In 1863, to distinguish the game from other forms of football that existed at the time, such as rugby football ( "rugby football", "football according to the rules of Rugby School"), where handball was allowed. Over time, the long names seeing “association football” began to be shortened in everyday speech and print. At first, the abbreviation “assoc.” was common in England, then in the 1880s the term “soccer” was formed from it by adding to the abbreviation "-soc-" suffix "-er" Oxford style(by analogy, rugby football was abbreviated as “rugger” (English rugger)). The term "soccer" has been used in periodicals since at least 1892.

Nowadays, the name “soccer” is common in a number of English-speaking countries, where other types of football historically continue to be popular. For example, in Australia and New Zealand, football is historically referred to as Australian rules football or rugby league. In Ireland, the term "football" refers to Gaelic football, which is why "soccer" is used in the press. In South Africa, the majority game is known as "soccer", which is reflected in the name of the South African championship, "Premier Soccer League", and the Soccer City stadium, which hosted the 2010 World Cup final. In the USA and Canada, the term “soccer” is used, since American football and Canadian football are called football. In England, the name "soccer" is outdated and new generations of fans now consider it disparaging.

In other languages ​​the name of the game is:

• or borrowing English word football, as in Russian - “football”, in Portuguese - futebol;
• or a tracing paper of the word football, as for example in German - Fußball, Greek - ποδόσφαιρο , Finnish - jalkapallo, Hebrew - כדורגל , Karelian - jalgamiäččy and Adyghe - l'epeyeu;
• or derived from the words “kick”, “leg”, etc., as in Italian - calcio, Croatian - nogomet.

History of football

Early varieties of football

Ball games were played in many countries. In China, this variety was called Zhu-Ke. In ancient Sparta the game was called "Episkiros", and in Ancient Rome"Harpastum". Somewhere in modern times, games were held in the Bryansk lands, the equipment of which was a leather ball the size of human head stuffed with feathers. These competitions were called “shalyga” and “kila”. Around the 14th century, the Italians invented the game Calcio. They were the ones who brought this game to British Isles.

First rules

Legalization of professionalism and spread throughout the planet

In the 1880s, football became popular in society. The number of clubs in the Football Association exceeded 100. At the same time, rumors began to circulate that some clubs were paying players salaries, and according to the original plan of the association, football was an exclusively amateur sport. Therefore, in 1882 the following clause was added to the rules:

Any player of a club who receives any form of remuneration or monetary compensation from the club in excess of his personal expenses or means in connection with attending a game shall be automatically suspended from Cup competitions or any FA competitions. and in international tournaments. The club that hired such a player is automatically expelled from the Association.

In early 1884, Upton Park accused Preston North End of paying wages to its players. Preston president William Saddell also admitted this. The club was expelled from the FA. And in 1885, the Football Association still allowed football players to be paid salaries. This led to the creation of the world's first regular Football League. Preston North End became the champion of this tournament. On November 30, 1872, the first ever international match was played. It was played between the national teams of England and Scotland. FIFA, the governing body of football, was founded in Paris in 1904. It included: Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain (as FC Madrid), Sweden and Switzerland.

Start of international competitions

Following the election of Jules Rimet as FIFA President in 1921, a proposal was ratified to designate subsequent Olympic football tournaments as "World Amateur Football Championships". These tournaments - 1924 and 1928 - were won by the Uruguay team. Thanks to these successes, the Uruguayan Football Association had no competitors in the fight to organize the first ever FIFA World Cup (better known in Russian simply as Soccer World Cup), which took place in 1930. The Uruguayans became the winner of the home championship, three-time world football champions and the first winners of the FIFA World Cup. This was the beginning new era in the history of football. Until 1970, this trophy bore the name of Jules Rimet and was also known as the “Goddess Nike Cup,” but after the third victory of the Brazilian national team at the World Cup, it was given to her for eternal storage. Instead, the modern World Cup began to be played.

Rules of the game

There are 17 official rules of the game, each containing a list of stipulations and guidelines. These rules are intended to apply at all levels of football, although there are some changes for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with disabilities. Laws are very often formulated in general terms, which make their application easier depending on the nature of the game. The rules of the game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).

Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Rules for unofficial competitions may reduce the number of players to a maximum of 7. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play with their hands provided they do so within the penalty area of ​​their own goal. Although there are various positions on the field, these positions are optional.

A separate football game is called a match, which in turn consists of two halves of 45 minutes. The pause between the first and second halves is 15 minutes, during which the teams rest, and at the end of it they change goals.

The goal of the game is to score the ball into the opponent's goal, do this as many times as possible and try to prevent a goal from being scored into your own goal. The match is won by the team that scores the most goals.

If the teams score the same number of goals during two halves, then either a draw is recorded or the winner is determined in accordance with the established regulations of the match. In this case, extra time may be assigned - two more halves of 15 minutes each. As a rule, teams are given a break between the main and extra time of the match. Between extra periods, teams are given only time to change sides. At one time in football there was a rule according to which the winner was the team that scored a goal first (the “golden goal” rule) or won at the end of any of the extra periods (the “silver goal” rule). At the moment, extra time is either not played at all or played in full (2 halves of 15 minutes each). If it is not possible to identify a winner during extra time, a series of post-match penalties are held, which are not part of the match: five shots are taken at the opponent’s goal from a distance of 11 meters by different players. If the number of penalties scored by both teams is equal, then one pair of penalties is taken until a winner is identified.

Field

Standard dimensions of a football field

Matches can be played on both natural and artificial turf fields. According to the official rules of the game of football, artificial turf must be green. The playing field has the shape of a rectangle. The side line must be longer than the goal line. It was decided that the field size should be 100-110 m (110-120 yards) long and at least 64-75 m (70-80 yards) wide, but this requirement was then suspended.

Marking

Marking width

Field markings are made with lines no more than 12 cm (5 inches) wide; these lines are included in the areas they limit. All lines must be the same width.

Name of field lines

The two long lines that border the field of play are called lateral lines; two short lines - front lines or goal lines, since the gates are located on them.

middle line

The field is divided into two halves using midline connecting the midpoints of the lateral lines. A mark is made in the middle of the center line center field- a solid circle with a diameter of 0.3 m (1 ft). A circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards) is drawn around the center of the field. The kick-off is taken from the center field mark at the beginning of each half of regular and extra time, as well as after each goal scored. When taking the kick-off, all players must be in their own half of the field, and the opponents of the team taking the kick must be outside the center circle.

Gate area

gate area- the area from which a goal kick is taken.

From points 5.5 m (6 yards) from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 5.5 m (6 yards) these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. Thus, the dimensions of the goal area are 18.32 m (20 yards) by 5.5 m (6 yards).

Penalty area

Each half of the field is marked penalty area- an area in which the goalkeeper can play with his hands, and a penalty kick will be awarded against a team that commits an offense punishable by a free kick in its own penalty area.

From a point 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m (18 yards) these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. The dimensions of the penalty area are therefore 40.32 m (44 yards) by 16.5 m (18 yards). Within the penalty area, in the center of the goal line and 11 m (12 yards) from it, a penalty penalty mark- a solid circle with a diameter of 0.3 m (1 ft). Outside the penalty area, an arc of a circle with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yards) is drawn, the center of which is on the penalty mark. This arc is used to position team players when taking a penalty kick.

Corner sectors

In each of the four corners of the field, an arc with a radius of 1 m (or 1 yard) is drawn, centered in the corner of the field, limiting the sector for taking corner kicks.

At a distance of 9.15 m (10 yards) from the boundaries of the corner sectors, marks may be placed on the touch lines and goal lines (on the outside of the lines, adjacent to them at right angles) used to determine the distance at which players are when a corner kick is taken. .

Also, at each corner of the field, flags must be placed on flagpoles at least 1.5 meters (5 feet) high, which do not have points at the top.

Ball

Soccer ball

The ball consists of 3 parts: tires, lining and inner tube.

The cover is the outer shell of the ball that is struck.

Lining - the middle shell of the ball, the thickness of which determines the strength of the ball (the thicker, the stronger)

The chamber is the central shell of the ball into which air is pumped for more convenient striking.

Standard provisions

Balls A, B and C are in play, but ball D is out of play.

There are set pieces in football. The standard provisions in football are penalty kicks, free kicks, corner kicks and other kicks that are taken at the signal of the referee.

The standard provisions are:

• Jump ball. Done by the referee throwing the ball between two opposing players. Invoked when the game was stopped due to a situation not related to the rules. Reminds me of a hockey throw-in.

Violations of the rules

Player scores a penalty

Fouls (violations)

The most common violations are:

• Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent
• Tripping or attempting to trip an opponent
• Jump on an opponent
• Opponent's attack
• Pushing your opponent with your hands
• Hitting or attempting to hit an opponent
• And others

Unruly behavior

Undisciplined behavior in football can be represented by the following phenomena:

• Obscene language and gestures
• And so on

International competitions

The most prestigious competition is the World Championship, held every 4 years. The first drawing took place in 1930 in Uruguay. About 200 national teams are participating in qualifying for the World Cup.

Tactics

Many clubs around the world have schemes with the position of “libero” or “sweeper”. He sits behind the center backs and corrects their mistakes. This scheme was first tried by Elinio Herrera during his work at Internazionale.

During the work of Rinus Michels at Ajax, the concept of “total football” appeared. This means that players can change positions on the field depending on the circumstances. Due to this, Ajax and the Dutch national team, which was later coached by Rinus, achieved great success.

Football in the world

Children playing football

Football structures

Organizations

There are a number of organizations responsible for the control, management and distribution of football. The main one is FIFA, located in Zurich, Switzerland. It organizes international competitions on a global scale, in particular the World Championships. At the continental level, the football population is provided by 6 organizations: CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, UEFA, CAF, AFC, OFC. FIFA is trying to expand football beyond Europe and South America. In 2002, the World Championships were held in Japan and South Korea, and in 2010 - in South Africa. Football is most developed in Europe. The 20 richest clubs are located there. Of the 700 players who took part in the 2006 World Cup, 102 played in England, 74 in Germany, 60 in Italy, 58 in France. Players mainly go to Europe because of high salaries and participation in the strongest leagues in the world.

Clubs

A football club is the basic unit of the entire football structure. He is the link between players, staff and organizations. Essentially, this is a team of football players, part of one of the organizations, which has a certain infrastructure and support staff.

Judges

Referees keep order on the football field. Their job is to determine if the rules have been broken.

The role of the judge

Before the match, referees must check the goal net and football field markings and conduct an analysis of weather conditions. After the game, the referees write a protocol in which they explain all their decisions. During the game, the referee must determine, for example, how much time will be added to the regulation or whether the ball has crossed the goal line or not. If a player, at the discretion of the referee, has violated a rule, he must award a free kick. The referee may issue a warning to the player or stop the match for any reason. On average, a referee runs 10 kilometers per match.

Assistant referees

In addition to the chief referee in football, there are also assistant referees (side referees). They help determine the offside position, as well as the ball going beyond the side and end lines of the field. They can also tell the main referee in a situation where he did not see a violation of the rules or a goal. In 2012, UEFA increased the number of assistant referees by adding referees behind each goal.

Pressure

Judges are often not forgiven for mistakes in decisive matches. Due to slow replays, it is easy for fans to see the referee's wrong decision. For example, in one of the matches of the 2002 World Cup, Turkish national team player Hakan Unsal hit the Brazilian Rivaldo in the leg, and he began to hold his face. Unsal was shown a red card, but after a post-match review, Rivaldo was fined £5,180 for simulation. At the 2006 World Cup, referee Graham Poll forgot to send off a player after a second yellow card, and at the following World Cup the referee disallowed a clear Frank Lampard goal.

Use of technical means

Due to the high complexity of decision-making by referees and, as a consequence, frequent mistakes, the question of allowing them to use technical means has been repeatedly raised - as, for example, has long been done in basketball. To ease the burden in the most critical cases - play in the penalty area and goals - UEFA introduced additional goal referees in 2012, and the Automatic Goal Detection System was used in the 2013 Confederations Cup and the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.

Youth football

Some players make their presence felt in childhood, when they play in amateur teams or in regional competitions. Well-known clubs send scouts to small towns, who attend training sessions and look out for promising players. The clubs also have football schools. One of the most famous schools is the Ajax school.

For many athletes, this hope remains a dream - many are inferior in talent to other football players, and others are not taken due to lack of physical preparation. For example, Michel Platini was refused entry to the French club Metz due to poor heart function, and Sean Wright-Phillips was not allowed to play for Nottingham due to his short stature.

Youth competitions

While the players are not first team players. They have the opportunity to participate in competitions for schoolchildren and youth. The most prestigious competition is the World Cup. It is held under the auspices of FIFA. For example, in 1991, the Portuguese team, led by players such as Luis Figo and Rui Costa, won the competition, and ten years later, Javier Saviola helped Argentina win the championship and became the tournament's top scorer, ahead of equally famous players Djibril Cissé and Adriano.

Professional football

Rentals

Many football players cannot get into the main squad due to fierce competition. To gain playing practice, they can be leased to another club, usually of a lower status. Lease terms can range from several months to 2 years. Manchester United loaned David Beckham to Preston for 6 weeks and Tottenham loaned Mido for 18 months. Spanish striker Fernando Morientes scored 24 goals for the national team, but was loaned to Monaco by Real Madrid and helped the club reach the Champions League final.

Training and injuries

Injuries in football happen frequently. In the 1997/1998 and 1998/1999 seasons, more than 6,000 injuries were recorded by the English Football Federation. Injured players are treated by physiotherapists and surgeons. It takes months to recover from injuries.

Responsibility

Top footballers are treated in the same way as music and film celebrities. Some use their money for charitable purposes, sponsoring the construction of schools and hospitals, and also open their own academies for young football players. Players often give interviews and appear in commercials. It is very difficult for young players to limit themselves from constant communication with the press, as some media besiege their homes or follow on the heels of their family members. If a football player makes a mistake, be it speeding or participating in a carousing, he is treated unkindly by major media companies.

Competitions

Competitions in football, as in any other sport, are an important component of the game. The competition is organized by the federation; for each tournament, regulations are drawn up, which usually determine the composition of the participants, the tournament layout, the rules for determining the winner in case of equality of points, and any deviations from the rules, for example, the number of substitutions. Competitions are divided into domestic and international, which in turn are divided into club and national teams. Football tournaments attract tens of thousands of spectators in the stands of the stadium and audiences of millions on television.

The most famous competitions are:

• National teams
• Club

• National teams
• Club

• National teams
• Club

• National teams
• Club

Types of football

Table soccer

There are many varieties of football, mostly with fewer players, including: futsal (AMF) and futsal (FIFA) - mini-football (played indoors on a special surface), showball (played in an adapted hockey box with artificial turf), yard football (played on any surface on fields of any size by any number of people), beach football (played on sand), “river football” (knee-deep in water, annual tournament in the English city of Burton), “swamp football” (played on swamp), freestyle football (consists of performing all kinds of feints and tricks), rushball (played on a field divided into goalkeeper, free kick, attack, defense and neutral zones), footdoubleball (played with two balls).

There is a National Football Museum in Manchester, which shows fifteen-minute films about outstanding matches of the past; in the halls of the museum there are wax figures of famous players, various exhibits from the history of football.

Original text (English)

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world, and its popularity is growing in the United States. It has been estimated that there were 22 million soccer players in the world in the early 1980s, and that number is increasing. In the United States soccer is now a major sport at both the high school and college levels.

" - ISBN 0873226747.

Mazumdar, Partha The Yanks are Coming: A U.S. World Cup Preview (English). Embassy of the United States in London (June 5, 2006). Retrieved June 6, 2009. Archived November 27, 2012.

Baily's Magazine of Sports & Pastimes, vol. lvii. - London: Vinton, 1892. - P. 198.

The Irish Times: Soccer. Retrieved November 28, 2012. Archived November 29, 2012.(English)

Independent.ie: Soccer. Retrieved November 28, 2012. Archived November 29, 2012.(English)

, p. 10.

, p. 10.

, p. 14.

England “stole” football in the Bryansk region, Vladimir Mitrofanov (October 13, 2010). Retrieved June 24, 2013.

, p. 17.

IN modern world There are a huge number of different sports in which hundreds of thousands of people take part, and millions watch their confrontations. And among all this diversity, football stands out the most. It is the most popular sport in the entire world, it has the most fans, it makes the most money, it attracts the most impressive amount of attention. But what is football? If you don’t know this, then it’s time for you to look into this issue. And when you find out what football is, then, most likely, you will want to root for some team, and maybe even play.

What it is?

So, the first question that needs to be answered is what is football. And the answer turns out to be much simpler than you might think. This is a team sport in which two teams compete against each other in one match.

The goal of this game is to protect your own goal from enemy attacks, as well as to strike his goal with a ball that can be touched by any part of the body except the hands. However, as can be understood from the name of the sport (foot translates from English as “leg”, and ball as “ball”), basically all actions are performed using the legs.

Now it’s time to understand the rules of this game in more detail in order to finally understand what football is.

Rules of the game

Football is played by two teams of eleven people, ten of whom are field players and the eleventh is a goalkeeper. He defends his team's goal. The goalkeeper, by the way, is the only team player who can touch the ball with his hands, and he must do this only within his own penalty area.

The match lasts ninety minutes and is divided into 2 equal halves, between which there is a 15-minute break. There are a huge number of rules in football, so there is no point in describing them all. It is necessary to focus on the most important of them:

1. As you can easily guess, the team that scores more goals to the opponent wins.
2. There are a number of actions, such as hitting the legs or handballing the field, that lead to a penalty kick being awarded. In case of serious violations of the rules, the player who committed the foul receives a yellow card, which serves as a kind of warning. If this player commits another such serious foul, he will receive a red card and will be sent off for the rest of the match.
3. If we are talking about a standard match, then it can end in a draw - then each team will receive one point. Otherwise, the winner gets three points and the loser gets 0.
4. If the match is in the playoff stage, that is, a draw result is unacceptable; after the end of regular time, if the score is equal, overtime is assigned, that is, two more halves of 15 minutes each.
5. If during this time the teams fail to identify the winner, then a series of penalties begins - free kicks from the penalty mark, which represent a duel between a player of one team and the goalkeeper of the other. The standard number of strikes is 5 on each side. If a winner has not emerged during this time, the teams continue to strike until someone makes a mistake.

Football as a team sport is very entertaining and exciting, and over time you can get used to the huge number of rules that limit the actions of the players. You will learn what “out”, “offside” are, what tactical formations there are and much more. But all this cannot be described in detail, so you better start watching football on your own.

History of football

However, all the rules that exist in football now were not there originally. The history of football is quite interesting and unusual. The first semblance of football appeared in ancient China, where groups of people played a team game with a ball, kicking it with their feet.

However, in its modern version, this sport originated in England; this country is most often referred to as the birthplace of football. Then an unlimited number of players gathered on the streets of London, and there was one rule - no rules. Often such “matches” ended in bloodshed, injuries, and sometimes deaths. This is why football was banned for a long time. It was only in the nineteenth century that a movement began to make football a full-fledged sport.

Then organizations such as FIFA and UEFA began to appear, each country had its own football federation, and football finally became what everyone is used to seeing it today. Naturally, the history of football has a huge number of milestones and important moments that allowed this sport to become the most popular in the world.

Club football

Nowadays football is played at two levels: club and national. If we talk about the first, then each country has its own championship, which is held annually and lasts about 9 months.

In parallel, the Cup of this country is held, according to the playoff system, and based on the results of domestic tournaments, teams are selected that represent their country at the international level.

The best clubs compete in the Champions League, and slightly less good ones - in the Europa League. Leading national championships can send up to seven teams to Eurocups at the end of the season, while smaller countries usually have one or two places and still have to compete for them in qualification.

National football

We should also talk about national football, that is, about the confrontation between national teams of countries around the world. Each state has its own national team, to which players from any clubs who have the appropriate nationality can be invited. The national teams defend the honor of their countries at the World Championships, which are held every four years. European teams also participate in the European Championships, African teams in the African Nations Cup and so on.

Russian football

And, of course, Russian football deserves special attention. The Russian team is not one of the strongest in the world, unlike the USSR team, which won the first ever European Championship in 1960. Now Russian football, unfortunately, is in stagnation, and the national team has not been able to reach the playoff stage of any major international tournament for a long time.

"How many players are there in a football team?" - this is a very simple question. But it is worth noting that many people who do not understand this sport are often mistaken and do not know this.

Football and its “components”

So, eleven athletes from the starting lineup, as well as a reserve, is how many players are on the football team. Of course, each of them takes his own position. Everyone has their own role. The main positions are forward, defender and midfielder. And, of course, the goalkeeper. The composition of a football team always looks like this. But this is if we talk about the classic look of this sport. How many players play on one field in football? If 11 people play on one team, then, accordingly, the match is played by 22 athletes in total. Ten of each team play actively on the field, and one player stands at the goal. But this is only a primitive consideration of such a deep game as football. So we should take a closer look at the positions and their significance, which is certainly great.

Attack

Perhaps, when talking about how many players are on a football team, the first thing we should mention is the striker. This is the attacking player who is closest to his opponent's goal. His main goal is to score a goal. This position also has other names: “forward”, “scorer” or “striker” (but the latter is used less often). The center forward is concerned with only one thing - sending the ball into the opponent's goal. Many forwards are in the penalty area or close to it. The striker is constantly looking for an opportunity to take the ball and score it. For him, high speed is not so important as the ability to appear at the right time in the right place. And, of course, a high-precision strike. But there is another type of forward - these are powerful athletes with high physical fitness who play excellently with their heads and know how to cover the ball in time. Other attackers are distinguished by incredible technique, amazing the audience with their dribbling and deceiving the opponent with it. With their deceptive movements, they are able to get as close as possible to the goal and score the ball into it.

Defender

Wing, free, central - a defender can occupy several positions. But his task is to defend. He operates between the midfielder and the goalkeeper, mainly in his own half of the field, near the penalty area. The main goal of a defender is to prevent the other team's attacker from scoring a goal or getting close to the goal. The main position is central. Such a defender plays near the middle of the field, where there are often two players who are located between the penalty area and the center itself. This is an extremely important area and defensive strategies must be followed. Central defenders are often tall and well-built athletes who are excellent heading players. It is very important that this position be given to a competent player who not only makes good passes, but can also see the entire field. An immediate reaction is needed here.

Midfielder

Speaking about how many players in a football team act on the field, special attention should be paid to such a position as a midfielder. Perhaps we can call it the most popular. In many teams (for example, in the well-known “Bavaria”, Munich) three, four, or even more midfielders appear on the field in matches. It should be noted that the number that is used to calculate how many players in a football team occupy the position of midfielder is quite large. They operate between attack and defense. The main task is to help defensive and attacking players. There is a central midfielder, a holding midfielder, a playmaker, an attacking midfielder, a winger and a “penalty-to-penalty” player. So, the first one listed is the mainstay of the team. He creates scoring chances. This requires the art of passing, a powerful accurate shot and dribbling.

Goalkeeper

Regardless of how many players a team may have, the most important position remains the goalkeeper. The goalkeeper is the one who determines how many goals the team will “save.” This requires extreme attentiveness and instant reaction. The goalkeeper must be in constant tension, since in most cases the number of goals conceded depends on him. In addition, he must have a powerful blow. After all, the goalkeeper’s task is not just to hit the ball or catch it. You also need to submit it back. And of course, he must be able to score. There are many cases in the history of football when a goalkeeper scored a penalty against a goalkeeper from the opposing team. Just remember how one of the greatest goalkeepers in the world, Manuel Neuer, scored an excellent penalty with a precise shot against Petr Cech.

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English dictionary for football fans ‹ Inglex

All over the world, football is one of the most popular hobbies. Today you will learn the names of players, types of kicks and other football terms in English. Don't pass by if you want to know what offside is and why it's not your face that's involved in a cheek pass :-)

First half: names of football players and parts of the stadium in English

If you are a football fan and learning English, do not miss the opportunity to combine business with pleasure - watch matches of your favorite teams in English. So that you do not get confused in the terminology, in this article we will provide dictionaries that will help you correctly understand the commentator and understand all the intricacies of the maneuvers of football players. By the way, when searching for thematic videos or articles on the Internet, do not forget that in the USA and Canada ordinary football is called soccer, and the word football is more often used to refer to American football.

Let's first figure out who is who in football. Let's consider the composition of an ordinary football team (a team).

Word/Phrase Translation

a first team	main cast
a captain/skipper	captain of the football team
a center forward	center forward whose job is to score goals
a winger	flank (outer) striker
an attacker / a forward	striker, forward - an attacking player who must score goals; in some cases it is also called a striker (to strike - to beat) - a striker who punches goals
a prolific goal scorer	a player who successfully scores goals in many games
a defender	defender - a player who prevents the opposing team's attackers from scoring goals
a midfielder/halfback (a little outdated)	midfielder, midfielder, midfielder who defends the goal from enemy attacks
a center back	central defender, center back, he plays near the center of the field
a fullback	a defender who is close to his team's goal and protects it from attacks
a goalkeeper/goalie	goalkeeper, goalkeeper
a substitute player (to substitute)	substitute player (change players, make a substitution)

Interesting fact: a center forward who barely leaves the opponent's penalty area is sometimes called a fox in the box. As a rule, such forwards are traditionally given the number 9.

There is also a player called the “false 9”. He plays in a caged fox position but doesn't score goals. His task is to lead defenders away from the goal during an attack so that another forward can break through to the goal and score a goal.

Now let's look at the layout of the players on the field to better understand the material.

Now let's take a little break from terminology and watch a simple and very funny video about the types of football players.

Who else is present at the stadium during a football match? It is watched by numerous spectators. The game must be monitored by a referee, as well as two assistant referees. By the way, they were previously called a linesman - a line referee. In addition, there is also a reserve fourth official at the stadium. And, of course, each team has its own mascot, which is called a mascot.

Now let's learn what the different parts of the stadium and equipment are called in English. Agree, during a match it is important to understand whether the ball hit the post or the goal.

Word/Phrase Translation

a dugout	bench
a goal	goal/goal
a goal line	goal line
a goalmouth / a six-yard box (6 yard box)	"patch" in front of the goal, goalkeeper's area, goal area
a goalpost	goal post/bar
a halfway line	center line
a home end	home sector of the stand
a home ground	home field - the one where the team usually practices
a net	goal net
a penalty box/area	penalty area
a pitch	football field
a pitch tunnel	player exit tunnel
a score	check
a scoreboard	scoreboard displaying the score
a stand	podium where spectators sit
a terrace	standing podium
a touchline	soccer field sideline
an away end	guest section of the podium
an open goal	empty goal (usually this is said when the goalkeeper moved away from the goal and a goal was scored in it)

Well, now let's decide how to correctly name the type of competition, because football players can play a friendly match on their own field, or they can fight for the world cup.

Word/Phrase Translation

a cup tie	cup match, cup match
a cup	cup
a derby	competition between teams of the same city or region
a friendly (game)	friendly match
a group stage	group tournament
a qualifier	qualifying match
a quarter-final	quarterfinals
a semifinal	semi-final
an away game	away game, away match
a home game	home game, home match

How does the match start? That's right, with a coin toss and the kick off, and it ends with a final whistle. Between these two milestones, the team plays in the first and second half, between which they have about a 15-minute break (half-time). If at the end of the match the teams have an equal score, they are given extra time. There is also a special type of additional time called injury time - compensation for time spent helping injured players. If the game ends on time without additional time, then this situation is called full time.

Second half: maneuvers of football players, types of strikes and violations in football

And now the most interesting thing - we will find out what the different types of kicks in football are called and what maneuvers the players make during the match.

Word/Phrase Translation

a backheel	heel strike
a clinical finish	a very accurate shot on goal that results in a clear goal
a clinical finisher	player who scores clear goals
a corner kick	corner kick (from one of the corners of the field)
a cross (to cross)	cross, cross - high pass through the air from the flank to the center of the field (cross)
a dribbling (to dribble)	dribbling, dribbling - the maneuver is to move the ball past opponents at high speed and not lose it (dribble)
an equalizer	goal that equalizes the score between teams, return goal
a free kick	free kick
a ghost goal	phantom goal (term used when it is not certain whether the ball has crossed the goal line)
a goal clearance	a strong goal kick when a player clears the ball from the goal line to prevent the opponents from scoring a goal
a hat trick	three goals scored in one match by one player
a header	header, also called a football player who likes to head the ball
a nutmeg (to nutmeg)	a football player's trick in which he throws the ball between his opponent's legs and picks it up on the other side
a one-touch shot	one-touch hitting the ball occurs when players pass the ball quickly with one hit
a pass (to pass)	pass (pass the ball to someone, pass)
a penalty kick / a spot kick	penalty, penalty kick
a penalty shoot-out (shootout)	penalty shootout, it is awarded if at the end of the match the teams have the same score
a punch (to punch)	knocking the ball out with your fists, this is done by the goalkeeper so that the ball does not go into the goal (knock the ball out with your fists)
a slide tackle	tackle - a technique used by defenders to take the ball away from opposing attackers
a scissor kick / a bicycle kick	scissor kick, in which the player throws the ball over himself
an own goal	own goal
half volley	a half-volley shot taken by the player immediately after the ball has touched the ground and bounced off it
keepy-uppy	chasing the ball, a football player prevents the ball from falling to the ground by hitting it with his foot, head, shoulder, etc.
toe punt	toe kick
volley	volley, that is, the player hits the ball before it touches the ground
to concede a goal	miss a goal
to curl the ball	spin the ball
to head (the ball)	hit (the ball) with your head
to mark a player	“lead” an opposing player in order to take the ball away from him
to save (a ball)	catch the ball - the goalkeeper catches the ball and “saves” the team from a goal
to score a goal	goal
to sell a dummy	feint to confuse an opponent
to shoot	“to punch”, to hit the ball in order to get into the goal
to side-foot	hit with the cheek (inner side of the foot)
to tackle	try to take the ball from your opponents
to throw in	throw in the ball - bring it into play after it has been out of bounds

You've already figured out what players can do on the field, but we'd like to introduce you to some more useful expressions to help describe the game or its outcome.

Word/Phrase Translation

a dead ball	standard position, a situation in which the ball is stationary, for example, during a free kick, corner kick
a fixture	a game scheduled in advance on the calendar
a relegation	transfer of an unsuccessful team to a lower league
a wall / a defensive wall	“wall” - formation of players during a penalty kick
an offside	offside, offside position (at the moment when the attacker receives a pass from another player of his team, at least 2 players from the other team must be between the recipient of the ball and the opponent’s goal; if this rule is violated, an offside position is declared)
an underdog	this is the name given to a team that, in the opinion of the audience, will lose, that is, it is a weaker team, a loser
the lead	advantage, advantage in score
to boo	boo (disgruntled fans do this)
to keep possession	control the ball most of the time, play well (as they say about a team)
to kick off	start the game (by kicking the ball into play in the center of the field) The game kicks off at 8.30. - The game started at 8:30.
to knock out	defeat the opposing team, with defeated players eliminated from the tournament
to qualify for the final / World Cup	reach the final/qualify for the World Championship
to suffer a defeat	fail

During games, fans use a rattle to make loud noises in support of their team. There is a feeling of emotion in the stands (fever pitch), and fans loudly shout a football chant (a football chant) to encourage their team. Do you want to listen to the chants of fans of different teams around the world? Then go to fanchants.com, choose any team, read the text of the chants and listen to them. This will be a kind of listening practice in English.

Fans' emotions run high when one of the players commits a foul. In the table we have given the names of the main violations in football in English.

Word/Phrase Translation

a foul: to commit a foul; foul play; disqualifying foul.	foul - violation of the rules of the game: commit a foul; break the rules, foul play; removal until the end of the game.
a dangerous play	dangerous game
a red card	a red card shown to a player who has committed a serious offense, it indicates that the player must leave the field of play
a suspension	disqualification
a yellow card / a booking / caution	yellow card, it is given to a player as a warning for an offense
an early bath	receiving a red card: when sent off the field, a player may be sent to an “early shower”, that is, released earlier than other players
an obstruction	intentional blocking, covering the ball with the body
diving	a violation in which a player pretends to fall from being tripped or pushed when he actually did not
foul throw	incorrect release of the ball onto the field (for example, a player may step over the line)
handball	handball, violation
pushing	pushing a player to win the ball
time wasting	deliberate delaying of time by the player (slowly getting up after falling, etc.)
tripping	step
unsporting behavior	unsportsmanlike conduct

Extra time: interesting expressions from the football players' dictionary

Football players and their fans, of course, have their own slang and interesting expressions, which are often used by commentators. Let's look at popular "football" phrases in English to understand the course of the game.

1. Man on! - Behind! This is what football players usually shout at a player on their team when they see that an opponent is approaching him and is about to take the ball away.
2. To draw = to tie the game = to end in a tie - end in a draw, play in a draw. This is how they describe a game that ends with a tied score. There is also an expression to tie the score, meaning “to even the score.”
3. To have a sweet left/right foot - this is what they say about a player who plays well and scores goals with his left/right foot.
4. To pull off a great/amazing save - the expression is used when the goalkeeper miraculously manages to catch the ball flying into the goal. Fans can simply shout What a save! (Excellent shot deflection!)
5. To put eleven men behind the ball - to defend with the whole team. A situation in which players (usually the weaker team) do not attack, but only repel the enemy's attacks.
6. To put it in the back of the net - score a goal, send the ball straight into the goal. Fans often shout: Back of the net! (Right to the gate!)
7. We were robbed! - fans shout this phrase if the game was unfair.
8. To hit the woodwork - hit the bar.
9. The team got stuck in - the team led from the very beginning. This is how they characterize a team that shows a high level of play from the very first minutes.
10. To run the defense ragged - bypass the defenders, smash the defenders to smithereens. This expression is used to describe a striker who has bypassed all the defenders and scored a goal.
11. He has got a lot of pace - he is very fast.
12. The goalkeeper made a howler - the goalkeeper made a mistake. This expression is used when the goalkeeper makes a mistake in a very simple situation, makes a blunder that costs the team a point.
13. Good time to score - good time for a goal. It is believed that this is the “magic” time - between 40 and 45 minutes of the first half.
14. To send the ball into row Z - send the ball to the other end of the field. This is what they say about a player who was aiming at the goal, but sent the ball too high and far from it (the last rows in the stadium are designated by the letter Z).
15. They are dangerous on the counter-attack - they are dangerous in a counterattack. This phrase describes a team that masterfully transitions from defense to offense.
16. Send the keeper the wrong way - send the goalkeeper the wrong way. This phrase is often said during a penalty kick in the case when a football player makes the goalkeeper think that he will shoot into one corner of the goal, but he himself shoots into the other.
17. They are strong in the air - they are strong in the air. This is what they say about a team whose players head the ball very well.
18. The goalkeeper is quick off his line - the goalkeeper acts quickly. The phrase describes a goalkeeper who easily guesses where the ball will fly and quickly catches it.
19. The goalkeeper keeps a clean sheet - the goalkeeper did not miss a single ball.
20. A long-ball game - a game with long passes. Usually a rather boring and unspectacular game.

Are you surprised by the amount of material about football in English? Of course, it’s not so easy to remember everything the first time, but don’t worry: if you regularly watch thematic videos and read articles about this popular sport, the words will easily be remembered. And to make this happen faster, take advantage of the special project of the famous British Council about football premierskillsenglish.britishcouncil.org. There you will find a football player's picture dictionary, short videos with thematic phrases, podcasts, texts and even games.

Now try our football vocabulary test.

Vocabulary test on the topic “Concise English Dictionary of a Football Fan”

Well, if you want to quickly learn to understand commentators and watch interviews with English-speaking players, we invite you to an English course via Skype. Improve your knowledge with our experienced teachers.

We have compiled a document for you that contains all the words on this topic. You can download it from the link below.

Download a list of words on the topic “Concise English Dictionary of a Football Fan” (*.pdf, 309 Kb)

© 2018 englex.ru, copying materials is possible only if you provide a direct active link to the source.

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Football roles, positions in football: defense, midfield, attack

High-quality placement of athletes in playing positions brings maximum results to matches due to the full disclosure of their advantages. Knowledge about the types of roles in football will help you find the best place on the court. Forward, defender and goalkeeper are not all the concepts. Behind each of them lies a more precise division and specific skills, which not only the coach who regulates the tactics of the game, but also everyone who enters the field should know. There are 11 football roles in total, 10 of which are considered field players and a goalkeeper. In football, the goalkeeper is a permanent role, but the others must also have some versatility to change positions in football at the right time. You can read more about the principles of football in our article.

Goalkeeper (goalkeeper) of a football team

The first number on the team is traditionally given to the goalkeeper, because according to some sources, half the success of the entire team lies in the quality performance of his duties. The most famous football goalkeepers are Oliver Kahn and Lev Yashin. The goalkeeper's task (GK, GK, VRT) is to prevent the opponent from scoring a goal into the goal. Among the features is the fact that this is the only player on the court who is allowed to play with his hands, but is prohibited from catching passes from his teammates with them. For a football goalkeeper, it is mandatory to wear gloves that protect against injuries such as dislocations. The features also apply to the football goalkeeper uniform. She must be different from the rest of the team. To play in this position, you must have such qualities as jumping ability, high reaction speed, the ability to “read” the opponent’s actions and high physical strength to repel a flying ball. In addition, VRT has the ability to score a goal on its own. This is possible if he leaves the goal and enters the field. Rene Higuita, Manuel Neuer and Jorge Campos had a passion for such maneuvers. Or when making free kicks and long shots.

Defending players (defenders)

Regardless of the location on the field, a defender in football is a player whose task is to defend and maintain safety from opponent’s attacks. This category of players rarely move to the opposite part of the field and participate in attacks. Geographically, the backs are assigned a place on the field between the goalkeeper and the midfielders. A football defender is sometimes also called a fullback. Fullbacks have two defense strategies - personal protection, during which there is a pursuit of a specific attacker, and zonal, when everyone controls only their own zone. Right and left defender. Athletes, gaming roles in football, those who have the second and third numbers on the team are the right (RB/RZ) and left (LB/LZ) defenders, respectively. They spend most of their time on the side edge of the field or “edge”. For which they received variations of the name of their role - edge guard, side or full back, lateral. Most often, it is the full-backs in football who are the first to face the opponents' attack. Although they are also used in attacks, due to the possibility of expanding the defensive line, making accurate passes up and down into the enemy’s penalty area. For full-backs, it is mandatory to have physical stamina and high speed skills, as well as the ability to perform a large number of interceptions and tackles. Famous sides include Cafu, Ashley Cole, Harry Neville, Gareth Bale, Glen Johnson, Roberto Carlos da Silva. Wing defenders are also a type of defender. This is a kind of integration of the laterals with the extreme midfielder. Wingbacks, in addition to the qualities of LZ and PZ, have good dribbling skills and high agility, allowing them to go on the attack. It is worth noting that there are not many attacking defenders. Central defender. From the name of the role it follows that this player defends the central axis. The hottest attack is taking place in this zone, which means the center back (CB/CB) must be powerful, tall and strong, otherwise it will not survive. The central defender's skills include heading, jumping and tackles. Because of this, fives are actively used for corners and free kicks. The best backs include Thiago Silva and Leonardo Bonnucci. Due to the presence of high leadership qualities, stoppers often become team captains. These are Carles Poyul, Nemanje Vidic, Rio Ferdinand. Since the mid-60s of the 20th century, a type of central defender has appeared in football - a free defender. He is also called libero, sweeper or cleaner. His task is to correct all defense mistakes. A free defender in football is an experienced player who knows how to predict the actions of opponents and members of his team. It got its name for its task of “cleaning up”, as well as for the lack of a fixed position on the site. Famous football defenders of this type include Franco Baresi and Franz Beckenbauer.

Midfielders in football

The next line of defense is the midfielders. Halfbacks are located between attackers and defenders, and their playing role changes depending on the situation and strategy towards attack and defense. Their traditional numbers are from 6 to 8. Central midfielder The central midfielder (CM) collects all the qualities characteristic of this role. These are endurance, strength, high speed characteristics, the ability to read the game, good interception, dribbling and passing skills. His main task is to intercept the ball and start an attack from the first movement. Due to the breadth of capabilities of this type of midfielder in football, they are distinguished into the following types: - Defensive midfielder (DC). It is also a breakwater, a shuttlecock, a helmsman or a lock. Its specificity is defense, namely blocking and pressing attacking players before meeting the defenders. They can also intercept the ball and organize a counterattack. All this requires the player to have incredible endurance, physical development and technical knowledge. The best defensive midfielders are Dunga, Gilberto Silva, Claude Makelele. - Attacking midfielder (AM). He creates chances to secure a goal, and can strike himself. In certain tactical schemes, the role of an attacking midfielder is combined with a drawn forward, which led to the emergence of the term "manager" and "number ten". Since the position on the court of this player allows for independent actions and extensive opportunities for making passes. The best midfielders in this position are Kaka, Zico, Pele, Michel Platini. There is also the concept of a false ten. This is a DAC that purposefully goes to the flank in an attack, moving the opposing defense players there. - An out-and-out playmaker. A playmaker in football is the creator of the course of the game. His task on the field is to establish his team’s attacks, while playing as a defensive midfielder, but without intercepting the ball. Football midfielders playing in this role are Xabi Alonso, Andrea Pirlo, Josep Guardiola. Wing midfielder. There are right and left midfielders in football (PP and LP). These are the players who conduct their activities near the sideline. This role is the most versatile on the field. Because in some formations, the midfielder is integrated with the winger. Such players are called wingers. And above we already talked about combining with a flank defender (wingback). All this indicates the multitasking of the athlete on the sideline, and the need to be able to play well, both in defense and in attack. “Sevens” also have complex development in physical characteristics (strength, endurance, speed) and technical ones (dribbling, passing, passing). The best in this role are David Beckham, Cristiano Ronaldo, Robert Pires.

Attack players (forwards)

Forwards in football are attacking players located in close proximity to the penalty area. The goal of every football forward or striker is to hit the ball into the opponent's goal. In standard formations, two strikers are placed on the field. One takes over the defense and passes the ball, and the second directly scores a goal. The most effective strikers are called football scorers. Because of this function, they become the stars and faces of the sport. The best scorers in football are Cristiano Ronaldo, Jimmy Greaves, Lionel Messi, Delio Onnis. Just like in other roles, football forwards are divided depending on their goals and location on the court. Center forward For a center forward or nine, unlike other roles, the goal is only to attack. His responsibilities include blocking the opponent's defenders and helping his own, distracting defenders and causing fouls near the opponent's goal. Players of different constitutions can be center forwards. Each of them has its own peculiarity of conducting an attack. If he has good speed and tactical skills, he maintains a position on the verge of offside. This is the most common style of play for this type of football forward. If you are tall, have impressive dimensions and have a developed second floor, it is optimal to stay close to the midfielders. Almost all crosses are aimed at such a player. If the player is hardy and technically savvy, then his playing style shifts to organizing an attack and partly defense. This position is called a drawn forward or playmaker. An athlete in this role traditionally wears number 10. The most famous among them are Pele, Lionel Messi, Roberto Baggio. There is also a "false nine". This is a center who draws the defense to himself, while not making shots at the goal himself. Welterweight forward. Partially outdated role, since it is used only in some classic formations. Insiders or midfielders in football are located between the center and flank attackers and perform assists. Increasingly, they are being replaced by wingers. Wing striker. Like other types of flank players, there are right and left strikers in football, located on the side of the field during attacks. The winger's main task is to dribble the ball down the flank and pass it to the center to complete the attack. This role can be performed by any other side, either a midfielder or a lateral. An experienced coach will help you choose the right ideal position during personal and team football training as part of the BallGames project.

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Player positions in football

What positions are there in football? First of all, let's start with the components of this game? Of course, anyone who is at least a little familiar with football cannot help but know that there are 11 athletes in the starting lineup and a reserve.

Naturally, they all have their own position, which we will talk about in this article. If you know a little English language, then you probably know that football is not just football, but specifically its classic manifestation. But association football or the same soccer is usually used in the USA. What is the purpose of this? And so that the border between traditional football and American football, for example, can be traced.

Positions in football in English sound like this:

• Fullback
• Cornerback
• Tackle
• Halfback

• Guard
• Linebacker
• Quarterback
• Middle guard

To understand and know what positions there are in football, you should consider them in more detail.

An attacker is a player who attacks. A goal is the goal of such a player. In youth slang this is called a forward or goalscorer. What does the striker do? He is constantly searching for any opportunity to catch the ball and score it, of course, against the enemy. The striker does not have to be high-speed. It’s better to let him competently be in the place of the field where he is so needed at a specific moment in the game. Some attackers like to use original methods - deceptive maneuvers that provide them with the closest possible access to the opponent's goal.

But the defender’s task is to defend. The most important goal of such a player is not to allow the opponent to end up in a convenient place closer to the goal. Undoubtedly, the main thing in the position of a defender is excellent reaction and concentration.

The midfielder position can be occupied by 3 or even 4 players. The midfielder takes care of helping attacking players and those playing a defensive role.

Despite everything, no matter how many football positions exist in this world, the defining position that will always remain so is the goalkeeper. In English, goalkeeper, which means “keeping the ball.”

The positions of players in football always require some kind of qualities and some kind of strength, but the goalkeeper not only must constantly concentrate his attention so as not to miss the ball, but is also forced to constantly remain in suspense, since in 99 percent of cases the number of goals directly depends on him .

Based on the above, we can conclude that there are now and were previously very diverse positions in football, but the most responsible and nerve-wracking position remains the goalkeeper’s position.

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Football terms and their meaning: find out what kind of fan you are

Maradona's Rabona and Zidane's snail In TV comments, football terms and entire phrases are increasingly encountered, which not everyone understands. We are holding a small educational program for novice fans.

Lateral is a fullback who actively goes on the attack. A striking example is the Real Madrid player, Brazilian Marcelo. Previously, Roberto Carlos shone in this position. A libero, or sweeper, is a free defender, or “cleaner”, who does not have a clear place on the field and “cleans up” after teammates who have missed their player.

Winger is a winger attacking midfielder. At one time, David Beckham played this position very well. The pillar is a tall and powerful striker. In the Russian national team this is Dzyuba.

False nine is a forward drawn back. Most often this term is applied to Lionel Messi.

The 12th player is a football player who comes on as a substitute and scores the decisive goals. This position was actually legitimized by Manchester United coach Alex Ferguson, who released Solskjaer at the end of the match, and he often decided the outcome of the meeting. Another 12th player is the fans who came to the stadium to support their team. Bus stop - a technique when all the players of one team retreat to defense and stand as if at a bus stop.

The point is a mark on the field 11 meters from the goal, from where the penalty kick is taken.

Compensated time is 2 - 3, and sometimes 5 - 7 minutes, which the referee adds to the main time of the half if there were stoppages in the game or substitutions (30 seconds are added for each). Not to be confused with extra time, which is given in playoff matches, where it is necessary to determine the winner. At the 2018 World Cup this will be two extra halves of 15 minutes each. If after them the score is still a draw, a series of 11-meter kicks are carried out.

Cross - a pass on horseback, most often into the penalty area. A dive is the name for a simulation of a player who fell himself in order to beg a free kick from the referee. For obvious deception, the artist is shown a yellow card.

A rubber is a dangerous game when one player places his foot on top of the opponent's foot with which he hits the ball.

Snail - a feint with a 360 degree turn. Zidane did especially well. Passive offside is when at the moment of the pass there was a player who did not participate in the game episode who was offside. Now such an offside is not considered a violation of the rules. A hat-trick is three goals scored by a football player in one match. If there are four of them, then this is already poker.

Goal to the locker room - a goal scored in the last minutes of the first half.

A dead ball is a difficult shot that is almost impossible to return.

Major victory - a victory with a difference of three or more goals - 3:0, 4:1, 5:2... Rabona - a blow that is struck at the ball behind the supporting foot. In the correct execution, the player's legs are crossed one after the other.

Football(from English foot- sole, ball- ball) is the most popular team sport in the world, in which the goal is to score the ball into the opponent's goal more times than the opposing team can do in a set time. The ball can be kicked into the goal with your feet or any other parts of the body (except hands).

History of the emergence and development of football (briefly)

The exact date of the origin of football is not known, but it is safe to say that the history of football goes back more than one century and has affected many countries. Ball games were popular on all continents, as evidenced by widespread archaeological finds.

In ancient China, there was a game known as "Tsuju", references to which date back to the second century BC. According to FIFA in 2004, it is considered the most ancient of the predecessors of modern football.

In Japan, a similar game was called “Kemari” (in some sources “Kenatt”). The first mention of Kemari occurs in 644 AD. Kemari is still played today at Shinto shrines during festivals.

In Australia, balls were made from rat skins, bladder large animals, from twisted hair. Unfortunately, the rules of the game have not been preserved.

North America also had an ancestor of football, the game was called "pasuckuakohowog", which means "they gathered to play the ball with their feet." Usually the games took place on the beaches, they tried to kick the ball into a goal about half a mile wide, but the field itself was twice as long. The number of participants in the game reached 1000 people.

Who invented football?

Modern football was invented in England in the 1860s.

Basic rules of football (briefly)

The first rules for the game of football were introduced on December 7, 1863 by the Football Association of England. Today, the rules of football are set by the International Football Association Board (IFAB), which includes FIFA (4 votes), as well as representatives of the English, Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh football associations. The latest edition of the official football rules is dated June 1, 2013 and consists of 17 rules, here is a summary:

• Rule 1: Judge
• Rule 2: Assistant referees
• Rule 3: Duration of the game
• Rule 4: Start and resumption of play
• Rule 5: Ball in and out of play
• Law 6: Definition of a goal
• Law 11: Offside
• Law 12: Player violations and unruly behavior
• Law 13: Penalty and free kicks
• Law 14: Penalty kick
• Law 15: Throwing out the ball
• Law 16: Goal kick
• Law 17: Corner kick

Each football team must consist of a maximum of eleven players (that is how many can be on the field at one time), one of whom is the goalkeeper and he is the only player who is allowed to play with his hands within the penalty area at his goal.

How many players are on the team?

The team consists of 11 players: ten field players and one goalkeeper.

A football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes each. Between halves there is a 15-minute rest break, after which the teams change goals. This is done to ensure that the teams are on an equal footing.

The football game is won by the team that scores the most goals against the opponent.

If the teams finish the match with the same goal score, then a draw is recorded, or two additional halves of 15 minutes are assigned. If extra time ends in a draw, a penalty shoot-out is awarded.

Penalty rules in football

A penalty kick or penalty kick is the most serious penalty in football and is taken from the appropriate mark. When taking a penalty kick, there must be a goalkeeper in the goal.

Taking post-match penalties in football takes place according to the following rules: teams take 5 shots at the opponent’s goal from a distance of 11 meters, all shots must be carried out by different players. If after 5 kicks the score in penalties is equal, then the teams continue to take one pair of penalties until a winner is determined.

Offside in football

A player is considered to be in an offside or offside position if he is closer to the opponent's goal line than the ball and the second-to-last opponent player, including the goalkeeper.

To avoid being offside, players must adhere to the following rules:

• it is prohibited to interfere with the game (touching the ball that was passed to him or that touched a teammate);
• it is forbidden to interfere with an opponent;
• It is prohibited to gain an advantage due to one's position (touching a ball that bounces off a goal post or crossbar or from an opponent).

Handball in football

Football rules allow field players to touch the ball with any part of their body except their hands. For handball, the team is awarded a penalty kick or a penalty kick, which is taken by a player from the opposing team.

The rules of handball in football include two more very important points:

• accidentally hitting the ball in your hand is not a violation of the rules;
• instinctively defending the ball is not a violation of the rules.

Yellow and red cards

Yellow and red cards are signs that the referee shows to players for breaking the rules and unsportsmanlike behavior.

A yellow card is of a warning nature and is given to a player in the following cases:

• for deliberate handball;
• for delaying time;
• for disrupting the attack;
• for a kick before the whistle / leaving the wall (penalty kick);
• for a kick after the whistle;
• for rough play;
• for unsportsmanlike conduct;
• for disputes with the arbitrator;
• for simulation;
• for leaving or entering the game without the permission of the referee.

A red card in football is shown by the referee for particularly serious violations or unsportsmanlike behavior. A player who receives a red card must leave the field for the remainder of the match.

Football field size and marking lines

A standard field for big football is a rectangular area in which the goal lines (end lines) are necessarily shorter than the side lines. Next we will look at the parameters of a football field.

The size of a football field in meters is not clearly regulated, but there are certain boundary indicators. For national-level matches, the standard length of a football field from goal to goal should be between 90-120 meters and a width of 45-90 meters. The area of ​​a football field ranges from 4050 m2 to 10800 m2. For comparison, 1 hectare = 10,000 m2. For international matches, the length of the side lines should not extend beyond the interval of 100-110 meters, and the goal lines beyond the range of 64-75 meters. There are FIFA recommended dimensions for a football field of 105 by 68 meters (area 7140 square meters).

How long is a football field?

The length of the football field from goal to goal should be between 90-120 meters.

The field markings are made with identical lines; the width of the markings should not exceed 12 centimeters (the lines are included in the areas that they limit). The side line or edge of the football field is usually called the “edge”.

Football field markings

• The middle line is the line that divides the field into two equal halves. In the middle of the center line is the center of the field with a diameter of 0.3 meters. The circumference around the center of the field is 9.15 meters. A kick or pass from the center of the field begins both halves of the match, as well as extra time. After each goal scored, the ball is also placed in the center of the field.
• The goal line in football is drawn on the lawn parallel to the crossbar.
• The football goal area is a line drawn at a distance of 5.5 meters from the outside of the goal post. Two stripes 5.5 meters long are drawn perpendicular to the goal line, directed deep into the field. Their end points are connected by a line parallel to the goal line.
• Penalty area - from points at a distance of 16.5 m from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn deep into the field. At a distance of 16.5 m these lines are connected by another line parallel to the goal line. A penalty mark is placed in the center of the goal line and at a distance of 11 meters from it, and it is marked with a solid circle with a diameter of 0.3 meters. Within the penalty area, the goalkeeper can play with his hands.
• Corner sectors are arcs with a radius of 1 meter centered on the corners of a football field. This line forms a limited area for corner kicks. Flags with a height of at least 1.5 meters and a banner size of 35x45 centimeters are installed in the corners of the field.

The field is marked using lines, the width of which must be the same and not exceed 12 centimeters. The image below shows the layout of a football field.

Football goal

The goal is located exactly in the middle of the goal line. The standard goal size in football is as follows:

• the length or width of the goal in big football is the distance between the vertical posts (bars) - 7.73 meters;
• goal height - distance from the lawn to the crossbar - 2.44 meters.

The diameter of the posts and crossbars should not exceed 12 centimeters. Gates are made of wood or metal and painted in White color, and also have a cross-sectional shape of a rectangle, ellipse, square or circle.

A soccer goal net must fit the size of the goal and must be durable. It is customary to use football nets of the following size: 2.50 x 7.50 x 1.00 x 2.00 m.

Football field design

The design standard for a football field looks like this:

• Grass lawn.
• Substrate made of sand and crushed stone.
• Heating pipes.
• Drainage pipes.
• Aeration pipes.

The surface for a football field can be natural or artificial. Grass requires additional care, namely watering and fertilizing. The grass surface does not allow more than two games per week. Grass is brought to the field in special rolls of turf. Very often on a football field you can see grass of two colors (striped field), this happens due to the peculiarities of lawn care. When mowing a lawn, the machine first moves in one direction and then in the other, and the grass falls in different directions (multi-directional lawn mowing). This is done for the convenience of determining distances and offsides, as well as for beauty. The height of the grass on a football field is usually 2.5 - 3.5 cm. The maximum speed of the ball in football at the moment is 214 km/h.

Artificial turf for a football field is a carpet made of synthetic material. Each blade of grass is not just a strip of plastic, but a product of complex shape. In order for the artificial turf to be suitable for play, it is covered with a filler of sand and rubber crumbs.

Soccer ball

What kind of ball is used to play football? A professional soccer ball consists of three main components: a tube, a liner and a tire. The chamber is usually made of synthetic butyl or natural latex. The lining is the inner layer between the tire and the tube. The lining directly affects the quality of the ball. The thicker it is, the better the quality of the ball. Typically the lining is made of polyester or compressed cotton. The tire consists of 32 synthetic waterproof pieces, 12 of which are pentagonal in shape, 20 are hexagonal.

Soccer ball size:

• circumference - 68-70 cm;
• weight - no more than 450 g.

The speed of a ball in football reaches 200 km/h.

Football uniform

Mandatory elements of a player's sports football kit are:

• Shirt or T-shirt with sleeves.
• Underpants. If underpants are used, they should be the same color.
• Gaiters.
• Shields. Must be completely covered with gaiters and provide the proper level of protection.
• Boots.

Why do football players need socks?

Gaiters perform a protective function, supporting the leg and protecting against minor injuries. Thanks to them, the shields hold on.

The goalkeeper's football uniform must be different in color from the uniform of other players and referees.

Players may not wear any equipment that could be dangerous to themselves or other players, such as jewelry and wristwatches.

What do football players wear under their shorts?

Underpants are tight-fitting compression panties. The color and length of underpants should not differ from the color and length of panties.

Set pieces in football

• Kickoff kick. The ball is played in football in three cases: at the beginning of the match, at the beginning of the second half and after a goal is scored. All players of the team taking the kick-off must be in their own half of the field, and their opponents must be at least nine meters away from the ball. The player taking the kick-off does not have the right to touch the ball again before other players do so.
• A goal kick and the ball being put into play by the goalkeeper. Putting the ball into play after it has gone beyond the goal line (on the side of the post or over the crossbar), due to the fault of a player of the attacking team.
• Throwing the ball in from the sideline. Made by a field player after the ball has crossed the side line and left the field. The ball must be thrown in from the place where it was “out”. The player making the catch must face the field on or behind the sideline. At the moment of the throw, both feet of the player must touch the ground. The ball is put into play without the referee's signal.
• Corner kick. Putting the ball into play from the corner sector. This is a penalty for players on the defending team who kick the ball over the goal line.
• Free kick and free kick. Penalty for deliberately touching the ball with your hand or using rough handling against players of the opposing team.
• Eleven meter kick (penalty kick).
• Offside position.

Football refereeing

Referees monitor compliance with the established rules on the football field. For each match, a main referee and two assistants are appointed.

The duties of the judge include:

• Timing of the match.
• Recording match events.
• Ensuring the ball meets the requirements.
• Ensuring that players are equipped as required.
• Ensuring that there are no unauthorized persons on the field.
• Ensuring that injured players are cared for/carried off the field.
• Providing the relevant authorities with a match report, including information on all disciplinary action taken against players and/or team officials, as well as all other incidents that occurred before, during or after the match.

Judge's rights:

• Stop, temporarily interrupt or terminate the match in case of any violation of the rules, outside interference, or injury to players;
• Take action against team officials who behave inappropriately;
• Continue play until the ball is out of play if the player, in his opinion, has received only a minor injury;
• Continue play when the offended team benefits from the advantage (remains in possession of the ball), and penalize the original offense if the intended advantage is not taken advantage of by the team;
• Punish a player for a more serious violation of the Rules in the event that he simultaneously commits more than one violation;
• Act based on the recommendations of your assistants and the reserve judge.

Competitions

Competitions are organized by the federation; each tournament draws up its own regulations, which usually prescribe the composition of participants, the tournament layout, and the rules for determining the winners.

FIFA

National teams

• The World Cup is the main international football competition. The championship is held once every four years; men's national teams of FIFA member countries from all continents can take part in the tournament.
• The Confederations Cup is a football competition among national teams, which is held a year before the World Cup. Held in the host country of the World Championship. 8 teams take part in the championship: the winners of the continental championships, the winner of the World Cup and the team of the organizing country.
• Olympic Games

• The FIFA Club World Cup is an annual competition between the strongest representatives of the six continental confederations.

UEFA

National teams

• The European Championship is the main competition of national teams under the leadership of UEFA. The championship is held every four years.

• The UEFA Champions League is the most prestigious annual European club football tournament.
• The UEFA Europa League is the second most important tournament for European football clubs belonging to UEFA.
• The UEFA Super Cup is a one-match championship in which the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League of the previous season meet.

CONMEBOL

National teams

• The America's Cup is a championship held under the auspices of CONMEBOL among national teams of countries in the region.

• Copa Libertadores - The cup is named after the historical leaders of the War of Independence of the Spanish colonies in America. Held among best clubs countries of the region.
• The Copa Sudamericana is the second most important club tournament in South America after the Copa Libertadores.
• The South American Recopa is the equivalent of the continental Super Cup. The tournament involves the winners of the two most important club tournaments - the Copa Libertadores and the Copa Sudamericana of the previous season.

CONCACAF

National teams

• The CONCACAF Gold Cup is a football tournament for the countries of North, Central America and the Caribbean.

• The CONCACAF Champions League is an annual football championship among the best clubs in North and Central America and the Caribbean.

Football structures

The main football body is FIFA (Fédération internationale de football association), located in Zurich, Switzerland. She organizes international tournaments on a global scale.

Continental organizations:

• CONCACAF (Сonfederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football) - football confederation of North and Central America and the Caribbean countries,
• CONMEFBOL (CONfederacion sudaMEricana de FutBOL) - South American Football Confederation,
• UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) is a union of European football associations,
• CAF (Confederation of African Football) - African Football Confederation,
• AFC (Asian Football Confederation) - Asian Football Confederation,
• OFC (Oceania Football Confederation) is the Oceania Football Confederation.

2016-06-26

We tried to cover the topic as completely as possible, so this information can be safely used when preparing messages, reports on physical education and essays on the topic “Football”.