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The story is narrated on behalf of 50-year-old Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, who recalls the time when fate brought him together with the leader of the peasant uprising, Emelyan Pugachev.

Peter grew up in the family of a poor nobleman. The boy received practically no education - he himself writes that only by the age of 12, with the help of Uncle Savelich, was he able to “learn to read and write.” Until the age of 16, he led the life of a minor, playing with village boys and dreaming of a fun life in St. Petersburg, since he was enlisted as a sergeant in the Semenovsky regiment at a time when his mother was pregnant with him.

But his father decided differently - he sent 17-year-old Petrusha not to St. Petersburg, but to the army “to smell gunpowder”, to the Orenburg fortress, giving him the instruction to “preserve honor from a young age.” His teacher Savelich also went to the fortress with him.

At the entrance to Orenburg, Petrusha and Savelich got into a snowstorm and got lost, and only the help of a stranger saved them - he led them onto the road to their home. In gratitude for the rescue, Petrusha gave the stranger a hare sheepskin coat and treated him to wine.

Petrusha comes to serve in the Belogorsk fortress, which does not at all resemble a fortified structure. The entire army of the fortress consists of several “disabled” soldiers, and a single cannon acts as a formidable weapon. The fortress is managed by Ivan Kuzmich Mironov, who is not distinguished by education, but is a very kind and honest person. In truth, all the affairs in the fortress are run by his wife Vasilisa Egorovna. Grinev becomes close to the commandant’s family, spending a lot of time with them. At first, officer Shvabrin, who serves in the same fortress, also becomes his friend. But soon Grinev and Shvabrin quarrel because Shvabrin speaks unflatteringly about Mironov’s daughter, Masha, who Grinev really likes. Grinev challenges Shvabrin to a duel, during which he is wounded. While caring for the wounded Grinev, Masha tells him that Shvabrin once asked for her hand in marriage and was refused. Grinev wants to marry Masha and writes a letter to his father, asking for a blessing, but his father does not agree to such a marriage - Masha is homeless.

October 1773 arrives. Mironov receives a letter informing him of the Don Cossack Pugachev, posing as the late Emperor Peter III. Pugachev had already gathered a large army of peasants and captured several fortresses. The Belogorsk fortress is preparing to meet Pugachev. The commandant is going to send his daughter to Orenburg, but does not have time to do this - the fortress is captured by the Pugachevites, whom the villagers greet with bread and salt. All employees in the fortress are captured and must take an oath of allegiance to Pugachev. The commandant refuses to take the oath and is hanged. His wife also dies. But Grinev suddenly finds himself free. Savelich explains to him that Pugachev is the same stranger to whom Grinev once gave a hare sheepskin coat.

Despite the fact that Grinev openly refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev, he releases him. Grinev leaves, but Masha remains in the fortress. He is sick, and the local priest tells everyone that she is her niece. Shvabrin was appointed commandant of the fortress, who swore allegiance to Pugachev, which cannot but worry Grinev. Once in Orenburg, he asks for help, but does not receive it. Soon he receives a letter from Masha, in which she writes that Shvabrin demands that she marry him. If she refuses, he promises to tell the Pugachevites who she is. Grinev and Savelich travel to the Belogorsk fortress, but on the way they are captured by the Pugachevites and again meet with their leader. Grinev honestly tells him where and why he is going, and Pugachev, unexpectedly for Grinev, decides to help him “punish the offender of the orphan.”

In the fortress, Pugachev frees Masha and, despite the fact that Shvabrin tells him the truth about her, lets her go. Grinev takes Masha to his parents, and he returns to the army. Pugachev’s speech fails, but Grinev is also arrested - at the trial, Shvabrin says that Grinev is Pugachev’s spy. He is sentenced to eternal exile in Siberia, and only Masha’s visit to the Empress helps to achieve his pardon. But Shvabrin himself was sent to hard labor.

Characteristics

• Petr Grinev- a young and handsome son of an officer, honest and kind. At the age of 17 he went to serve in the army, there he fell in love with a girl and became more courageous.
• Shvabrin- antagonist of Grinev, unfaithful, deceitful character. He shot Grinev in a duel, handed him over to Pugachev and betrayed Mironova’s secret.
• Marya Mironova- Grinev's beloved. Positive, honest and brave girl. Commandant's daughter. Before Marya's eyes, her parents were killed.
• Emelyan Pugachev- the main villain of the story. He captured the village and executed all the people who did not bow to him and swear allegiance.

• Savelich- Grinev’s servant, who became his comrade since childhood.
• Ivan Mironov- Marya’s father, commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. He was executed because he did not surrender to Pugachev and did not betray his ideals.
• Vasilisa Mironova- Ivan’s wife, who manages almost all serious affairs in the Belogorsk fortress.
• Catherine II- the empress who pardoned Grinev at her own peril and risk at the request of Maria Mironova.
• Andrey Grinev- Peter's father, retired prime minister. He has a huge house and yard and is a wealthy nobleman. He gives his son to serve so that he gains wisdom and courage.
• Avdotya Vasilievna- Peter's mother, good and loving woman. He loves his son very much and takes care of him tirelessly.

Summary of the story “The Captain's Daughter” by chapters

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

Important! At the age of 17, the father sends the boy to serve, explaining that “he’s tired of running around the girls’ rooms and climbing dovecotes.” The boy went to Orenburg to serve “everyone to whom you swear allegiance.”

Chapter 2. Counselor

Chapter 3. Fortress

Chapter 4. Duel

Chapter 5. Love

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

Chapter 7-8. Attack. Uninvited guest

Chapter 9. Separation

Chapter 10. Siege of the city

Chapter 11. Rebel settlement

Important! He tells Grinev a Kalmyk fairy tale, and he draws a conclusion unexpected for a bandit: “To live by murder and robbery means to peck at carrion for me.”

Chapter 12. Orphan

Chapter 13. Arrest

Chapter 14. Court

The Captain's Daughter is a historical novel dedicated to the bloodiest uprising of the late 18th century - the uprising led by Emelyan Pugachev.

Chapter 1

He spent his life in entertainment and amusements. His teacher, a Frenchman, did not bother his student with work, but rather drank and had fun with his student.

Grinev's father, seeing that with such a life nothing good will come of his son, sends him to military service to his former colleague Captain Mironov.

Young Pyotr Grinev dreams of a brilliant career in St. Petersburg, but instead he is sent to a small fortress near Orenburg on the Yaik River. The serf Savelich is sent with him as a servant and nanny. Already on the way to the fortress, the young man loses 100 rubles at cards and seriously quarrels with his mentor because of this loss.

Chapter 2

In the winter steppe, the coachman loses his way. Travelers are in danger of death. But at this time a guide appears and takes them to the inn. While spending the night in this place, Grinev has a prophetic dream. He sees his father's recent escort in his father's bed. At the same time, Grinev’s mother calls the stranger father.

Then the man jumps out of bed and starts swinging an ax. There are corpses and blood everywhere. Peter wakes up in horror. Waking up, he hears an incomprehensible conversation between the guide and the owner of the inn about upcoming events. As a token of gratitude for the rescue, the young officer gives the escort a hare sheepskin coat and a glass of vodka. Savelich is again very dissatisfied with his young master.

Chapter 3

The fortress in which the young officer was assigned was a tiny village with two dozen disabled people. He is warmly greeted by the family of the fortress commandant, Captain Mironov, a former colleague of Andrei Grinev. The captain's wife Vasilisa Yegorovna managed all the affairs in the fortress and in her small household. Grinev immediately liked these people.

His attention was also attracted by Shvabrin, a young and educated officer exiled from St. Petersburg for a duel, witty and cheerful. Lieutenant Shvabrin was the first to come to Peter to get acquainted, explaining that there was mortal boredom in the fortress. While talking with the new man, Shvabrin spoke extremely disrespectfully about Masha Mironova, the captain’s daughter, calling her a narrow-minded person.

When Peter meets a girl and talks to her, he understands that she is a modest, reasonable and very kind girl.

Chapter 4

The young officer is completely absorbed in his new life. He began to read serious books, became interested in poetry, and even began to compose himself. He dedicated one love song to Masha Mironova. Like a true poet, he wanted to show off his work, and sang it to Shvabrina. In response, he ridiculed the poet and his work, again speaking disparagingly about the subject of Grinev’s passion. What followed was a challenge to a duel.

Having learned about the duel, Masha and the kind Vasilisa Egorovna tried to reconcile the opponents and force them to abandon the duel. But the duel still took place. Pyotr Grinev was wounded in the shoulder.

Chapter 5

Grinev is diligently looked after by Masha and the regimental barber, who also serves as a doctor. The young man cordially forgives Shvabrin, because he understands that his wounded pride spoke. After all, Masha admitted to Peter that Shvabrin wooed her, but was refused. Now much became clear to the young man about his opponent’s behavior.

During his illness, Grinev talks to Masha and asks for her hand in marriage. The girl happily agrees. Peter writes a touching letter to his family asking them to bless their union. In response, he receives an angry message from his father denying his blessing for the marriage. Having also learned about the duel, the father believes that Peter should be immediately transferred to another regiment. The young man invites Masha to get married secretly, but the girl flatly refuses to violate the will of her parents.

Chapter 6

Troubled times are beginning. From Orenburg, the commandant receives a secret report about the “gang” of Emelyan Pugachev, which is joined by peasants and even some military personnel. The fortress was ordered to be prepared for military action. The worried captain intends to send Masha to her relatives away from danger.

Chapter 7

Pugachev's army appears unexpectedly. The commandant never had time to send Masha out of the fortress. The first onslaught and the fortress fell. The commandant, realizing the horror of the situation, ordered his wife to dress her daughter in a peasant dress. At this time, Pugachev, in the guise of a king, begins the trial of the defenders of the fortress.

He offers to obey him and go over to the side of the rebels in exchange for life. Shvabrin is the first to go over to the side of the rebels. The commandant proudly rejected this proposal and was immediately executed. When Grinev is made the same offer, he indignantly rejects it and is already preparing for death.

At this time Savelich appears. He throws himself on his knees before the “king” and asks for his master. A bloody picture of the massacre of Captain Mironov’s wife, who is stabbed to death with sabers, is immediately played out.

Chapter 8

At home, Grinev learned from Savelich that the “sovereign” was their long-time guide who saved them from the blizzard. All the young man’s thoughts are occupied with Masha, because if the rebels find out that she is the daughter of a captain, the commandant of the fortress, they will kill her. Shvabrin, who has gone over to the side of the rebels, can give her away.

At this moment, Grineva invites Pugachev to his place and invites Peter to once again come over to his side - to serve the new “tsar” faithfully, for which he will be made a general. Grinev, respecting officer honor, says that he swore allegiance to the empress and cannot break it. Moreover, he is obliged, if ordered, to fight against the rebels. Pugachev, admiring the young officer’s truthfulness and courage, releases him.

Chapter 9

In the morning, Pugachev publicly sends Grinev to Orenburg with the news that he intends to attack this city in a week. With gloomy thoughts and anxiety in his heart, the young man leaves the Belgorod fortress, because his bride remains in the hands of Shvabrin, who was appointed commandant.

Chapter 10

Upon arrival in Orenburg, Grinev tells the generals everything he knows about Pugachev’s army. Opinions are divided: some are in favor of a swift attack, others want to wait. As a result, the city comes under siege. A few days later, Peter secretly receives a letter from Masha asking him to save her from Shvabrin, who is trying to force the girl into marriage. Peter asks for an army to attack the Belgorod fortress. Having received a refusal, he begins to look for other ways to save the girl.

Chapter 11

Grinev, together with Savelich, goes back to the fortress. On the way, they were captured by rebels and presented to Pugachev. Peter, with his usual directness and truthfulness, talks about Masha and Shvabrin’s meanness. The new “tsar” likes the idea of ​​combining the two loving hearts. In addition, he tells the young man a Kalmyk parable about the raven and the eagle. To which Grinev says that one cannot live by robbery and murder.

Chapter 12

Arriving at the Belgorod fortress, Pugachev demands that Shvabrin show Masha. The new commandant keeps the girl in the pantry on water and bread. In response to the “king’s” anger, Shvabrin immediately reveals to him the secret of the girl’s origin. But at this moment Pugachev is merciful, he releases both Grinev and Masha to freedom.

Chapter 13

On the way to Orenburg, Grinev and Masha are detained by Cossacks, mistaking them for rebels. Luckily for the young people, they are commanded by Lieutenant Zurin, a friend of Grinev’s. He gives practical advice: send the girl to the Grinev family estate, and the young man remain in the active army.

Peter happily took this advice. Seeing the devastated villages and the huge number of innocents killed, he is horrified by the behavior of the rebels. After some time, Zurin receives a notification with an order to arrest Grinev and send him to Kazan for secret communication with the rebels.

Chapter 14

In Kazan, before the investigative committee, Grinev behaves simply and truthfully, because he is confident that he is right. But Shvabrin slanderes the young man, pointing to him as Pugachev’s secret spy. As a result, Grinev is sent to St. Petersburg, where he will appear before a state court. Either execution or eternal hard labor in Siberia awaits him.

Masha, having learned about the pitiful fate of her fiancé, decides to go to St. Petersburg to the empress herself. Here, in the Tsarskoye Selo garden, early in the morning she meets a certain lady, to whom she openly tells all her misadventures. The lady promises to help her. Later Masha learns that she had a conversation with the empress herself. Grinev's case was reviewed, and the young man was completely acquitted.

Afterword

In 1774, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev was acquitted thanks to the dedication and determination of his bride. In 1775, he was present at the execution of Emelyan Pugachev, it was their last meeting. The young people got married and lived happily.

Retelling plan

1. The life of the undergrowth Petrusha Grinev.
2. Peter goes to serve in Orenburg.
3. A stranger saves Grinev in a snowstorm, Peter gives the “counselor” a hare sheepskin coat.
4. Grinev’s acquaintance with the inhabitants of the Belogorsk fortress.
5. Duel between Grinev and Shvabrin.
6. Peter does not receive the blessing of his parents for his wedding with Masha Mironova.
7. Residents of the fortress learn about the approach of Emelyan Pugachev’s army.
8. Pugachev establishes his power in the fortress.
9. Shvabrin goes over to Pugachev’s side. The rebel lets Grinev go, remembering his rabbit sheepskin coat.
10. Shvabrin becomes the commandant of the fortress and forces Masha, who remains an orphan, to marry him.
11. Grinev and Savelich go to help Masha and meet Pugachev again.
12. Pugachev releases Masha and Grinev.
13. Peter sends Masha to his parents, and he himself fights against Pugachev.
14. Grinev was arrested following Shvabrin’s denunciation.
15. Masha seeks justice from the empress.

Retelling

Epigraph: Take care of honor from a young age. (Proverb.)

Chapter 1. Sergeant of the Guard

Peter Grinev's father retired; there were nine children in the family, but all except Peter died in infancy. Even before his birth, Petrusha was enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment. The boy is raised by the serf uncle Savelich, under whose guidance Petrusha masters Russian literacy and learns to “judge the merits of a greyhound dog.” Later, the Frenchman Beaupré was assigned to him, who was supposed to teach the boy “French, German and other sciences,” but he did not educate Petrusha, but drank and walked. The father soon discovered this and kicked the Frenchman out.

In his seventeenth year, Petrusha’s father sent him to serve, but not to St. Petersburg, as his son had hoped, but to Orenburg. Along the way, Grinev meets captain Zurin at a tavern, who teaches him to play billiards, gets him drunk and wins 100 rubles from him. Grinev “behaved like a boy who had broken free.” The next morning Zurin demands the winnings. Wanting to show character, Grinev forces Savelich, despite his protests, to give out money, and, ashamed, leaves Simbirsk.

Chapter 2. Counselor

On the way, Grinev asks Savelich for forgiveness for his stupid behavior. On the way they are caught in a snowstorm. They lose their way, but meet a man who leads them to their home. At the inn, Grinev looks at the counselor. He talks to the owner in “allegorical language”: “I flew into the garden, pecked hemp; Grandmother threw a pebble, but missed.” Grinev sees a prophetic dream in which subsequent events are predicted. Grinev gives the counselor a rabbit sheepskin coat. gratitude for salvation.

From Orenburg, his father's old friend Andrei Karlovich sends Grinev to serve in the Belogorsk fortress (40 versts from the city).

Chapter 3. Fortress

The fortress looks like a village. Everything is in charge of a reasonable and kind old woman, the commandant’s wife, Vasilisa Egorovna.

Grinev meets Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin, a young officer transferred to the fortress for a duel. He tells Grinev about life in the fortress, sarcastically describes the commandant’s family, and speaks especially unflatteringly about the commandant Mironov’s daughter, Masha.

Chapter 4. Duel

Grinev becomes very attached to the commandant’s family. He is promoted to officer. Grinev communicates a lot with Shvabrin, but he likes him less and less, and especially his caustic remarks about Masha. Grinev dedicates love poems to Masha, mediocre ones. Shvabrin sharply criticizes them, insults Masha before talking with Grinev. Grinev calls him a liar, Shvabrin demands satisfaction. To prevent a duel, on the orders of Vasilisa Yegorovna they are arrested. After some time, Grinev learns from Masha that Shvabrin wooed her, and she refused him (this explains Shvabrin’s persistent slander towards the girl). The duel resumes, Shvabrin insidiously wounds Grinev.

Chapter 5. Love

Masha and Savelich are caring for the wounded. Grinev proposes to Masha. He writes a letter to his parents asking for their blessing for marriage. Shvabrin comes to visit Grinev and admits that he was to blame. In Father Grinev’s letter there is a refusal of blessing. Masha avoids Grinev, does not want a wedding without the consent of her parents. Grinev stops visiting the Mironovs’ house and loses heart.

Chapter 6. Pugachevism

The commandant receives notification of the bandit gang of Emelyan Pugachev attacking the fortress. Vasilisa Egorovna finds out everything, and rumors about an imminent attack spread throughout the fortress. Pugachev surrounds the fortress and calls on the enemy to surrender. Ivan Kuzmich decides to send Masha away from the fortress. Masha says goodbye to Grinev. Vasilisa Egorovna refuses to leave and remains with her husband.

Chapter 7. Attack

At night, the Cossacks leave the Belogorsk fortress under the banners of Pugachev. The Pugachevites attack the fortress. The commandant and the few defenders of the fortress are defending themselves, but the forces are unequal. Pugachev, who captured the fortress, arranges a trial. Ivan Kuzmich and his comrades are executed (hanged). When it’s Grinev’s turn, Savelich throws himself at Pugachev’s feet, begging him to spare the “master’s child,” he promises; ransom Pugachev changes his anger to mercy, remembering the barchuk who gave him a hare sheepskin coat. Residents of the city and garrison soldiers swear allegiance to Pugachev. They take Vasilisa Yegorovna out onto the porch and kill her. Pugachev leaves. The people are running after him.

Chapter 10. Siege of the city

Grinev goes to Orenburg to visit General Andrei Karlovich. Officials offer to bribe Pugachev's people (put a high price on his head). The constable brings Grinev a letter from Masha from the Belogorsk fortress. She reports that Shvabrin is forcing her to marry him. Grinev asks the general to give him a company of soldiers and fifty Cossacks to clear the Belogorsk fortress. The general, of course, refuses.

Chapter 11. Rebel settlement

Grinev and Savelich go alone to help Masha. On the way, they are grabbed by Pugachev’s people. Pugachev interrogates Grinev about his intentions in the presence of like-minded people. Grinev admits that he is going to save an orphan from Shvabrin’s claims. The robbers propose to deal not only with Shvabrin, but also with Grinev, namely, to hang both. Pugachev treats Grinev with obvious sympathy and promises to marry him to Masha. In the morning, Grinev goes to the fortress in Pugachev’s wagon. In a confidential conversation, Pugachev tells him that he would like to go to Moscow, and tells Grinev a Kalmyk fairy tale about an eagle and a raven.

Chapter 12. Orphan

In the fortress, Pugachev finds out that Shvabrin is mocking Masha, starving her. Pugachev “by the will of the sovereign” frees the girl and wants to immediately marry her to Grinev. Shvabrin reveals that she is the daughter of Captain Mironov. Pugachev decides: “execute like that, execute like that, favor like that,” and releases Grinev and Masha.

Chapter 13. Arrest

On the way from the fortress, soldiers arrest Grinev, mistaking him for a Pugachevo, and take him to their superior, who turns out to be Zurin. On his advice, Grinev decides to send Masha and Savelich to his parents, while he continues to fight. Pugachev is being pursued and caught. The war ends. Zurin receives an order to arrest Grinev and send him under guard to Kazan to the Investigative Commission in the Pugachev case.

Chapter 14. Court

Due to Shvabrin's slanderous denunciation, Grinev is suspected of serving Pugachev. He is sentenced to exile in Siberia.

Grinev's parents are in grief over the fate of their son. They became very attached to Masha. Masha goes to St. Petersburg to seek justice from the Empress herself. In Tsarskoe Selo, in the garden, she accidentally meets the empress, not knowing who is in front of her, and tells true story Grineva explains that he came to Pugachev because of her. Masha is called to the palace. At the audience, the Empress promises to arrange Masha’s fate and forgive Grinev. He is released from custody.

Title of the work: Captain's daughter

Year of writing: 1836

Genre of the work: historical novel

Main characters: Grinev Petr Andreevich- young officer, warrant officer, Arkhip Savelich- servant, Pugachev- rebel, Marya Ivanovna Mironova- captain's daughter Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin- officer, traitor.

Plot

The protagonist's father decides that his son, at the age of 17, is time to grow up and join the army. He goes to the Belgorod fortress, near Orenburg. On the difficult journey, assistance is provided by Pugachev, who was thanked with a hare sheepskin coat. Upon arrival at the service, Pyotr Andreich falls in love with the captain's daughter Marya Ivanovna. He even fought a duel because of her. Grinev was wounded. The father did not want to bless the marriage. The following describes the terrible events of the capture of the fortress by Pugachev’s army. The officers were hanged, but the ensign escaped this fate, as the rebel recognized him. Taking incredible risks, Peter was able to prevent Masha from marrying Shvabrin, who took the side of the robbers. Grinev was accused of conspiring with Pugachev and sent to Siberia. She was saved by Marya Ivanovna, who asked the empress herself for mercy.

Conclusion (my opinion)

For love you can overcome all difficulties. Grinev found himself between two fires, but did not retreat. In order not to disturb his beloved, he was ready to spend his whole life in Siberia. Pushkin also showed how terrible a riot can be for innocent people.