Sore throat during pregnancy is quite a common occurrence, as the body experiences heavy stress, resulting in decreased immunity. Sore throat is an acute or chronic infectious inflammation of the throat, which without proper treatment leads to the development of other serious diseases. The difficulty during pregnancy is that many medications remain prohibited, and the negative impact on the development of the child is great.

In any trimester of pregnancy, any form of sore throat can develop: catarrhal, bacterial or purulent. Pathogens (staphylococci, adenoviruses, streptococci) are easily transmitted through household contact and airborne droplets.

You can distinguish a sore throat from other colds by the following signs:

• high temperature rise;
• severe pain, dryness and sore throat;
• dry cough;
• enlarged submandibular or parotid lymph nodes;
• deterioration of sleep, loss of appetite, drowsiness, apathy.

Upon examination, the therapist or infectious disease specialist notes a red, inflamed throat, the tonsils increase in size, and it is easy to notice a white or yellowish coating on them. With a purulent form of sore throat, purulent foci can additionally be detected.

When treating a sore throat during pregnancy, you must strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations. You should not take medications on your own or change their dosage. Only a therapist and an infectious disease specialist, taking into account the week of pregnancy, select safe drugs and calculate the dosage.

Therapeutic therapy for tonsillitis is not complete without antibiotics, disinfectants for treatment, irrigation and rinsing of the oropharynx, and herbal medicine.

First trimester

The first months of pregnancy are characterized by the formation of important organs of the fetus, and any infectious and inflammatory processes in a woman’s body can disrupt this process. Pregnancy occurs with complications and constant threats of miscarriage.

Sore throat during pregnancy during the first trimester leads to a lack of oxygen supply, and fetal hypoxia develops. The likelihood of miscarriage increases.

A rise in body temperature above 38.3 degrees leads to disturbances in the development and functioning of the child’s internal organs. Labor may begin ahead of schedule due to premature placental abruption.

If you notice the first symptoms of the disease, you should seek help from a specialist. It is not advisable to treat sore throat in early pregnancy with antibiotics. The doctor will select the safest therapy, but only if the sore throat is not accompanied by complications.

Second and third trimester

If a sore throat occurs during pregnancy in the second and third trimester, the threat to the unborn child remains, although not to such a strong degree:

• There is still a risk of developing oxygen deficiency due to impaired distribution of blood supply.
• Toxins cause fetal poisoning.
• The amount of nutritional components that are delivered to the fetus decreases, and there is a lag in its growth and development.

Treatment of sore throat in pregnant women in the 2nd and 3rd trimester is carried out with penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics.

Treatment of sore throat during pregnancy

To choose the right treatment method, a preliminary diagnosis is carried out. The doctor examines the patient’s throat, determines by touch the condition of the lymph nodes, listens to the chest and listens to the main complaints. Results will be required laboratory research. A smear is taken from the surface of the tonsils to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to a particular group of antibiotics. A blood test will help determine the extent of the infection.

Treatment of sore throat is often carried out with antibacterial agents.

The least safe and effective antibiotics for sore throat for pregnant women are: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin.

Sprays, tablets and lozenges are prescribed for slow resorption (“Antiangin”, “Lizobakt”, “Hexaliz”). They disinfect the mucous surface and eliminate inflammation.

An approved and proven method of treatment is rinsing the mouth with herbs (make decoctions based on sage, chamomile, calendula). The Furacilin solution disinfects surfaces, reduces inflammation, and relieves pain.

Antibacterial therapy

When choosing antibiotics for a sore throat during pregnancy, one should take into account their effectiveness against the infectious agent, as well as the severity of the disease.

Medicines should not have a negative effect on the fetus.

The approved drugs that are usually prescribed for inflammation of the tonsils are: Amoxiclav, Azithromycin, Augmentin, Vilprafen, Rovamycin, Flemoxin, Zinnat, Sumamed. The active components of these medications do not have a negative effect on the development of the child.

cephalosporin and penicillin series is carried out only in a hospital setting.

Nutrition and care

During the acute phase of a sore throat, it is recommended to lie in bed and drink plenty of fluids. The diet should include fortified foods. Additionally, you should take multivitamins. They will help increase the body's resistance to sore throat. Meals should be fractional, it is better to eat food in crushed form, so as not to further injure the sore throat.

It is better to avoid spicy, sour, salty, fatty and sweet foods, as they further increase the irritation of a sore throat and contribute to the spread of the infectious process. Avoid eating too hot food.

Local therapy

Lozenges and lozenges (Lizobakt, Faringosept, Imudon) help reduce pain, destroy bacteria and prevent their further spread.

Solutions for treating tonsils help remove plaque, disinfect the surface and reduce the area of ​​inflammation.

The bandage is wrapped around the finger, moistened in the solution and the throat is treated. Good and approved antiseptics are: Stomatidine, Chlorophyllipt, Lugol.

A local spray allows the composition to be evenly distributed and effectively combat the causative agent of the disease: “Miramistin”, “Stopangin”, “Ingalipt”.

• The Furacilin solution helps speed up recovery, relieve inflammation and reduce pain. To prepare it, just dissolve one tablet of the drug in water.
• Stopangin rinse solution does not need to be diluted before use. 13 ml is enough for one procedure.
• Rinsing with Miramistin helps. For one rinse, take 12 ml of solution.
• The drug "Rotokan" is prescribed. You will need to dissolve 5 ml of the composition in 180 ml of water.
• Soda solution is considered effective.

Regular gargling with decoctions of pharmaceutical herbs helps (calendula, chamomile, eucalyptus, and sage are considered effective).

Temperature with sore throat and pregnancy

Heat in the body during pregnancy can cause physical and mental problems in the development of the child.

At elevated temperatures, the blood begins to thicken and circulates more slowly in the body. The amount of oxygen and nutritional components reaching the fetus through the placenta is significantly reduced. Hypoxia develops. Therefore, lowering the temperature is not only possible, but necessary.

An antipyretic should be taken if the temperature rises high for a long time.

To reduce the temperature, it is useful to drink a lot of liquid (compote, raspberry, ginger, lemon tea with honey are suitable).

You can apply a towel soaked in cool water to your forehead. Herbal tea made from oregano, plantain and coltsfoot helps to quickly and safely reduce the temperature. Each herb is taken in an amount of 30 g. The mixture is poured with boiling water and left to infuse for 40 minutes. It is recommended to drink the prepared decoction three times a day, 90 ml.

If your body temperature rises to 39 degrees, you must take an antipyretic drug (Nurofen, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Panadol). Their use in the last months of pregnancy is highly undesirable. You can't bring down your temperature with Aspirin.

During pregnancy, specialists must decide. The therapist, taking into account the gynecologist’s recommendations about the peculiarities of the course of pregnancy, should prescribe appropriate medications. If treatment was started on time, then the disease can be eliminated in 7-9 days. Compresses should not be applied to the neck area; hot foot baths, heating and other thermal procedures are contraindicated.

What is the danger of sore throat during pregnancy?

If you start pregnancy late or choose the wrong drug therapy, the risk of complications increases.

The danger threatens not only the woman herself, but also the fetus, especially in the first and second trimester of pregnancy.

Penetration of the inflammatory process into neighboring organs becomes a provoking factor in the development of meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, severe heart disease and can even lead to blood poisoning. In this case, treatment in a hospital under the constant supervision of doctors is necessary.

In the case of a secondary infection, blood circulation is disrupted, blood flow to the placenta is reduced, hypoxia develops, intoxication of the fetus occurs, a lag in its growth and development, and premature placental abruption.

Prevention

To prevent the development of sore throat during pregnancy, a woman should follow a number of recommendations:

• Visits to crowded places should be limited;
• You should avoid contact with people who have colds;
• when visiting the clinic, it is recommended to wear a gauze bandage;
• during the cold season you need to start taking vitamins;
• The room needs to be regularly ventilated and wet cleaned.

It is easier to prevent a disease than to deal with unpleasant symptoms and possible consequences later. You can discuss this issue with your gynecologist and therapist, they will help you choose the appropriate means to protect against infections.

Sore throat, or acute tonsillitis, is an infectious and inflammatory disease of the tonsils. During pregnancy, this condition can occur at any stage, including just before childbirth. Is sore throat dangerous for pregnant women? How to treat acute tonsillitis in the third trimester?

Causes

The development of sore throat in pregnant women can occur in two ways. With exogenous infection in the body expectant mother pathogenic agents penetrate: viruses, bacteria, fungi. The source of infection will be a sick person with obvious manifestations of a sore throat, runny nose and sore throat. With endogenous infection, the patient’s own microflora is activated and inflammation occurs in the tonsils. The latter option is implemented in women suffering from chronic tonsillitis.

Among bacteria, the causative agent of the disease is most often group A b-hemolytic streptococcus. This microorganism has one unpleasant property. Penetrating into Airways, it not only provokes local inflammation, but also causes autoimmune reactions. Antibodies are formed that attack internal organs and nervous system person. After suffering from streptococcal tonsillitis, the development of rheumatism, glomerulonephritis and other equally serious complications is possible.

In addition to streptococcus, the causative agent of the disease can be staphylococcus and yeast-like fungi. Often, examination reveals a mixed bacterial flora. In young women, enteroviruses and adenoviruses can be the culprit of sore throat.

The development of sore throat is promoted by banal hypothermia and drinking cold drinks. Against this background, the most favorable conditions are created for the development of viruses and bacteria. Natural immune suppression also plays a role in the development of acute tonsillitis. The disease often occurs even in those women who, before conceiving a child, had not encountered anything more serious than a common ARVI.

Symptoms

Signs of tonsillitis during pregnancy have no specific differences:

• increased body temperature;
• chills, weakness and other signs of intoxication;
• sore throat that gets worse when swallowing, opening the mouth, or talking;
• soreness of regional lymph nodes.

The disease always begins acutely with a rise in body temperature and the appearance of chills. Often the development of a sore throat is preceded by a runny nose and other symptoms of ARVI. A few hours later, a sore throat, dryness, and sore throat develop. The lymph nodes in the neck enlarge and become sharply painful. The severity of the manifestations of angina will depend on its form, as well as on the general resistance of the woman’s body to infections.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, sore throat is quite difficult to tolerate. The growing uterus constantly puts pressure on the diaphragm, leading to shortness of breath. The woman's breathing is difficult. Many expectant mothers in later stages complain of nasal congestion (rhinitis during pregnancy). Against this background, a sore throat and high body temperature significantly worsen a woman’s general well-being, lead to increased shortness of breath and make normal breathing difficult.

Complications of pregnancy

High body temperature with sore throat has an adverse effect on the condition of the expectant mother. Severe intoxication can lead to premature initiation of labor and the birth of the baby ahead of schedule. Termination of pregnancy in the third trimester can also be caused by uncontrolled use of antipyretic drugs. After 24 weeks, any antipyretics can be used only at body temperatures above 38.5 °C and under the supervision of a physician.

Bacterial or viral tonsillitis in the third trimester can cause the following complications:

• premature birth;
• polyhydramnios;
• placental insufficiency;
• fetal hypoxia and delayed development.

The baby is not in danger of developing various defects of internal organs in the third trimester. In most cases, with timely treatment, angina proceeds safely and has virtually no effect on the health of the fetus and newborn.

Treatment methods

A sore throat due to a high temperature is a reason to consult a doctor. A local therapist treats tonsillitis. In many antenatal clinics We have our own doctor who specializes in treating pregnant women with various extragenital diseases.

Drug therapy for angina includes:

1. Taking antibacterial drugs.
2. Irrigation of the throat with antiseptic and antibacterial solutions.
3. Taking antipyretics (as indicated).

Antibiotics are an essential component in the treatment of bacterial sore throat. In the third trimester of pregnancy, macrolides are added to the already known penicillins and cephalosporins. Antibiotics from these groups are approved for use in expectant mothers and do not pose a danger to the fetus. The choice of a specific antibacterial drug is determined by the type of sore throat and the severity of the disease.

The course of treatment for sore throat lasts from 5 to 10 days and is usually carried out at home. Hospitalization to a hospital is indicated in the following situations:

• deterioration of the woman’s condition during therapy;
• tonsil abscess and other complications;
• violation of the fetal condition (decreased motor activity, changes in CTG);
• development of pregnancy complications (threat of premature birth, signs of fetal hypoxia, etc.).

For a viral infection, antibiotics are not prescribed. To increase the overall reactivity of the body, interferon inducers (Viferon and other drugs) are used. To maintain immunity, do not forget about taking multivitamins and a balanced diet.

Local antiseptic drugs are used for severe sore throat. In the third trimester, the list of approved drugs is quite large (Lizobact, Miramistin, Hexoral, etc.). Gargling with a decoction of calendula, chamomile, or a solution of furatsilin gives a good effect. To facilitate nasal breathing, you should rinse your nose with saline solutions every 2-3 hours. You can use vasoconstrictor drugs at night (no more than 3-5 days in a row).

1. Drink more fluids. Warm drinks relieve sore throat and relieve the condition.
2. Avoid hot, sour drinks, spicy foods and spices until complete recovery. These products injure the oral mucosa and slow down its healing.
3. If your body temperature is high, stay in bed.
4. Don't forget to ventilate the room.
5. Use air humidifiers to create an optimal microclimate.

Childbirth with angina usually takes place through the natural birth canal. The reason for a caesarean section may be a significant deterioration in the condition of the woman and fetus, as well as the development of complications. If necessary, treatment of angina continues in the postpartum period.

Sore throat during pregnancy is quite common. This is due to a decrease in the woman’s immune defense during pregnancy. The body of the expectant mother undergoes some changes in the endocrine, reproductive, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems, which leads to a partial malfunction of the name system.

A woman becomes more susceptible to infectious pathogens, so acute respiratory viral infections and exacerbations of chronic diseases are observed more often. In the third trimester of pregnancy, negative factors of an exogenous and endogenous nature affect the fetus to a lesser extent compared to the first months. This is due to:

• practically complete formation of organs and systems of the fetus, so they are not so susceptible to mutations;
• good protection of the placenta;
• the production of some protective factors in the fetal body.

The listed types of protection do not guarantee the absence of complications. There is still a high risk of placental insufficiency, fetal hypoxia, and premature birth.

The progression of sore throat contributes to the formation of abscesses and phlegmon in the oral cavity with spread to the tissue. As a result, the risk of neck swelling with difficulty breathing and the development of hypoxia increases. Bleeding is possible from the blood vessels that feed the tonsils when they melt purulently. The condition requires immediate medical attention.

Generalization of streptococcal infection leads to systemic complications. The infection predisposes to the development of rheumatic fever with damage to the valve apparatus of the heart, joints (migratory polyarthritis), and kidneys (glomerulonephritis). In sepsis, foci of infection can have different localizations, for example, in the lungs, kidneys, and skin.

With cardiac damage, a woman is worried about angina pectoris and shortness of breath. An electrocardiogram and ultrasound examination record changes characteristic of valve covers, myocarditis, endocarditis, and pericarditis.

Renal dysfunction is manifested by pain in the lumbar region, dysuric disorders. Laboratory urine tests detect bacteria increased level leukocytes, erythrocytes, protein. Ultrasound diagnostics reveals damage to the calyces, pelvis, and glomeruli of the kidneys.

The appearance of a sore throat is one of the first clinical signs that allows one to suspect the presence of an inflammatory process in the tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall.

Usually the next day you begin to feel unwell, your appetite decreases, and body aches appear, which is a sign of intoxication syndrome. The fever initially does not exceed 37.5 degrees (with catarrhal tonsillitis), but can reach 39 degrees in the case of the development of purulent tonsillitis. As the disease progresses, the pathological process spreads to the structures surrounding the tonsils, and the process of chewing, swallowing, and opening the mouth becomes difficult.

1. The catarrhal form is characterized by an increase in almonds due to infiltrative processes and swelling. They turn red, but have no plaque.
2. Follicular, lacunar forms develop with suppuration of the follicles, which are visualized in the form of grains, with the accumulation of purulent masses in the lacunae. Purulent films appear on the surface of the tonsils. As a result, a pronounced intoxication syndrome develops.
3. The ulcerative-necrotic form is manifested by the formation of ulcerative lesions on the surface of the tonsils. The plaque takes on a dull, gray color, and when you try to remove it, a bleeding wound is left. The process gradually covers the posterior pharyngeal wall, palate, uvula, and arches.

There are also secondary forms of tonsillitis, which develop as a complication of the underlying disease, for example, scarlet fever, infectious mononucleosis, enterovirus infection. Among the specific forms of tonsillitis, it is worth highlighting the fungal type, Simanovsky-Vincent tonsillitis.

Complex therapy for tonsillitis allows you to achieve good results in a short time, thereby preventing the occurrence of undesirable consequences. In order to minimize the load on a woman’s body, eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the severity of clinical symptoms, it is recommended to adhere to the following directions in treatment:

1. adherence to a certain daily routine and diet;
2. fight against streptococcus;
3. reduction of the inflammatory process, damage to the tonsils;
4. prevention of febrile hyperthermia;
5. strengthening the immune system.

Now we will analyze in detail what is included in each treatment point.

Compliance with the regime

Due to the fact that a pregnant woman’s immunity is weakened, it needs strength to recover, so sore throat during pregnancy requires bed rest for up to 10 days. During this period, the pathogen circulates through the bloodstream, so there is a high risk of complications.

Adequate antibiotic therapy allows you to cope with the pathogen in a shorter time, but the body still needs time to recover.

During the acute period, a woman can infect others around her, so the use of a medical mask is recommended.

Drinking plenty of fluids allows you to speed up the elimination of toxic substances released by pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, the concentration of toxins decreases, the severity of the intoxication syndrome decreases, which leads to a decrease in hyperthermia.

The drinking regimen may include compotes, juices, jelly, and fruit drinks. The enveloping properties of jelly prevent further damage to the tonsils and stimulate regenerative processes. In addition, it is worth noting that a proper drinking regimen prevents dehydration associated with increased sweating and shortness of breath.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, the drinking volume should be calculated by a doctor to avoid the appearance of edema.

The “pregnant” period, especially after 6 months, is quite often characterized by edema syndrome. This is due to compression of the veins and lymph vessels by the enlarged uterus, which causes the outflow of blood from lower limbs finds it difficult. The size of the uterus shifts the intestines, causing a woman to experience constipation, and pain in the lumbar region is caused by an increased load on the spine.

With regard to a nutritious diet, a woman is prohibited from following strict diets, since the body must receive a sufficient amount of nutrients to replenish energy reserves and increase immune defense.

During illness, chicken broth, vegetable and fruit juices, and light salads are recommended. Hard, fatty, fried, spicy foods, coffee, and carbonated drinks should be excluded from the diet.

In addition, a pregnant woman must:

• avoid stress;
• devote enough time to sleep and rest;
• Ventilate the room regularly.

The following is prohibited in treatment:

• independently remove films from the surface of the tonsils, which predisposes the spread of infection and the formation of an open wound;
• apply procedures related to high temperatures eg hot compresses, showers, foot baths;
• the use of antibacterial agents without prior consultation with a doctor, as well as premature termination of antibiotic therapy.

Early cessation of taking antibacterial agents leads to reactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, which is manifested by the return of clinical symptoms. It is worth noting that in this case it is advisable to prescribe antibacterial agents from a different group, since the pathogen could already have developed resistance to previous medications.

The danger of incomplete antibiotic therapy lies in the persistence of streptococcus in the body, the risk of developing serious complications against the background of mild symptoms.

Treatment of sore throat involves the use of antibacterial drugs necessary to eliminate the infectious pathogen. In the case of catarrhal tonsillitis, it is possible to do without systemic antibiotics, subject to early diagnosis and initiation of an intensive therapeutic course.

If a pregnant woman experiences a sore throat, she should immediately begin gargling with antiseptic solutions.

Timely initiation of therapy allows you to stop the spread of infection and reduce the inflammatory process. Even if it turns out that this is ordinary pharyngitis, rinsing will only bring benefits.

Purulent forms of tonsillitis require antibiotic therapy, taking into account the sensitivity of the pathogen. Usually the cause of sore throat is streptococcus, so drugs are used that have a detrimental effect on it.

• Penicillins, for example, Flemoxin, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. They are quite widely prescribed to pregnant women, as they do not have a negative effect on the fetus.
• Cephalosporins (Cephalexin, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime). Prescribed in the absence of effect, intolerance to penicillins. Not toxic to the embryo.
• Macrolides (Sumamed, Erythromycin) are used for a short course in the absence of the possibility of using the above antibiotics. Low risk side effects, however, may be prescribed in consultation with a doctor.

We emphasize that not all antibacterial agents are approved for use in pregnant women in the 3rd trimester:

1. Doxycycline, tetracycline - easily penetrate the placenta, disrupt the exchange of minerals, and are deposited in tooth buds, bones, and liver.
2. Fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ofloxacin) after overcoming the placental barrier damage articular structures (cartilage, ligaments, bones).
3. Macrolides (clarithromycin, roxithromycin) have a toxic effect on the embryo.
4. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin, gentamicin) when penetrating the fetus affect the kidneys and hearing organs, which leads to deafness.
5. Co-trimoxazole (Biseptol), when taken in high doses, overcomes the placental barrier, leading to the formation of heart defects and mutations.

You can act directly on the pathological focus using solutions for topical use. Thanks to regular rinsing and irrigation of the surface of the tonsils, it is possible to prevent the spread of infection and reduce inflammation.

Rinsing must be repeated every 2 hours, alternating with irrigation of the tonsils, resorption of tablet forms of drugs with antimicrobial action. Of the safest, widely used antiseptic solutions, we highlight the following.

1. Furacilin is an antimicrobial drug that has a detrimental effect on streptococci and staphylococci. To prepare the solution, dissolve 2 tablets in a glass of hot water, cool, and use for gargling. The medicine is also sold in a ready-to-use form.
2. Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic that allows you to cleanse the tonsils of microbes, purulent films, and reduce inflammation. For rinsing, a ready-made solution of 0.05% is used. If a different concentration is indicated, dilution with boiled water is required before use.
3. Miramistin is a modern antiseptic that is highly effective. For the convenience of irrigating the tonsils, the bottle is equipped with a special nozzle.
4. Ingalin is available in the form of a spray or solution, consisting of an antiseptic, eucalyptus oil, and mint. In addition to the antimicrobial effect, it has an anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.
5. Chlorophyllipt is an extract from eucalyptus leaves. Has anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial effect. Produced in the form of solution, spray, tablets.
6. Lizobact and Faringosept tablets are prescribed for resorption.

From folk recipes use a solution of soda and salt (1 tsp each) per glass of water. If there is no allergic reaction to iodine-containing drugs, you can add 2 drops of iodine. Rinse twice a day.

Fighting fever

Sore throat during pregnancy is often accompanied by hyperthermia. If the temperature reaches 37.5 degrees, the woman is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, take a warm shower, and wipe the body with a diluted vinegar solution.

When the temperature exceeds 38 degrees, in addition to the listed measures, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs. Antipyretics should not contain aspirin.

Prolonged febrile/hectic hyperthermia leads to hypoxia, fetal growth retardation, fetoplacental insufficiency, and premature birth.

Prevention of tonsillitis involves strengthening the immune system, preventing a decrease in immune defense even at the stage of pregnancy planning. Sore throat during pregnancy is quite common, but women should try to avoid it. What is needed for this?

• A preventive course of treatment for chronic diseases before pregnancy, which will reduce the risk of exacerbation of the pathology, which reduces immune defense.
• Treatment of infectious diseases at the stage of pregnancy planning.
• A healthy diet ensures sufficient intake of vitamins, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into the body of the expectant mother and fetus. Thanks to this, the embryo develops according to the gestation period.
• Good rest, sleep.
• Reducing the impact of stress to prevent hormonal fluctuations.
• Regular ventilation of the room, wet cleaning, use of a humidifier.
• Walks in the park area, trips to the forest, to the sea to change the climate and strengthen the immune system.
• Dosed physical activity, for example, water aerobics.
• Clothing must be appropriate for the weather, which will avoid hypothermia, the negative effects of drafts, and getting wet in the rain.
• Compliance with culinary technologies, which prevents the development of toxic infections, dysentery, and salmonellosis. It is also recommended not to visit unverified eating places.
• Maintain personal hygiene, frequent hand washing.
• Using a medical mask when talking to a sick person.
• It is necessary to avoid large gatherings of people, especially during periods of epidemic.

Finally, I would like to note that regular preventive examination by an obstetrician-gynecologist allows for timely diagnosis of pathology. Timely treatment is the key to a mild course of the disease and prevention of the development of severe complications.

During pregnancy, a woman can get sick with any infectious disease, including sore throat. Any illness caused by infection can adversely affect the development of the fetus. Obstetricians have long known that even with an asymptomatic or low-symptomatic course of the infectious process in a woman, the pathology in a child can be significantly pronounced. This is explained by the intensive reproduction of fetal cells, as a result of which they become more sensitive to the damaging effects of microorganisms and their toxins.

Feature infectious diseases pregnant women are unable to use many medicines, since they have a teratogenic effect (proven to affect the fetus) or have been poorly studied.

In its development, the fetus goes through stages corresponding to the formation of organs, their development and final differentiation. In terms of timing, these periods are conditionally correlated with the trimesters of pregnancy. Let's consider how tonsillitis can affect the fetus at different stages of its growth, as well as the features of treatment of this disease in each trimester.

First trimester

In the first months of pregnancy, a woman has a greater risk of developing a sore throat than usual. This is due to intense hormonal changes, behavioral changes, and pregnancy toxicosis. During this period, a woman more often visits medical institutions, where she is exposed to contact with patients.

At the same time, she continues to work, as a result of which she experiences additional stress. Her need for proteins and vitamins increases, which is not always met. As for immunodeficiency, it is not as common for pregnant women as is commonly believed. Immunity indicators in a healthy patient are most often within normal limits.

A woman’s symptoms are typical: the temperature rises quickly, a sore throat appears, and signs of intoxication develop.

The causative agent of the disease does not directly affect the fetus. Its toxins, released into a woman’s blood during inflammation, are dangerous. In addition, hypoxia (lack of oxygen and nutrients) develops during the disease.

If a woman gets a sore throat in the first days of pregnancy, the death of a fertilized egg or embryo cannot be ruled out. At a later stage, the formation of the placenta is disrupted, and primary placental insufficiency develops. Subsequently, it can transform into secondary failure, which is characterized by fetal hypoxia, delayed fetal development, premature birth and other pregnancy complications.

Fetal deformities may even develop if exposure to toxins occurred at particularly important times for the development of a particular organ. For example, there is a violation of brain development (micro- or hydrocephalus), intracranial calcification (“ossification”), heart defects, and disorders of the formation of limbs.

The first trimester is the most dangerous in terms of miscarriage, diseases and developmental disorders of the fetus due to illnesses in the mother.

Second trimester

If a pregnant woman gets a sore throat in the second trimester of pregnancy, the most common complication will be placental insufficiency. As a result, the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus is disrupted, it grows more slowly and develops worse.

In some cases, under the influence of toxins, damage to the developing eyes of the unborn child, chorioretinitis, is observed; in the future, this complication can lead to blindness. The fetal liver also suffers, and the spleen enlarges.

Polyhydramnios often develops, and spontaneous termination of pregnancy cannot be ruled out, especially when several unfavorable factors are combined (for example, pregnancy occurring against the background of TORCH infections).

Third trimester

In the last months of pregnancy, sore throat has less of an impact on the developing baby. Firstly, his organs are already largely formed and are not so defenseless against toxic substances. Secondly, a well-formed placenta plays a protective role. Thirdly, the fetus itself is capable of responding to certain influences by developing its own protective factors.

However, tonsillitis suffered in the third trimester can lead to placental insufficiency, delayed fetal development and premature birth.

On the other hand, the woman herself suffers more. Early complications occur more often: peritonsillar abscess, otitis media, sinusitis and others. It is possible that late complications may develop: damage to the heart, joints, and kidneys.

Treatment of sore throat during pregnancy

Self-medication of sore throat while carrying a child is unacceptable. Having discovered the first signs of this disease, a woman should remain in bed and call a doctor at home. She is not allowed to visit the clinic.

Main events:

• daily routine and diet;
• local antiseptic drugs;
• , antipyretics, painkillers;
• vitamins.

Mode and nutrition

During the period of fever, strict adherence to bed rest is necessary. After the temperature dropped, her health improved, the patient can move around the apartment, but not engage in any active activity. You need to know that for at least 10 days after recovery, the woman is still a source of infection. Therefore, she should limit close contacts with children, the elderly, weakened people, or wear a medical mask.

It is advisable to drink more fluid. Green tea, rosehip decoction, unsweetened dried fruit compote, weak black tea with lemon, and warm milk are suitable. Nutrition should be sufficiently high in calories, especially during the recovery period. If a woman cannot eat due to a sore throat, she should eat broth, fermented milk products, but no more than 1 - 2 days, and then switch to regular food. It is better to steam or bake dishes; liquid porridges, pureed soups, steamed cutlets, and vegetable puree are useful.

Antibacterial therapy

Not all antibiotics can be taken for sore throat during pregnancy. In the first trimester, their list is extremely limited. The doctor may prescribe drugs from the penicillin group (phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin), including amoxiclav, which is more resistant to bacterial enzymes. Cephalosporins of all 4 generations are approved for use, for example, cephalexin, cefaclor, cefotaxime, cefepime.

Macrolides, in particular azithromycin, can also be used when treating pregnant women. A short course of administration makes this remedy one of the drugs of choice for sore throat in pregnant women. In severe cases, with the development of purulent complications, carbapenems, for example, meropenem, can be used.

Treatment with antibiotics always carries a potential danger for the fetus and mother, so they should be prescribed by a good specialist who can see the line beyond which the undoubted benefits of antibiotics begin to become less than the harm caused by these drugs.

Unfortunately, the most studied and safest phenoxymethylpenicillin to date does not always help with sore throat. This is due to the development of microbial resistance to this drug.

Antiseptic preparations for topical use

To speed up recovery, relieve symptoms, and reduce the risk of complications, a pregnant woman with a sore throat should use local medications: sprays, inhalations, rinses. Here is a list of the most effective and safe medicines.

Furacilin– an antimicrobial agent active against staphylococci, streptococci and other most common pathogens. It is available in tablets and solution. To prepare a solution of furatsilin, you need to dissolve 2 tablets of the drug in a glass of boiling water, cool and gargle several times a day. It is more convenient to use a ready-made solution.

Chlorhexidine– antiseptic, cleanses and disinfects tonsils, removes purulent plaque from them. Available in the form of a ready-made solution. To gargle, you need to use a solution at a concentration of 0.05%. If a higher concentration is indicated on the package (0.2% or 0.5%), before use, such a solution should be diluted with warm boiled water in a ratio of 1:4 and 1:10, respectively.

Miramistin– a highly effective modern antiseptic, fully approved for use in pregnant women. It comes in a convenient bottle with a nozzle that sprays the drug deep into the throat. Such irrigation can be carried out several times during the day.

Ingalipt– an antimicrobial drug that also contains thymol, eucalyptus and mint oils. In addition to the antibacterial effect, it has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Available in a convenient spray form that can be easily applied to affected tonsils.

Chlorophyllipt– an extract from eucalyptus leaves, a natural preparation that has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral effects. Available in the form of a solution for rinsing, an oil solution for lubricating the tonsils, and also in the form of lozenges.

Add local therapy You can gargle with an infusion of chamomile, calendula, linden blossom and other herbs with a disinfectant effect.

Such decoctions should not be taken orally, since their effect on the body of a pregnant woman can be unpredictable.

Other drugs

To reduce fever, a pregnant woman can take paracetamol. For severe sore throat, severe inflammation and swelling, the doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, for example, ortofen. And, of course, the patient must take the vitamins prescribed to her.

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