See what “Tsitsin, Nikolai Vasilyevich” is in other dictionaries. Main Botanical Garden named after. N. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GBS RAS) sells planting material Schematic representation of the Main Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitsin

See what “Tsitsin, Nikolai Vasilyevich” is in other dictionaries. Main Botanical Garden named after. N. Tsitsin of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GBS RAS) sells planting material Schematic representation of the Main Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitsin

02.02.2022 Ulcer

Stock greenhouse of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS(“Moscow Tropics”) is a unique “museum” of living tropical and subtropical plants, where you can see and get acquainted with trees, herbs and shrubs from different continents.

The greenhouse exists as a scientific and educational center, on the basis of which work is carried out to study and preserve the biological diversity of tropical and subtropical plants. Its collections include several thousand species, including rare and endangered ones, obtained from botanical gardens in post-war Germany and as a result of exchange with other botanical gardens different countries, as well as those collected by employees of the Botanical Garden on expeditions. Despite such a long and dry name and serious tasks, in reality the Stock Greenhouse looks warm and homely - like a large indoor garden, and anyone can visit it.

It’s especially nice to come here in winter: regardless of the weather outside, the greenhouse is always maintained heat, and it will be a great find for those who yearn for summer on gloomy winter days!

Exposition

The greenhouse complex of the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences includes two buildings: the Old Stock Greenhouse and the New Stock Greenhouse, however, only one of them is accessible to the public - the Old one, which has been operating since 1954.

The space inside the greenhouse is divided into several exhibition sections, built according to a geographical principle. Each of them maintains its own temperature regime and humidity level throughout the year, as close as possible to the natural living conditions of plants.

. Tropics of the Old and New Worlds: here you can see various types of ficus and palm trees, huge bananas, cocoa trees, papaya and even a real baobab.

. Dry subtropics represented by plants of the Mediterranean, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Northern and South America. In this department you can see various types of succulents, xerophytes and cacti, aloe, acacia and eucalyptus trees, as well as a collection of azaleas and conifers.

. Humid subtropics divided into 3 separate exhibition sections. The first includes plants of the Canary Islands, South Africa, Japan, continental East Asia and South America: laurels, heathers and dracaenas, cypress and feijoa are available for inspection. The second shows plants from Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand, and in the third you can find large collection varieties of rhododendron and camellia.

The branches do not just show plants to visitors, they exist as a semblance of full-fledged ecosystems characteristic of the stated region. Between them there are concrete or crushed stone paths, which you can walk along when visiting on your own or on a guided tour, and in some places there are even cozy benches under the branches of exotic trees.

The main part of the exhibition is permanent, but there are also temporary exhibits that change places depending on the season or are brought to visitors during the flowering period. In addition, during the mass flowering of plants of a certain type, the greenhouse can host an exhibition of them: for example, flowering orchids, which attract a large number of visitors every year.

It is worth noting that the exhibition is replete with information plates with general information about the flora of the tropical and subtropical regions presented, however, the plants are mostly not described, so it is better to visit it with a tour.

History of the Stock Greenhouse

The Old Stock Greenhouse was opened in 1954.

According to a widespread legend, which has no documentary evidence, but seems quite reliable, the first collection of the greenhouse was based on the botanical collection of Hermann Goering, a prominent statesman and military figure of the Third Reich. Goering went down in history as the Chairman of the Reichstag and the Reich Minister of Aviation of Germany, but his biography also included other positions, including the Imperial Forester of Germany. Being a great lover of nature, Goering collected an extensive collection of orchids and other plants, which after the end of the Great Patriotic War taken to the Soviet Union.

The collection subsequently expanded through exchanges with other botanical gardens around the world, as well as through expeditions to tropical and subtropical regions.

Gradually, the collections became cramped in the old building, and in 1992, construction began on the New Stock Greenhouse, much larger and more technologically advanced than the previous one. However, for various reasons, construction was soon frozen and resumed only in 2002. The building was completed in 2016, however, it was never opened to the public; It is unknown when the new greenhouse will become available to citizens.

Opening hours and visiting procedures

The exposition of tropical and subtropical plants in the Old Stock Greenhouse is open all year round. You can visit it individually or with a guided tour.

On weekends, visitors are offered free sightseeing tours without prior registration (subject to purchasing a ticket to the greenhouse). It is also possible to order thematic excursions: “Plants in myths and legends”, “Ferns and gymnosperms”, “The very best: tall, ancient, long-lived”, “Useful tropical and subtropical plants: food, technical, medicinal, phytoncidal and ornamental” and others.

The work on remote hybridization of wheat with wheatgrass, begun by Tsitsin in 1927, was continued in 1932–1938. in Omsk, and then in the Moscow region - in Nemchinovka and in Snegiri, where they successfully continued until the last days of the scientist’s life. As a result of hard work, Tsitsin and his colleagues for the first time obtained hybrids between the main types of wheat and three types of wheatgrass (as well as with one of the Siberian varieties of wheatgrass). In subsequent years, the scientist created mid-early (with more short period growing season) varieties of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids, characterized by high productivity and a complex of other economically valuable traits. At the same time, new varieties of wheat were created that had a branched ear structure. Before this, only forms of spring durum wheat existed in nature. The scientist managed to create varieties of winter soft branched wheat, that is, forms that previously did not exist in nature at all. One of Tsitsin's pioneering works was the creation of multigrain forms of wheat with particularly high productivity. In the recent past, all varieties of wheat had ears with one or two grains. In modern wheat varieties, the number of flowers in spikelets is five, and the number of grains does not exceed four. Based on the distant hybridization of cultivated wheat with wild cereal plants, Tsitsin managed, for the first time in world practice, to create hybrid forms of wheat, in the spikelets of which the number of flowers reaches nine and the number of grains reaches six to eight, which leads to a significant increase in yield.

From the varieties created by the scientist in last years life, it should be noted that intermediate constant (stable in offspring) forms of wheat have a high protein content and compete in yield with the best standards of this crop. Knowing about such a property of wheatgrass as perenniality, Tsitsin, for the first time in the history of breeding and genetic science, created a completely new type of wheat plant, which is of great scientific and practical importance - perennial wheat, which he named Triticum agropynotriticum . Tsitsin’s work on the creation of high-yielding lodging-resistant varieties and forms with shortened and filled straw was also of great practical importance. Typically, soft wheat varieties have a hollow straw, but in the hybrids he obtained, it was filled with parenchyma throughout the entire stem, which gave the plants greater resistance to lodging.

The scientist and his collaborators successfully used polyploid forms of plants (containing several sets of chromosomes in cells) in breeding. In particular, a tetraploid (with four sets of chromosomes in somatic cells) winter rye variety “Start” was created, which had high winter hardiness and productivity. Particularly interesting is the work of Tsitsin and his students on the hybridization of wheat, rye and barley with elymus (giant, sandy and soft). Based on 29 combinations of crossing soft and durum wheat with three types of elimus, seven generations of wheat-elimus hybrids were obtained. In 1968–1969 In the process of hybridization of wheat with soft elymus, highly productive constant 42-chromosomal hybrids were isolated for the first time. They were distinguished by their large ears and grains, containing over 20% protein and more than 40% gluten.

If we cover the sights of the capital, which every person simply must visit, then the list of the most important of them will certainly include the Main Botanical Garden, named after its first director Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin. Located in the eastern part of Moscow, next to VDNKh, the Botanical Garden welcomes its guests from late April to mid-October. Before the opening of each season, as well as after its completion, regular plantings of cultivated plants are carried out in the garden.

Botanical address, opening hours

The nearest metro station from the GBS is "Vladykino", from which bus route 76 runs from there, on which those who want to visit the country's largest botanical garden will travel only 4 stops to the Ostankino hotel. Starting from April 29, GBS operates daily from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. The season traditionally ends on October 19. Guests planning to visit the exhibitions should carefully read the opening hours. Some exhibitions are closed 2 days a week for maintenance work. An exhibition such as the “Japanese Garden” has a shortened opening hours from Tuesday to Friday.

Wide range of exhibitions and greenhouses

Includes a diverse collection of plants brought from all over the world. The country's richest botanical collection began in the spring of 1945. Since then, outstanding botanists and breeders have worked to expand the exhibitions. Guests of the garden can visit the following exhibitions:

The famous "Japanese Garden".
The best collection of tropical aquatic plants in Europe.
"Arboretum".
"Rose garden".
"Continuously blooming garden."
"Exhibition of cultivated plants."
"Shadow Garden"
Numerous greenhouses.
Exhibition of natural flora.
Collection of flowering ornamental plants.

GBS card

If your plans for the near future include visiting, how to get to the place, you can look at the directions on the map. Believe me, you will not regret this excursion! In addition to the exhibitions already described, on the territory there are: a protected oak grove, a heather garden and areas of natural forest. The employees of the laboratory building help to monitor all this splendor; the collection greenhouse helps to preserve the collections in their original form. Botanists and breeders of the GBS do not want to rest on the laurels of past achievements and plan to expand existing collections, as well as build new exhibitions.

Botanical Garden (Moscow), how to get there for a visitor

If guests of the capital have poor local orientation, especially if they decide to visit the GBS for the first time, then it will be useful for them to know the following: the main thing is to find the route to the Vladykino metro station on metro maps. From the station to the main entrance to the exhibitions you will have to walk approximately 10 minutes. The main gate is located on the side of Botanicheskaya Street. In addition to the main entrance, there are several gates around the perimeter of the garden. On the road from the metro exit you will see a small gate. There are also entrances from the border with VDNH.

Traveling by personal transport

Many nature lovers travel by personal transport, so the question arises when they want to visit the Botanical Garden (Moscow): “How to get to the place from Dmitrovskoye or Altufevskoye highway, and which route is better to choose?” passes through the Otradnoe district up to the territory of the GBS. If you drive along Dmitrovskoye Highway, you will need to get to the intersection with Bolshaya Akademicheskaya Street.

Public transport routes from VDNH metro station

Of course, the Vladykino metro station is not the only one from where you can take a bus and go to the Botanical Garden (Moscow). How to get to the place by getting off at the VDNH metro station? Bus routes 24, 85 and 803 run to the country, as well as trolleybuses 9, 36 and 73.

How much are entrance tickets?

Children under 7 years of age accompanied by adults, as well as pensioners, can enjoy free entry to the territory. For all other categories of the population, the entrance fee is:

For adults - 50 rubles
For students and schoolchildren - 30 rubles.

As you can see, the entrance fee is purely symbolic. Next we follow the most popular exhibitions. Entrance to the rose garden and the exhibition of decorative flowers costs 100 rubles per adult. Discounts are available for children and pensioners. Adult tickets to view the unique exhibition "Japanese Garden" on weekdays cost 150 rubles (due to shortened opening hours), on weekends and holidays - 200 rubles. Now we have found out, having decided to explore the Botanical Garden (Moscow), how to get to it, and how much entrance tickets cost. All that remains is to decide which exposure to start the inspection with.

Anniversary of the Botanical Garden

In 2015, GBS celebrates its 70th anniversary. For this significant event, it is planned to open the huge glass building of the New Orangery. The entire surrounding area is cleaned and landscaped daily. And now we can safely say that the celebrations will take place in conditions of ideal order and beauty. Since the opening took place at the end of the Great Patriotic War, much attention is paid to exhibits imported from Germany, which can be viewed in the Stock Greenhouse.

Best exposures

We have already learned a lot about the Botanical Garden of Expositions and briefly covered the history of its creation. The real gem of the project is the rose garden. It is also worth noting the significance of two special exhibitions. We will talk about a collection of tropical plants and the “Japanese Garden”. No other botanical garden throughout Europe has such an extensive collection of coastal plants. These include wild, cultivated and flowering specimens. If you have a great desire to admire the blooming sakura, brought to the Botanical Garden (Moscow) many years ago, reviews of which are spreading everywhere, welcome to the “Japanese Garden”. People who once saw this miracle will never forget it. Delicate fragrant flowering trees create a unique atmosphere of peace and tranquility. Orchids, bonsai, and miniature trees miraculously transport visitors far to the East, to the Land of the Rising Sun.

Rose garden

If we talk about the rose garden, it’s worth starting with the history of the exhibition. Back in the middle of the last century, the scientific breeder Ivan Shtanko developed amazing varieties of roses that instantly became popular even abroad. To this day, the varieties Aurora, Yasnaya Polyana and Morning of Moscow are extremely popular outside Russia. The total area occupied by the rose garden is 2.5 hectares. In total, more than 270 different varieties of prickly beauty grow on the territory of the GBS. If we measure the number in the bushes, the figure will be about 6,000 units. Over the long history of the exhibition, the best varieties of roses from all over the world have been collected here. Many foreign rose research firms consider it an honor to collaborate with such a well-known organization as the Botanical Garden (Moscow). Throughout the years of its existence, the GBS address has more than once become the destination for considerable free gifts from partners.

To complete the picture, there are numerous ponds and reservoirs on the territory, framed by centuries-old oak trees. There is an exhibition called “Natural Flora”, which includes trees and shrubs from different regions of the country. These include:

Plantings
Types of forests in Siberia.
Representatives of cultures of the Far Eastern forest.
Seedlings imported from Central Asia.
Caucasian plantings.

Visitors, walking around the territory, can get acquainted with the standard of landscape design of the 50s of the last century, which is presented in the exhibition “Garden of Continuous Flowering”.

In conclusion, I would like to wish you aesthetic pleasure and unforgettable moments of unity with nature, which the Botanical Garden (Moscow) can give its guests. Now everyone knows how to get to the selection paradise.

Tsitsin Nikolai Vasilievich - academician of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin, director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow.

Born on December 6 (18), 1898 in Saratov in a peasant family. Russian. Graduated primary school. As a teenager he worked at a factory in Saratov.

In the years Civil War was a military commissar, participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd) and battles on the Southern Front, defended the Soviet Republic.

After the war, he graduated from the workers' faculty at the university in Saratov. In 1923-1927 he studied at the Saratov Institute of Agriculture and Land Reclamation.

After graduating from the institute in 1927-1932, he worked at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Grain Farming of the South-East as a researcher. On the fields of this institute (Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station), being at the same time an agronomist of one of the departments of the grain state farm "Giant" in the Salsky district of the Rostov region, N.V. Tsitsin began to conduct experiments that subsequently led him to brilliant results.

From the very beginning, N.V. Tsitsin was interested in the problem of creating more productive varieties of the main food crop - wheat - based on distant hybridization. He crossed wheat with wheatgrass and became the first wheat-wheatgrass hybrid. He widely involved in crossing wild and cultivated plants that had gone through independent evolutionary paths that determined their genetic isolation. Research conducted by the scientist in this direction has made it possible to create new plant varieties.

Since 1932, N.V. Tsitsin worked as the head of the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids at the Omsk Zonal Experimental Station, which was later reorganized into the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Farming (in 1936-1938 - director of the institute). Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1936). Here the scientist created mid-early (with a shorter growing season) varieties of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids, characterized by high yields and a complex of other economically valuable traits. At the same time, new varieties of wheat were created that had a branched ear structure. Before this, only forms of spring durum wheat existed in nature. The scientist managed to create varieties of winter soft branched wheat, that is, forms that previously did not exist in nature at all. One of Tsitsin's pioneering works was the creation of multigrain forms of wheat with particularly high productivity.

In 1938-1949 and in 1954-1957, N.V. Tsitsin was the director of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition (VSKhV) in Moscow; in 1938-1948 - Chairman of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Grains, Oilseeds and Herbs; in 1940-1949 - director of the Research Institute of Grain Farming in the Non-Black Earth Zone of the USSR; in 1940-1957 - head of the laboratory of remote hybridization of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1938-1948 - vice-president of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.I. Lenin (VASKhNIL). Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1938.

In the post-war years, N.V. Tsitsin created intermediate constant (stable in offspring) forms of wheat, which had a high protein content and competed in yield with the best standards of this crop. For the first time in the history of breeding and genetic science, he created a completely new species of wheat plant, which is of great scientific and practical importance - perennial wheat, which he named Triticum agropynotriticum. Tsitsin’s work on the creation of high-yielding lodging-resistant varieties and forms with shortened and filled straw was also of great practical importance.

The scientist and his collaborators successfully used polyploid forms of plants (containing several sets of chromosomes in cells) in breeding. In particular, a tetraploid variety of winter rye “Start” was created, which had high winter hardiness and productivity. Particularly interesting is the work of Tsitsin and his students on the hybridization of wheat, rye and barley with elymus (giant, sandy and soft). Based on 29 combinations of crossing soft and durum wheat with three types of elimus, 7 generations of wheat-elimus hybrids were obtained. In 1968-1969, in the process of hybridization of wheat with soft elymus, highly productive constant 42-chromosome hybrids were isolated for the first time. They were distinguished by their large ears and grains, containing over 20 percent protein and more than 40 percent gluten.

In 1945-1980, N.V. Tsitsin was the director of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences (GBS AS USSR), organized with his participation, chairman of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR (1953-1980), academician-secretary of the Department of Plant Growing and Breeding of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1966- 1968), President (1969-1975), Vice-President (1975-1980) of the International Association of Botanical Gardens.

Under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin, all landscape and construction work was carried out for the development of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition/VDNKh of the USSR and GBS. He was the initiator of organizing expeditions around the country to collect plants for the botanical garden. Since 1947, Tsitsin collected scientific library, in the funds of which already in 1952 there were 55 thousand books, including the rarest copies of the 16th-19th centuries in Russian and foreign languages. Since 1948, Tsitsin began publishing the “Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden”. Of the 200 newsletters issued from 1 to 120, he was the responsible editor. Under his leadership, an arboretum, one of the largest in Europe, was created on 75 hectares. During its existence, 2,500 species of woody plants were tested there. Of these, 1,800 were selected as completely sustainable, and of these, in turn, about 600 were recommended for landscaping in Moscow.

In 1952, on the initiative of N.V. Tsitsin, a network of botanical gardens of the USSR was created, and the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences became a kind of national coordinating and methodological center. The same year the greenhouse opened. By 1953, Tsitsin had completely completed the exhibition of the flora department, and by 1954, on the day of the second birth of VSKhV/VDNKh, the garden of continuous flowering, the garden of coastal plants and the collection rose garden were finally completed. In the village of Snegiri, Istrinsky district, Moscow region, Tsitsin organized an experimental garden farming on almost 1.5 thousand hectares.

On July 28, 1959, the Botanical Garden was opened to visitors. By the 1970s, all the main exhibitions of the garden were finally completed, and collection areas of geographical landscapes were created in the flora department. The garden under the leadership of N.V. Tsitsin became one of the largest in Europe. His collections included more than 20 thousand plant taxa (about 17 thousand were exhibited).

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 17, 1968 for outstanding services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the seventieth anniversary of his birth Tsitsin Nikolai Vasilievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1978, for outstanding services in the development of Soviet science and in connection with his eightieth birthday, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle.” Became twice Hero of Socialist Labor.

Delegate to the 20th Congress of the CPSU (1956). Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1st (1937-1946), 3rd-4th convocations (1950-1958).

Honorary foreign member of 8 foreign academies. He was president, chairman, and member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. President (1958-1970) and vice-president (since 1970) of the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations. More than 700 scientific works have been published, including 46 books and brochures. Has 8 copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.

Awarded 7 Orders of Lenin (12/30/1935; 06/10/1945; 11/10/1945; 11/19/1953; 12/17/1968; 09/17/1975; 12/15/1978), Orders of the October Revolution (12/18/1973), Labor Red Banner (11/16/1939 ), medals, including “For Military Merit” (10/28/1967), the gold medal named after I.V. Michurin, the French Order of Merit in the Field of Agriculture (1959). Laureate of the Lenin (1978) and Stalin 2nd degree (1943) USSR Prizes.
The name of N.V. Tsitsin was given to the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Essays:
Distant hybridization of plants, M., 1954;
The problem of winter and perennial wheat, M., 1935;
What will cross wheat with wheatgrass yield? M., 1937;
Research in the field of vegetative-sexual hybridization herbaceous plants with wood;
Proceedings of the Zonal Institute of Grain Farming of the Non-Black Earth Zone of the USSR, 1946;
Ways to create new cultivated plants, M., 1948;
The role of science and advanced practice in the rise of grain farming, M., 1954;
Perennial wheat, M., 1978;
Theory and practice of remote hybridization, M., 1981.

Country - named after N.V. Tsitsin is considered the largest in our country and Europe. Last summer he celebrated his 70th birthday.

Story

The historical past of the botanical garden is complex and rich. The date of creation recorded in the documents is 1945. This year, on the lands located on the territory of Ostankino Park, it was decided to organize a new botanical garden.

For 400 years, on the territory of the Ostankino estate there were impenetrable forests in which scattered villages were located. These same places were intended for hunting moose and bears by the royal rangers. Since 1558, this land, which was granted to Satin Alexei by Ivan the Terrible, has had many owners.

Since 1743, Ostankino passed into the hands of the Sheremetyevs through the marriage of Pyotr Borisovich to Princess Varvara Cherkasskaya. After all, the future wife received a lot of land as a dowry, including this estate. After a while, their son Nikolai Sheremetyev will take care of the protection of this unique place. He introduces a ban on grazing livestock, hunting, picking berries and mushrooms, and will require the manager not to allow “revelers” into the oak grove.

The end of the 19th century was marked by deforestation, unregulated grazing, and uncontrolled destruction of wild animals and birds.

After the revolution, laws were passed banning the cutting down of indigenous forest parks, which were strictly followed even in difficult times. war time, which saved the Ostankino estate.

Garden plants

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, especially its central part, is a unique protected area of the forest zone. There is no free access to the oak forest; its oak trees are on average about 160 years old, although there are also unique specimens that are up to 300 years old. There are birches, maples, spruce, aspen, rowan, etc. The crowns of the trees are hidden by huge bushes: hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, euonymus. Under them is a grass carpet of tender anemone, lungwort, fragrant lily of the valley, hairy sedge, chickweed, etc. They grow only in oak groves, which are recognized as the standard of the Central Russian broad-leaved forest.

All collections and displays of the garden are both natural and aesthetically suitable for the oak and birch trees growing here.

Today, the Tsitsin Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is 331 hectares of unique collection funds. These are more than 18,000 types and varieties of plants from different parts of our planet. In 1991, in a solemn ceremony, the main Russian botanical garden was named after the great academician and famous botanist, breeder and geneticist Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin, who led it for more than 35 years, from the first day of its foundation.

Territorial division

When creating the garden, the main task was to arrange indoor and outdoor exhibitions that could convey this or that natural area as fully as possible. For example, to demonstrate flora USSR departments were made:

European part of the union;

North Caucasus;

Region Siberia;

Middle Asia;

Far East.

At each of these sites were created special conditions, close to reality. Something like: adding special sand and stones, creating ponds or streams to increase humidity, or building special slides. All plants were planted in combinations found in real nature.

The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences became the site for the creation of an introduction nursery to test new plant species.

The exhibitions that exist today have received different names. They present plant exhibits from the Far East, Siberia, the Caucasus and of Eastern Europe.

On a huge area today you can see tundra plants, coniferous-deciduous, light-coniferous, dark-coniferous forests, deserts, steppes and meadows.

Assembling a garden collection required careful removal of plants from nature. To do this, starting in 1946, expeditions were sent to various natural areas Soviet Union. Participants paid special attention to rare or endangered species.

The floristic diversity of the garden is constantly changing. It was especially diverse in 1990. Today, the RAS Garden is a place of recreation for citizens and guests of the city.

Guests of the city, visiting various attractions of the capital, always come to the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow, presenting main garden country, offers to view various plant exhibitions.

Expositions of the flora of Eastern Europe and vegetation of Central Asia

Almost 6 hectares are occupied by an exposition of the flora of Eastern Europe. There are more than 300 types and species of plants: about 20 species of tree crops, approximately 30 species of shrubs and more than 200 species of herbaceous plants, most of which came from the Carpathians.

The Main Botanical Garden named after Tsitsin RAS has the oldest exhibition of vegetation in Central Asia. It was founded shortly before the war on the Sparrow Hills on the territory of the Moscow Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences. After the war, it was carefully transferred to the flora section (located in Ostankino). But it became available to visitors only in 1953. Natural botanical and geographical conditions were recreated here. Areas of mountainous terrain and deserts were created from tertiary clay. This zone contains conifers and alpine and subalpine meadows, steppes and rocky hills, and many species of endangered plants. You can view most of the exhibition from the top of the artificial slide.

Expositions of plants of the Caucasus, Siberia and the Far East

An exhibition of plants from the Caucasus occupies an area of almost 2.5 hectares. These are more than 300 species of tree plantations, including 23 rare and endangered species. They are located on artificial mountainous terrain and forest plains.

More than 200 plant species are collected in the exposition of the vegetation of Siberia. Of the exhibits presented here, more than 50 species are considered endangered or rare.

One of the most impressive collections is the exposition of the flora of the Far East. Almost 400 species of plants in this zone are located on an area of 8.5 hectares.

Thematic zones of the GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

In 1950, the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences completed the creation of an exhibition of useful wild plants. All perennial herbs are planted in ridges, in a neighborhood taken from nature. There are several types of shrubs and trees in this exhibition. The organizers, while developing and planting plant ensembles, compiled their classification based on their area of application.

The first part is essential oil, medicinal and insecticidal plants. They have an effect on various functions in the human or animal body and have toxic properties.

The second part is technical plants. These are fibrous, dyeing and tanning. Such plants have been and are now used in industry.

The third part is forage and melliferous. Plants that provide food for domestic animals (hay, silage, pasture).

The fourth part is food plant species. They are designed to maintain the vital functions of the human body. These are vitamin, flavoring, spicy, tea and infusion.

Arboretum

The Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS preserves about 1,700 tree and shrub plant species. They were collected on the territory of the arboretum (more than 75 hectares). The Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences is built like a landscape park, that is, the plants are systematized. This area is especially beautiful from early spring to autumn leaf fall. But in winter it is no less interesting to walk among the coniferous beauties covered with snow caps.

"Heather and Japanese Garden"

The arboretum has a special exhibition - “Heather Garden”. Special types of Erica and almost 20 varieties of heather were brought to it from Germany. It is located near the Laboratory building and is surrounded by conifers, barberries, spirea and rhododendrons.

An equally bright and unique exposition of the GBS is the “Japanese Garden”. It was created with the help of the Japanese Embassy in the capital. Rare species of sakura, ornamental tree species and herbs of the region were brought from the islands. They were picturesquely placed around artificial reservoirs with many bridges, pagodas and stone compositions.

A very mesmerizing collection of roses occupies almost 2.5 hectares.

Greenhouse specimens are considered priceless. They were imported from Brazil, Vietnam, Cuba, Madagascar and other countries of the equatorial zone. More than a hundred species of them are listed in the International Red Book.

A unique nursery in the Moscow Botanical Garden

In addition to the main scientific activities, GBS employees are engaged in the selection, breeding and sale of seedlings and seeds of known and new plant species. The nursery offers for sale deciduous trees, vines, shrubs, perennial herbs, clematis and fruit plants. Seedlings in the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences are very popular. Their prices are very low, and the quality of planting material is very high. Two retail outlets sell seedlings. One (the main one) is located on the street. Botanicheskaya, 31, opposite the main entrance to the GBS.

Special divisions of the RAS

Botanical Garden BIN RAS named after. Komarova V.L., is located in St. Petersburg, on Aptekarsky Island. It is a division of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Its history begins in the 18th century with an apothecary garden. It was established by Peter I. Initially, naturally, it was intended to grow medicinal plants on it.

By the middle of the 19th century, the Apothecary Garden was in great desolation, because there was no financial support at all. Alexander I gave his order to V.P. Kochubey, who presented a plan for rebuilding the garden. Now his main focus has become scientific activity. The allocation for the Apothecary Garden has almost doubled. Scientific expeditions even began to be organized. The garden actively developed until the beginning of the 20th century.

In connection with the celebration of the bicentenary of the Botanical Garden in 1913, it was named after Peter the Great. After the revolution, it became the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Soviet Republic. At the same time, the imperial residences and private greenhouses were transferred to him.

In 1930, the garden was reassigned to the USSR Academy of Sciences. The following year it was merged with the Botanical Museum. As a result, the Botanical Institute was created. During the blockade, despite the efforts of the workers, the garden was badly damaged. Therefore, in the post-war period, extensive restoration work was carried out. Now it is a huge garden-arboretum. He is very loved by residents of St. Petersburg and guests of the city.

Another unique division of the Academy of Sciences is the Botanical Garden of the UC RAS. Located in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The garden has gone through a long and difficult path of development.

Today he has a large collection of plants and is proud of the colorful scientific achievements in the field of research wild species flora of the republic and selection of ornamental plants.