One of the main features of the comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov is the presence in the play of two conflicts that are closely related to each other. One of them is love, the other is social. This determines the arrangement of the heroes of the comedy “Woe from Wit”. The love line is represented by Chatsky, Sophia and Molchalin. The social line is expressed by the opposition between the conservative nobility, the main exponent of which is Famusov, and the progressive views on the structure of society, which Chatsky preaches. Molchalin, Sophia’s lover, also belongs to the Famus society. Love and social conflicts are united by the image of Chatsky, the main character of “Woe from Wit.”

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky returned from abroad and immediately went to Famusov’s house, where he had once been brought up and where he had been absent for three years. Chatsky dreams of meeting his beloved Sophia, Famusov’s daughter. But Sophia greets him with extreme restraint, because she is in love with Molchalin. The hero does not understand the reasons for the girl’s cooling towards him. He begins to ask her, her father, about this. And in the verbal battles between these heroes, serious contradictions appear on issues of morality, culture, education, and the structure of society.

Famusov in comedy it represents the “past century”. main feature The worldview of the conservative nobility is that they do not want any changes, because changes threaten their well-being. In the noble society, at which Griboyedov’s satire is directed, only rank and money are valued. And Famusov is no exception. He speaks with pride of his uncle, Maxim Petrovich, who knew how to “curry favor” and therefore “knew honor before everyone.” The only thing that Famusov really cares about is society’s opinion of him.

On behalf of the “past century” also speaks Molchalin. Its main advantages are “moderation and accuracy.” He is a worthy successor to the views of Moscow high society. He knows how to curry favor and strives to make and maintain useful contacts. Even his relationship with Sophia is nothing more than serving her father.

Chatsky is sharply opposed to these heroes. Their views on the structure of society are alien to him. Chatsky is the owner of an active, creative mind. He wants to serve “the cause, not individuals,” because he highly values ​​individual freedom, honor and dignity. Chatsky is the only comedy hero who represents the “present century.” It expresses the ideas of the author himself - ideas of morality and enlightenment that conservative nobles are not ready to accept.

When characterizing the characters in “Woe from Wit,” the most difficult thing to interpret is the image Sofia Famusova.

It cannot be attributed either to the “present century” or “to the past century.” Unlike her father and Molchalin, Sophia is not afraid of the opinions of society. She tells Molchalin as much when he asks her to be careful and not show her feelings in public. She plays music and reads books, which Famusov considers unnecessary and even harmful. But Sophia is not on Chatsky’s side, since his accusatory monologues threaten not only the comfortable life of the nobles, but also her personal happiness. That is why Sophia starts a rumor that Chatsky is crazy, and society is so actively spreading this gossip.

The list of characters in “Woe from Wit” is not limited to the main characters. To understand the issues, the secondary characters of “Woe from Wit” are also important. For example, it is impossible to imagine the development of a love affair in a comedy without Lisa's maids, who helps Sofya and Molchalin keep their dates secret. Also, the image of Lisa participates in a more complete disclosure of other characters in Griboedov’s “Woe from Wit”. Molchalin shows her signs of attention, and the reader immediately understands that he has no feelings for Sophia.

Colonel Skalozub also participates in the development of the love line. He is tipped to be Sophia's groom because he has money. The only pity is that I have no mind at all. But this helps to portray the army in a satirical way.

Off-stage characters carry a special meaning. They do not participate in the actions of the comedy, but other characters talk about them, which allows us to more fully imagine the mores of the noble society of that time. The most famous off-stage character is Maxim Petrovich, Uncle Famusov, who deliberately fell several times at the empress’s reception in order to amuse her and earn respect at court.

It should be noted that all the images of the comedy heroes acquire a deeper sound than was customary before the appearance of the play “Woe from Wit.” There are no absolute villains here, no heroes without flaws. Griboyedov refuses the traditional division of characters into good and bad. So Famusov is a caring father for his daughter, and Chatsky in some moments shows excessive ardor and unceremoniousness.

The characters created by Griboyedov do not lose their relevance today. After all, the problem of replacing old views with new ones is always topical. At all times there are people who bring progressive ideas to society, and those who refuse to accept the new, defending their outdated views.

This article describes the main characters of Griboedov's comedy. A description of the heroes and their characters will be useful to 9th grade students when preparing a report or essay on the topic “The main characters of the comedy “Woe from Wit”.”

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The main male and only positive character of the comedy. He was left an orphan quite early, and was brought up in the house of his father’s friend, Famusov. The patron gave him an excellent education, but could not instill in Chatsky his worldview. Having matured, Chatsky began to live separately. Subsequently, he quit military service, but did not serve as an official.

One of the main characters of the comedy. If you translate the surname Famusov from Latin, it will mean “famous, famous.” Famusov lives on the estate, but judging by his many friends, he is very a famous person in your circle. He likes to brag that he belongs to the noble nobility. Famusov is hospitable, sociable, and loves to live large.

The central female character of the comedy. Events unfold around her. Sophia is 17 years old, she was raised by her father and old lady Rosier. She lost her mother when she was very young. Sophia is very beautiful, smart, witty and quick-witted, but due to reading French novels, she is a little sentimental and romantic.

The most negative character in comedy. He does not belong to the upper strata of society, he comes from common people. Came to work from Tver. Lives in Famusov's house, works as a secretary and takes care of his daughter Sophia. Strives to make a career. The goal of his life is the highest ranks and wealth.

A minor but very important character in the comedy is a cheerful, young maid who lives and works in Famusov’s house. She is a typical soubrette who helps her mistress Sophia in love affairs. We can say that Lisa is smart and very smart.

A minor character, a rich colonel who wants to become a general, and Famusov sees in him the ideal groom for his daughter. Although Khlestova did not like him, he had weight in society. Skalozub's whole life is connected with the army. He is rude and ignorant, having been raised in the barracks.

A minor character in the comedy, one of the first guests at the ball in Famusov’s house; typical representative"Famus society", henpecked and hypocrite. Pyotr Ilyich appears at the ball not alone, but with his whole family - with his malicious and sarcastic wife Marya Alekseevna and six daughters of marriageable age.

A minor character in the comedy who appears last at Famusov's ball. He is an old friend of Chatsky, as can be judged by the words with which he greets him: “Dear friend! Dear friend! On the other hand, it soon becomes clear that this character is just an empty talker and a superficial person.

One of the most memorable secondary heroines of the comedy, with whom the author introduces the reader at Famusov’s party; an imperious and rude serf lady. The full name of the heroine is Anfisa Nilovna Khlestova. She is Famusov’s sister-in-law, and accordingly Sophia’s aunt.

A minor character in a comedy. He appears at a party in Famusov's house and perfectly complements the assembled society. This is a secular man, well known in wide circles. He loves to go to the theater, attend balls and parties. At the same time, everyone knows that Zagoretsky is a notorious swindler, gambler and rogue.

One of the most memorable supporting characters in comedy; Famusov's guest and Chatsky's old friend. Platon Mikhailovich Gorich served with Chatsky in the same regiment. Now he has retired, married and lives in Moscow. Chatsky notices the change that occurred in his comrade after marriage, and is ironic about this.

Wife of Platon Mikhailovich Gorich in the comedy; a striking example of the embodiment of female power. Natalya Dmitrievna completely subjugated her husband, treating him like a child every now and then, annoyingly caring for him. With her excessive concern for Platon Mikhailovich’s health, she killed his passion for life, that enthusiasm that Chatsky had previously seen in his eyes.

Sirvint-Sherman Z.M. Sketch theatrical production to the play by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

Famusov's image
Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov is an elderly man, self-confident and domineering. A wealthy nobleman, a widower, the father of his only seventeen-year-old daughter, whom he loves very much and raises in his own way, in the spirit of old times. Famusov is a major official, although he approaches his service formally, it does not interest him (... it’s signed, off his shoulders). Always strives for his own benefit. This is evident from the way he talks about his daughter's marriage. Famusov loves to brag. He even boasts about what he does not have, for example: monastic behavior, although he himself flirts with the maid Lisa. In the image of Famusov, the author portrays an ordinary person for that time, with his views on life and upbringing.

Image of Sophia
Sophia is Famusov’s daughter, she is seventeen years old. From the words of her father, we learn that she lost her mother early, so Madame Rosier and visiting teachers were involved in her upbringing. As a child, she was very friendly with Chatsky, possibly in love with him. Likes to read French novels. He treats his maid Lisa well and considers her the only devoted person. She sincerely loves Molchalin, considers him smart, handsome and similar to the hero of her favorite French novels. He does not hesitate, on occasion, to deceive his father, and has absolutely no sympathy for Chatsky.

The image of Chatsky
Chatsky is a young man, Sofia’s childhood friend. He is very smart and well read. His speech is literate and colorful. Arriving from abroad in Moscow, he rushes to meet Sofia and rejoices at the upcoming date. He is lively, inspired, eloquent (even talkative), witty, full of life, and jokes a lot. But the strange cold reception offends him, he is upset and puzzled by Sofia’s inattention, because, rushing to his homeland, Chatsky hoped that she was waiting for him.
Chatsky mocks and condemns the life of the Moscow nobles. He doesn’t like the fact that Russian children are taught to read and write by foreign teachers, and the children do not know pure Russian. Chatsky came to Russia with the hope of changing the old order, but these hopes were not realized.

Image of Molchalin
Molchalin is a young man in the service of Famusov. He is his secretary and lives at his home. Before meeting Famusov, Molchalin was either a minor nobleman or a commoner; after meeting him, he began to quickly move up the career ladder.
Molchalin’s characteristic features are the desire for a career, the ability to fawn, and hypocrisy. He is a man of few words. This is explained by his fear of expressing his judgment. Molchalin knows that if he wants to make a career, then he needs to please his bosses in everything. In an effort to rise in rank, Molchalin fawns and fawns on influential people. He talks to different people differently. He addresses Famusov with respect, and Sophia with particular modesty; with Liza he does not mince words; with Chatsky he speaks outwardly politely, but behind this lies complacency, mockery and a desire to teach. The manner of talking to people reveals all of Molchalin’s hypocrisy. His father bequeathed to him to please all the people who could be of some use to him. And he largely follows this advice.
Chatsky, who knows the type of officials such as Molchalin, predicts for him the possibility of a brilliant career.

Characteristics of the Moscow nobility
About life, way of life and morals of Moscow in the 20s of the 19th century. and its individuals, we learn from the words of Chatsky and Famusov. We see before us a sleepy, ossified life, where nothing changes for many years. Blind worship of everything foreign is shown, whether it concerns fashion, education or language. The empty pastime of many is to attend numerous balls and festivities in order to pursue ladies there. Mention is made of a serf-theater - a cruel tyrant, an obscurantist - a member of the academic council.

The main idea of ​​the work “Woe from Wit” is to illustrate meanness, ignorance and servility before ranks and traditions, which were opposed by new ideas, genuine culture, freedom and reason. The main character Chatsky acted in the play as a representative of that same democratic-minded society of young people who openly challenged conservatives and serf owners. Griboedov managed to reflect all these subtleties that were raging in social and political life using the example of a classic comedic love triangle. It is noteworthy that the main part of the work described by the creator takes place over the course of just one day, and the characters themselves are depicted by Griboyedov very vividly.

Many of the writer's contemporaries awarded his manuscript with sincere praise and advocated for permission to publish the comedy to the Tsar.

The history of writing the comedy "Woe from Wit"

The idea of ​​writing the comedy “Woe from Wit” came to Griboyedov during his stay in St. Petersburg. In 1816, he returned to the city from abroad and found himself at one of the social receptions. He was deeply indignant at the Russian people’s craving for foreign things, after he noticed that the city’s nobility worshiped one of the foreign guests. The writer could not restrain himself and showed his negative attitude. Meanwhile, one of the invitees, who did not share his beliefs, retorted that Griboyedov was crazy.

The events of that evening formed the basis of the comedy, and Griboyedov himself became the prototype of the main character Chatsky. The writer began work on the work in 1821. He worked on comedy in Tiflis, where he served under General Yermolov, and in Moscow.

In 1823, work on the play was completed, and the writer began to read it in Moscow literary circles, receiving rave reviews along the way. The comedy was successfully distributed in the form of lists among the reading population, but it was first published only in 1833, after the request of Minister Uvarov to the Tsar. The writer himself was no longer alive by that time.

Analysis of the work

The main plot of the comedy

The events described in the comedy take place in early XIX century, in the house of the capital official Famusov. His young daughter Sophia is in love with Famusov's secretary, Molchalin. He is a prudent man, not rich, and holds a minor rank.

Knowing about Sophia's passions, he meets with her for convenience. One day, a young nobleman, Chatsky, a family friend who has not been in Russia for three years, comes to the Famusovs’ house. The purpose of his return is to marry Sophia, for whom he has feelings. Sophia herself hides her love for Molchalin from the main character of the comedy.

Sophia's father is a man of the old way of life and views. He is subservient to the ranks and believes that young people should please their superiors in everything, not show their opinions and serve their superiors selflessly. Chatsky, in contrast, is a witty young man with a sense of pride and a good education. He condemns such views, considers them stupid, hypocritical and empty. Heated disputes arise between Famusov and Chatsky.

On the day of Chatsky’s arrival, invited guests gather at Famusov’s house. During the evening, Sophia spreads a rumor that Chatsky has gone crazy. The guests, who also do not share his views, actively pick up this idea and unanimously recognize the hero as crazy.

Finding himself the black sheep of the evening, Chatsky is about to leave the Famusovs’ house. While waiting for the carriage, he hears Famusov’s secretary confessing his feelings to the master’s maid. Sophia also hears this and immediately drives Molchalin out of the house.

The denouement of the love scene ends with Chatsky's disappointment in Sophia and secular society. The hero leaves Moscow forever.

Heroes of the comedy "Woe from Wit"

This main character comedy by Griboyedov. He is a hereditary nobleman, in whose possession there are 300 - 400 souls. Chatsky was left an orphan early on, and since his father was a close friend of Famusov, from childhood he was raised together with Sophia in the Famusovs’ house. Later he became bored with them, and at first he settled separately, and then left to wander the world.

Since childhood, Chatsky and Sophia were friends, but he had more than just friendly feelings for her.

The main character in Griboyedov's comedy is not stupid, witty, eloquent. A lover of ridicule of stupid people, Chatsky was a liberal who did not want to bend to his superiors and serve the highest ranks. That is why he did not serve in the army and was not an official, which was rare for the era of that time and his pedigree.

Famusov is an older man with gray hair at the temples, a nobleman. For his age he is very cheerful and fresh. Pavel Afanasyevich is a widower; his only child is Sophia, 17 years old.

The official is in the civil service, he is rich, but at the same time flighty. Famusov without hesitation pesters his own maids. His character is explosive and restless. Pavel Afanasyevich is grumpy, but with the right people, he knows how to show proper politeness. An example of this is his communication with the colonel, to whom Famusov wants to marry his daughter. For the sake of his goal, he is ready to do anything. Submission, servility before ranks and servility are characteristic of him. He also values ​​society’s opinion of himself and his family. The official does not like to read and does not consider education to be something very important.

Sophia is the daughter of a wealthy official. Pretty and educated best rules Moscow nobility. Left early without her mother, but under the care of the governess Madame Rosier, she reads French books, dances and plays the piano. Sophia is a fickle girl, flighty and easily attracted to young men. At the same time, she is gullible and very naive.

During the course of the play, it is clear that she does not notice that Molchalin does not love her and is with her because of his own benefits. Her father calls her a disgrace and a shameless woman, but Sophia herself considers herself an intelligent and not a cowardly young lady.

Famusov's secretary, who lives in their house, is a single young man from a very poor family. Molchalin received his noble title only during his service, which was considered acceptable in those days. For this, Famusov periodically calls him rootless.

The hero's surname perfectly matches his character and temperament. He doesn't like to talk. Molchalin is a limited and very stupid person. He behaves modestly and quietly, respects rank and tries to please everyone around him. He does this solely for profit.

Alexey Stepanovich never expresses his opinion, due to which those around him consider him a completely handsome young man. In fact, he is vile, unprincipled and cowardly. At the end of the comedy, it becomes clear that Molchalin is in love with the maid Liza. Having confessed this to her, he receives a portion of righteous anger from Sophia, but his characteristic sycophancy allows him to remain in the service of her father further.

Skalozub is a minor hero of the comedy; he is a lack-of-initiative colonel who wants to become a general.

Pavel Afanasyevich classifies Skalozub as one of the eligible Moscow bachelors. According to Famusov, a rich officer with weight and status in society - good game for his daughter. Sophia herself did not like him. In the work, the image of Skalozub is collected in separate phrases. Sergei Sergeevich joins Chatsky’s speech with absurd reasoning. They betray his ignorance and lack of education.

Maid Lisa

Lizanka is an ordinary servant in Famus’s house, but at the same time she occupies a fairly high place among other literary characters, and she is given quite a lot of different episodes and descriptions. The author describes in detail what Lisa does and what and how she says. She forces other characters in the play to confess their feelings, provokes them to certain actions, pushes them to various decisions that are important for their lives.

Mr. Repetilov appears in the fourth act of the work. This is a minor but bright character in the comedy, invited to Famusov’s ball on the occasion of his daughter Sophia’s name day. His image characterizes a person who chooses the easy path in life.

Zagoretsky

Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky is a secular reveler without ranks and honors, but he knows how and loves to be invited to all receptions. Due to your gift - to be pleasing to the court.

Hurrying to be in the center of events, “as if” from the outside, the secondary hero A.S. Griboedov, Anton Antonovich, himself, finds himself invited to an evening at the Faustuvs’ house. From the very first seconds of the action with his person, it becomes clear that Zagoretsky is still a “frame”.

Madame Khlestova is also one of the minor characters in the comedy, but still her role is very colorful. This is a woman of advanced years. She is 65 years old. She has a Spitz dog and a dark-skinned maid - a blackamoor. Khlestova is aware of the latest court gossip and willingly shares own stories from life, in which he easily talks about other characters in the work.

Composition and storylines of the comedy "Woe from Wit"

When writing the comedy “Woe from Wit,” Griboyedov used a technique characteristic of this genre. Here we can see a classic plot where two men are vying for the hand of one girl at once. Their images are also classic: one is modest and respectful, the second is educated, proud and confident in his own superiority. True, in the play Griboyedov placed accents in the characters’ characters a little differently, making Molchalin, and not Chatsky, sympathetic to that society.

For several chapters of the play there is a background description of life in the Famusovs' house, and only in the seventh scene does the beginning of the love plot begin. A fairly detailed long description during the play tells about just one day. The long-term development of events is not described here. Storylines there are two in comedy. These are conflicts: love and social.

Each of the images described by Griboyedov is multifaceted. Even Molchalin is interesting, towards whom the reader already develops an unpleasant attitude, but he does not cause obvious disgust. It's interesting to watch him in various episodes.

In the play, despite the adoption of fundamental structures, there are certain deviations to build the plot, and it is clearly evident that the comedy was written at the junction of three literary eras: flourishing romanticism, emerging realism and dying classicism.

Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" gained its popularity not only for the use of classical plot techniques in a non-standard framework, it reflected obvious changes in society, which were then just emerging and taking their first sprouts.

The work is also interesting because it is strikingly different from all other works written by Griboyedov.

One of the main features of the comedy “Woe from Wit” by A.S. Griboyedov is the presence in the play of two conflicts that are closely related to each other. One of them is love, the other is social. This determines the arrangement of the heroes of the comedy “Woe from Wit”. The love line is represented by Chatsky, Sophia and Molchalin. The social line is expressed by the opposition between the conservative nobility, the main exponent of which is Famusov, and the progressive views on the structure of society, which Chatsky preaches. Molchalin, Sophia’s lover, also belongs to the Famus society. Love and social conflicts are united by the image of Chatsky, the main character of “Woe from Wit.”

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky returned from abroad and immediately went to Famusov’s house, where he had once been brought up and where he had been absent for three years. Chatsky dreams of meeting his beloved Sophia, Famusov’s daughter. But Sophia greets him with extreme restraint, because she is in love with Molchalin. The hero does not understand the reasons for the girl’s cooling towards him. He begins to ask her, her father, about this. And in the verbal battles between these heroes, serious contradictions appear on issues of morality, culture, education, and the structure of society.

Famusov in comedy it represents the “past century”. The main feature of the worldview of the conservative nobility is that they do not want any changes, because changes threaten their well-being. In the noble society, at which Griboyedov’s satire is directed, only rank and money are valued. And Famusov is no exception. He speaks with pride of his uncle, Maxim Petrovich, who knew how to “curry favor” and therefore “knew honor before everyone.” The only thing that Famusov really cares about is society’s opinion of him.

On behalf of the “past century” also speaks Molchalin. Its main advantages are “moderation and accuracy.” He is a worthy successor to the views of Moscow high society. He knows how to curry favor and strives to make and maintain useful contacts. Even his relationship with Sophia is nothing more than serving her father.

Chatsky is sharply opposed to these heroes. Their views on the structure of society are alien to him. Chatsky is the owner of an active, creative mind. He wants to serve “the cause, not individuals,” because he highly values ​​individual freedom, honor and dignity. Chatsky is the only comedy hero who represents the “present century.” It expresses the ideas of the author himself - ideas of morality and enlightenment that conservative nobles are not ready to accept.

When characterizing the characters in “Woe from Wit,” the most difficult thing to interpret is the image Sofia Famusova.

It cannot be attributed either to the “present century” or “to the past century.” Unlike her father and Molchalin, Sophia is not afraid of the opinions of society. She tells Molchalin as much when he asks her to be careful and not show her feelings in public. She plays music and reads books, which Famusov considers unnecessary and even harmful. But Sophia is not on Chatsky’s side, since his accusatory monologues threaten not only the comfortable life of the nobles, but also her personal happiness. That is why Sophia starts a rumor that Chatsky is crazy, and society is so actively spreading this gossip.

The list of characters in “Woe from Wit” is not limited to the main characters. To understand the issues, the secondary characters of “Woe from Wit” are also important. For example, it is impossible to imagine the development of a love affair in a comedy without Lisa's maids, who helps Sofya and Molchalin keep their dates secret. Also, the image of Lisa participates in a more complete disclosure of other characters in Griboedov’s “Woe from Wit”. Molchalin shows her signs of attention, and the reader immediately understands that he has no feelings for Sophia.

Colonel Skalozub also participates in the development of the love line. He is tipped to be Sophia's groom because he has money. The only pity is that I have no mind at all. But this helps to portray the army in a satirical way.

Off-stage characters carry a special meaning. They do not participate in the actions of the comedy, but other characters talk about them, which allows us to more fully imagine the mores of the noble society of that time. The most famous off-stage character is Maxim Petrovich, Uncle Famusov, who deliberately fell several times at the empress’s reception in order to amuse her and earn respect at court.

It should be noted that all the images of the comedy heroes acquire a deeper sound than was customary before the appearance of the play “Woe from Wit.” There are no absolute villains here, no heroes without flaws. Griboyedov refuses the traditional division of characters into good and bad. So Famusov is a caring father for his daughter, and Chatsky in some moments shows excessive ardor and unceremoniousness.

The characters created by Griboyedov do not lose their relevance today. After all, the problem of replacing old views with new ones is always topical. At all times there are people who bring progressive ideas to society, and those who refuse to accept the new, defending their outdated views.

This article describes the main characters of Griboedov's comedy. A description of the heroes and their characters will be useful to 9th grade students when preparing a report or essay on the topic “The main characters of the comedy “Woe from Wit”.”

Work test