean meats, poultry, fish - boiled, baked (pre-boiled), stewed (with juice removed);
• fresh vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots), boiled and vegetable stew(carrots, potatoes, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, cauliflower). Non-acidic sauerkraut, fresh herbs (parsley, dill) are allowed;
• various porridges (cereals and pasta) - rice, buckwheat, oatmeal, millet; cereals, puddings, fruit pilaf, boiled vermicelli, pasta;
• soft-boiled egg, omelet;

5–6 months after partial or complete removal of the stomach, the attending physician, depending on the state of health, may recommend that the patient adhere to diet table No. 5 or 15.

• whole milk (if well tolerated) or with tea, dairy dishes, kefir, yogurt, acidophilus, sour cream (mainly as a seasoning), freshly prepared cottage cheese. They also prepare cottage cheese, various puddings, soufflés, and dumplings;
• ripe, raw and baked fruits and berries (apples);
• milk, sour cream, fruit sauces;
• “Doctorskoy” type sausage, lean ham, jellied fish, cheese, boiled tongue, salads from raw and boiled vegetables, soaked herring;
• jam, honey, marshmallows, marshmallows, jams (in very limited quantities);
• tea, weak coffee with and without milk. Compotes from fresh fruits, berries and dried fruits (not very sweet);
• fruit, berry (not very sweet), vegetable juices. Rosehip decoction;
• butter and vegetable oil (butter is added to prepared dishes);
• wheat, rye, preferably slightly dried, bread, crackers, savory cookies, savory dough products.

Products made from butter dough, pickles, smoked meats, marinades, canned snack foods, radishes, rutabaga, and hot spices are excluded from the diet.

Sample diet menu (“unprocessed” option):

Breakfast: tomato salad or vegetable vinaigrette, boiled meat, crumbly buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.

Second breakfast: fresh or baked apple or raw grated carrots.

Lunch: salad, vegetarian borscht, boiled fish (cod, hake, iced) with boiled potatoes, sauerkraut, compote

Afternoon snack: fresh fruit.

Dinner: omelet, buckwheat cereal, tea.

At night: kefir or yogurt.

5–6 months after partial or complete removal of the stomach, the attending physician, depending on the state of health, may recommend that the patient adhere to diet table No. 5 or 15. If there are no complications or significant concomitant diseases, it is allowed to include low-fat dishes, more fresh vegetables and fruits in the diet, meat and fish broths, of course, with good tolerance of the patient.

Based on the book “Nutrition for Health” by M. Gurvich.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that results from an inflammatory reaction in the mucous membrane. Junk food, severe stress, alcohol abuse - all this can serve as an impetus for the activation of the pathological process. The disease affects the cells of the stomach, leading to their death.

Like any cancer tumor, gastric carcinoma is capable of metastasizing. The liver is primarily affected, which is why the pathology is sometimes accompanied by jaundice. The tumor process requires immediate treatment. The part of the stomach affected by cancer is removed along with the inflamed lymphatic vessels.

The procedure ensures complete recovery in most cases. In the initial stages, the disease is quite difficult to detect. In a precancerous condition, the symptoms are minor; it may take ten or even twenty years before carcinoma develops.

Surgery is a radical way to fight cancer, which is used when there are no other ways to save a life. There are several types of surgical intervention, and only in rare cases does it involve total removal of the organ. Gastrectomy is the complete removal of the stomach, and during resection only the affected part is removed.

Survival is directly related to the stage of the tumor process and the quality of the operation performed. The rehabilitation period also plays an important role. The duration of recovery also differs, this is due to age, the extent of removal of the affected organ and the chosen surgical technique.

On average, rehabilitation lasts three months. During this period, patients are prohibited from heavy physical activity; under no circumstances should they overcool or overheat the body. Nutrition also plays an important role after removal of the stomach for cancer. The functions of the digestive tract are disrupted due to surgery, so diet is an integral part of the recovery period.

The diet after removal of the stomach for cancer is prescribed so as not to create additional stress on the remaining part of the stomach. What is its essence? What foods are allowed in the postoperative period, and which ones are best avoided?

Diet after gastrectomy will help speed up the recovery process

It is worth noting that not only after surgery should one switch to proper nutrition. This should be taken care of much earlier. The diet should be followed before surgery, this will help prepare the body for the upcoming stress. A few days before gastric resection, it is recommended to exclude protein food, as well as foods containing fiber.

Alcohol, carbonated drinks, store-bought juices - all this is prohibited. The menu should include carbohydrates. Preference should be given to complex rather than light carbohydrates. Confectionery products contain simple carbohydrates, which are quickly digested and provoke a sharp jump in blood glucose.

Complex carbohydrates are not digested so quickly, do not cause glycemic changes and bring great benefits to the body. Porridge is a source of complex carbohydrates. Salt, pepper and other spices are completely excluded from the diet.

Now let's talk in more detail about nutrition after gastric surgery for oncology. Immediately after resection and for the next two days, the patient fasts. Only on the third day can the doctor allow rosehip decoction, sweet tea or compote. But this does not mean that the patient can drink in one gulp; every fifteen minutes he is given only one teaspoon of liquid.

Still, the patient’s body needs nutrients, so special mixtures containing proteins and amino acids are administered intravenously. Around the fifth day, the doctor can begin to transfer the patient to a regular diet. But this is subject to the absence of bloating and normal intestinal motility.

And again, this does not mean that the patient can eat whatever he wants: borscht, dumplings, jellied meat, etc. The diet after gastric surgery includes strict restrictions that are extremely important to adhere to.

Meals after gastrectomy should include liquid or semi-liquid foods

Even a month after surgery, you must continue to follow the diet. Of course, if the patient feels well, then it is not necessary to consume grated products. The menu at this stage becomes more varied.

Meat soups, lean fish, and slightly dried white bread are allowed. You are also allowed to eat boiled vegetables, fresh fruits, buckwheat and rice porridge, and fermented milk products. After surgery, the elimination of toxic substances slows down, which is why it is so important to consume natural water in sufficient quantities.

You need to prepare for the fact that the first two weeks after surgery are the most difficult. During this period, a person experiences discomfort and a strong feeling of hunger, which is not satisfied by lean soups and pureed dishes.

Useful and harmful products

First, let's talk about what is allowed in the postoperative period:

• slimy soups. They can be prepared with butter or even cream. You can also use buckwheat, rice or oatmeal;
• lean meat: veal, chicken, turkey;
• lean fish: pollock, cod, pike, hake;
• jelly or berry jelly;
• egg, in the form of a steam omelet or soft-boiled;
• low-fat cottage cheese, milk, yogurt, fermented baked milk, yogurt.

The following products are prohibited for consumption:

• alcohol, soda, confectionery - all these foods retain fluid in the body;
• citrus fruits, as they increase stomach acidity;
• rich broths;
• fatty, overcooked foods, fast food - all this creates a strong burden on the stomach;
• smoked meats, pickles, marinades, canned food. All of these foods also retain water;
• You should avoid vegetables that contribute to gas formation: beans, peas, etc.

You will have to give up sweets, but dietary desserts without flour and sugar are allowed

Therapeutic diets

After gastric surgery, the patient must eat according to a certain pattern. There are several types of diets that are prescribed to patients. Zero diets are also called surgical diets. They are prescribed in two cases: after operations on the digestive tract, in a semi-conscious state.

A zero diet is prescribed to provide nutrition in conditions where regular food intake is impossible, difficult or simply contraindicated. It allows you to relieve the gastrointestinal tract and prevent flatulence. The basis of the diet of diet No. 0 is mechanically and chemically gentle food: liquid, semi-liquid, jelly-like, pureed.

This therapeutic diet is divided into three main groups: 0A, 0B, 0B. All of them imply sufficient intake of fluids and vitamins, as well as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. At the same time, table salt is sharply limited. Next, we’ll talk in more detail about the three types of zero diet.

Diet No. 0A

This diet is prescribed on the fourth or even fifth day after gastrectomy. The essence of nutrition is to increase fluid intake and limit salt. Milk, sour cream, cream, carbonated drinks, as well as dense and pureed foods are prohibited. It is better to give preference to the following foods: low-fat meat broth, rice water, strained compote, jelly, rosehip infusion.

Therapeutic diet No. 0 is also called surgical diet

Diet No. 0B

It is prescribed approximately a week after the operation. It is already allowed to consume more liquids and table salt. The diet is similar to the above-mentioned menu, only the list of permitted products is slightly expanded, namely pureed liquid rice porrige, buckwheat and oatmeal, low-fat meat broth with semolina, berry mousse, soft-boiled egg.

Diet No. 0B

This diet serves to continue expanding the diet and transition to nutritious nutrition. At this stage, the following dishes are introduced into the menu:

• cream soup and cream soup;
• mashed cottage cheese;
• ground fruit and vegetable puree;
• milk porridge;
• baked apples;
• egg white omelet;
• wheat bread crackers;
• dairy products.

Menu for any complications that arise

Any surgical intervention is associated with certain risks, and gastric resection is no exception. According to statistics, dumping syndrome appears in ten to thirty percent of cases. The essence of this pathology is that practically undigested food from the stomach enters the intestines. This leads to irritation of the intestinal mucosa and stretching of its walls.

As a result, there is a sharp increase in blood flow in this part of the digestive tract, which causes other organs to suffer. Symptoms of dumping syndrome appear approximately fifteen minutes after eating:

• feeling of fullness in the stomach;
• weakness, drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus;
• hot flash, trembling, sweating;
• shortness of breath, tachycardia;
• rumbling in the stomach and diarrhea.

Important! In the postoperative period, temporary problems with the kidneys and fluid excretion may occur. If this happens, drinking more than one glass of liquid at a time is prohibited.

Diet is an important element of treatment for dumping syndrome. You should eat small meals, six to eight times a day. Patients are advised to eat the second course first, and after about half an hour move on to the first.

As for drinks, they are allowed to be drunk either an hour before the main meal, or the same time after it. Food should not be too hot, because this speeds up the flow of food from the stomach into the intestines, which will only aggravate the existing pathology.

Also, food should be thoroughly chewed or chopped thoroughly during cooking.

So, oncology is not a death sentence. Gastric resection will help eliminate the problem and move on with your life. But the treatment does not end with the operation, but only just begins. Proper nutrition is the key to your get well soon. A diet should become your way of life, not a temporary phenomenon.

After complex operations, doctors prescribe the patient a special diet, which is necessary to maintain health and speed up recovery. In the case of stomach removal, the issue of diet must be approached very responsibly.

Stomach cancer is a malignant tumor that is formed as a result of the inflammatory process of the mucous membranes due to alcohol abuse, junk food and severe stress.

The disease initially affects the cells of the mucous membrane of the organ, gradually destroying them. This type of cancer requires immediate treatment. At an advanced stage, a gastrectomy may be required to save the patient - removal of the part of the stomach affected by a malignant neoplasm through surgery.

During the operation, all inflamed lymph nodes and connections to the digestive tract are removed. This is necessary in order to prevent the spread of the malignant process. In this way, the patient’s life is saved, but at the same time he loses part of a vital organ.

The effect of organ amputation on digestion

The state of the digestive tract after gastric resection can affect the body as follows:

• In order to facilitate the process of blood circulation in the body, Catheters and drains are installed at the surgical site, which are necessary to prevent the accumulation of fluids and blood.
• The patient experiences cutting pain for a week, so to facilitate postoperative recovery painkillers are prescribed powerful agents.
• Due to the removal of part of the stomach, the first the patient cannot eat normally for several days. It is recommended to eat in small portions, 5-6 times a day instead of the standard 3-4.

Target

In order not to create additional stress on the remaining part of the digestive organ, a special diet is prescribed.

The need to comply with restrictions can complicate the patient’s daily life after the recovery period, since it is quite difficult to give up familiar and favorite foods and know when to stop eating them.

Proper nutrition is the key to health and longevity(especially after overcoming such a serious and difficult to treat disease). To quickly restore strength, the patient should be picky about food - foods filled with fiber, proteins and vitamins will quickly get a sick person back on his feet.

Nutrition before surgery

It should be noted that not only after the operation you need to switch to healthy eating. For gastric removal to be successful, the patient is advised to go on a diet that will prepare the body(this way it will be easier for him to bear the upcoming stress).

1. Product consumption with a high content of proteins and fiber.
2. Banned soda, sweet juices and alcoholic drinks.

You will need to exclude from the diet light carbohydrates, which the body mainly receives from sweets (buns, pastries, cakes and other confectionery products). It is recommended to replace this type of food with complex carbohydrates (porridge and some vegetables).

Well, for those who have a sweet tooth, in addition to fruits, there are many alternatives, for example, for breakfast you can make oatmeal with a teaspoon of honey and berries, and for dinner - curd pudding. Such desserts should be consumed before surgery, as they saturate the body with strength and energy.

Nutrition during rehabilitation

After a gastrectomy, the rules regarding food consumption become significantly stricter. This is especially necessary during the recovery period - the body is greatly weakened, the patient will feel constant pain in the abdomen. In this case, nutrition is reduced to low-fat meat broths, puree soups and other liquid dishes.

After complete recovery, the patient can begin to eat a more varied diet - fish, vegetables, meat, cereals, etc. Well, for lovers of sweets there is another alternative - this dietary desserts that do not use flour and sugar.

For example, a lean cottage cheese casserole made from cottage cheese and corn flour, which is a healthy and dietary product rich in fiber.

An example of an indicative nutrition program that can be regulated by the attending physician:

1. From 1 to 3 days The patient does not eat anything and drinks plenty of water.
2. From 3 to 7 days the patient can be given liquid dishes (soups and broths) prepared with lean products. After a week after the operation, the pain begins to gradually subside, but the diet does not change yet.
3. Starting from 14 days the patient can now independently eat chopped foods (vegetables, chicken fillet and so on).
4. After another week has passed, namely on day 20, you can eat boiled porridge, well-cooked chicken fillet, or steamed fish and vegetables (this way they become as soft as possible).
5. Next comes gradual formation of a daily diet, which is prescribed and monitored by the attending physician together with a nutritionist.

The first two weeks after the operation are the most difficult, as the patient experiences constant discomfort and a feeling of hunger that is not satisfied by lean soups and pasty dishes. The rehabilitation period takes place in 60 days, and during this time the patient gets used to the new diet.

Nutrition principles for convalescents

To fully restore your health, you must not only eat right, but also follow certain principles:

• The temperature of food should not exceed 37 degrees Celsius. If the smell of a warm meal makes you gag, you can eat it cold.
• Completely excluded from the diet salt, pepper and other spices.
• The consequence of cancer is hypercalcemia (excessive calcium in the body). So it's worth it for a while limit milk consumption and fermented milk products . To normalize the level of calcium in the body, you need to pay more attention to dishes high in phosphorus, magnesium and protein.
• If during the postoperative period the patient has temporary problems with the kidneys and the removal of fluids from the body - Drinking more than a glass of water at a time is contraindicated.
• Meals per day are divided from 4 to 6 times.

You need to follow your daily calorie intake (for women, 1,500 kilocalories are required, and for men, 2,000 kilocalories) and know which foods you can eat and which you should avoid.

Harmful products

Products prohibited for consumption:

1. Alcoholic, sweet and carbonated drinks– retain water in the body.
2. Fast food and other fatty or overcooked foods– creates a large load on the digestive tract.
3. Smoked, salted and peppered products(for example, dried fish or smoked chicken breast), pickles, canned food and marinades - retain fluid in the body.
4. Vegetables that cause bloating ota – beans, peas and other legumes.

Healthy foods

Authorized products:

1. High in protein– soft-boiled eggs, lean fish and chicken breast.
2. Cream soups cooked in chicken broth.
3. Overcooked cereals and porridges, since the human body needs complex carbohydrates.
4. Recommended for use dairy(yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt) along with fiber.
5. Vegetables- as the main source of fiber.
6. Fruits– filled with fructose, which is necessary for energy production and activation of brain activity.

To remove cholesterol from the body, you need to consume pumpkin products (porridge, juice, puree). Beetroot juice helps suppress the growth of cancer cells due to the high content of anthocyanin in this vegetable.

Menu

An approximate menu for one day, which can be adjusted by a doctor and nutritionist depending on the general health of the patient:

1. First meal- cup mineral water without gas with the addition of a small amount of lemon juice. It is necessary to awaken the body and activate metabolic processes.
2. Second appointment mainly consists of vegetables and fruits, and for better absorption it is best to drink half a cup of kefir.
3. For lunch The patient is served liquid puree soup and vegetable salad with dietary boiled meat.
4. For afternoon tea You can eat a corn biscuit with nuts and honey, washed down with a glass of fruit juice.
5. For dinner We recommend an abundance of baked vegetables, rice boiled to porridge and a little meat.

The diet should be prepared exclusively by a nutritionist, based on the instructions of the attending physician. Compliance with all recommendations and adherence to the diet will lead to a rapid recovery of the patient and normalization of his life in the postoperative period.

In conclusion, we suggest watching a video recipe for baked vegetables:

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