And organizing user interaction.

ROSA Linux

The Russian company ROSA (STC IT ROSA LLC) is engaged in the development of system software, including in accordance with the requirements of Russian legislation

Peculiarities:

The distribution uses its own developments:

ABF is a modern domestic automated development system software.

ROSA Hardware DB - database of tested equipment;

RocketBar - a quick launch panel for applications with the ability to switch between them;

SimpleWelcome - a single launch point for applications grouped by functionality;

TimeFrame is a content visualization tool that allows you to track activity and find documents and files by specific dates.

StackFolder - an applet that allows you to organize quick access to the most used directories and files (included in KDE 4.10 by default);

Klook - a utility for quickly viewing a group of files (analogous to QuickLook in Mac OS X, in KDE 4.10 by default);

ROMP is a multimedia player based on MPlayer and SMPlayer;

ROSA SoftwareCenter - application installation center;

UpstreamTracker - tracking and analyzing the compatibility of changes in Linux libraries;

Kernel ABI Tracker - analysis of changes in the Linux kernel.

Latest version

The Calculate Linux project envisions several distributions covering both ordinary users and small and medium-sized businesses that prefer open source software instead of proprietary solutions.

Calculate Linux is based on GentooLinux, which is well known for its stability and high performance on a wide range of hardware and runs from PentiumPro to modern processors.

Calculate Linux Desktop is a free solution for user workstations. Together with the server, it provides important features such as roaming profiles and centralized software deployment.

Calculate Directory Server can successfully replace Windows NT Server ® (with support for Windows clients) and provide additional services: LDAP, DNS, PROXY, Mail, FTP, Jabber and many others, which can be deployed in a matter of minutes.

Calculate Linux is an optimized distribution designed for rapid deployment in enterprise environments. It is based on the Gentoo project and has numerous pre-configured features.

Calculate Linux is divided into four directions - a version for PCs and laptops (Calculate Linux Desktop), a server version (Calculate Directory Server), a distribution kit for self-assembly of the system (Calculate Linux Scratch) and a home multimedia entertainment center (Calculate Media Center).

All versions of the distribution are distributed as a bootable livecd image with the ability to install on a HDD, USB-Flash or USB-HDD.

Peculiarities:

A ready-made client-server solution in combination with Calculate Directory Server and Calculate Linux Desktop.

Fast enterprise deployment with support for installation from DVD, USB-Flash or PXE.

Complete work in heterogeneous networks. Calculate Linux Deskop and MS Windows users share the Calculate Directory Server network resources.

Support for modification of the distribution, including software composition and settings.

Local and remote system management using proprietary Calculate utilities.

Releases:

: The distribution is released at intervals of 2-3 times a year. The version number of distributions includes the year and month of release, numbering starts from 7.6. Weekly Stage skins are available with all the latest changes. The Stage version of the image consists of the year, month and day.

The release of operating systems and programs "in boxes" is an important component of ALT Linux's activities. Publishing high-quality, yet accessible operating systems allows us to support a strong developer community and continue to improve free software.

Today, ALT Linux offers a range of operating systems for various purposes, free office programs for Linux and Windows, as well as books related to the world of UNIX and free software.

Integrated kit

Alt Linux releases an integrated set of distributions, including

yourself Workstation and Server. Using the kit allows you to

rapid network deployment with centralized configuration and management.

Current version: 7.0.5

Just be special

Simply Linux (Simply Linux) is the operating system for each of you.

It is easy to use, does not require resources, is functional and reliable.

After installing Simply Linux, you are unlikely to need anything else to perform everyday tasks - the system comes with more than 30 programs for all occasions, as well as device drivers. The kit does not include an antivirus, but only because it is not necessary - all malicious programs will remain outside of your computer. The Simply Linux system is reliably protected.

System advantages:

Lightweight yet functional Xfce desktop environment

The kit includes more than 30 of the best, fully Russified applications for home and office

Work safety

The graphic design of the system is an important component of any OS. For each release of the distribution, designer Anna Osmolovskaya creates an original design concept, which is complemented by a set of original wallpapers from Vlad Gerasimov. The art collection of each distribution includes wallpapers, as well as the design of the installer system interface.

The idea of ​​the Simply Linux project is to interest the user in free software, showing the comfort and convenience of working with it.

Alt Linux Centaur

Current version: 7.0.5

Description:

Alt Linux 7.0 Centaurus (ALT Linux 7.0 Centaurus) is a multifunctional distribution for servers and workstations, primarily intended for use in corporate networks. Compared to its predecessor, the Alt Linux 6.0 Centaur distribution, Centaur has significantly expanded functionality, as well as:

The ability to install in UEFI mode (for 64-bit versions) is provided.

pam_ccreds has been integrated, which allows you to comfortably use a computer connected to a domain outside of it (enabled in System Control Center → Authentication)

A domain can be used to authenticate computers running Windows.

Improved support for running 32-bit applications in a 64-bit environment.

1C works out of the box (installation of the 1c-preinstall package is required).

Main advantages:

Selecting deployment solutions (for example, web server and graphical environment) during the installation phase.

The ability to both deploy and use only certain services without Alterator.

Install server and end user solutions from a single drive.

Easily deploy diskless client downloads.

The MATE environment is supplied as a graphical environment for the workstation; FVWM is supplied as a minimal environment for server administration. Almost all server components in the distribution have the ability to be remotely controlled via a web interface. At the same time, installing a web interface is not mandatory.

The central place in the server functionality is occupied by the “ALT-domain” kit: interconnected LDAP, Kerberos, DNS, Samba, DHCP, Postfix, Dovecot servers, network boot server, update server. It is also possible to use all of these servers separately.

Alt Linux School

Current version 7.0

“Alt Linux 7.0 School” is a set of distribution kits for educational institutions. The kit includes OS based on ALT Linux to build the infrastructure of an educational institution:

School Server

School teacher

School Junior

School Master

The main feature of the kit is the integration of student and teacher workplaces. This feature allows you not only to centrally manage the educational process, but also interacts between students and teachers in the familiar form of chats and forums. Messages may contain tasks, their solutions and comments. It is also possible to exchange files of any format, both between teacher and student, and between students.

School Server

Server operating system equipped with convenient user interface for settings. The server can be managed from any computer via a web browser. Includes the following components:

Moodle Server

MediaWiki Server

ownCloud Server

MySQL Server

LDAP server

Mail server

Firewall

Kerberos server

Centralized software update server

Network installation server

Server Reserve copy

Backup storage server.

Electronic magazine RUZHEL

The School Server distribution is also available in a version designed for deployment in the Hyper-V virtualization system.

School teacher

The operating system, which contains an expanded set of applications, is based on the XFCE graphical environment. The distribution also includes:

iTALC educational process management system;

Antivirus ClamAV;

Bacula Backup Client;

Centralized software update client

School Junior

Operating system based on work environment XFCE is designed for use on student computers. This could be a desktop computer, laptop or netbook. In addition to the standard set of application and training software, the system contains:

Backup Client

Central Update Client

ownCloud client

School Master

A universal operating system based on the KDE4 graphical environment can be used both at teacher and student workstations.

Possibilities:

Based on these distributions, you can build an infrastructure to provide students with educational materials on desktop computers, laptops, netbooks, tablets and e-books. Using Alt Linux 7.0 School in educational institutions has several significant advantages:

Zero cost for user licenses1

Possibility to customize the system to meet specific requirements

Centralized authentication management via directory server

Possibility of network loading of diskless clients with data saving on the server

High virus protection of software

The server is installed with a graphical shell, which does not start by default.

GosLinux operating system of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia.

A multi-user, multi-tasking operating system for 32-bit and 64-bit hardware platforms, providing a functional, secure environment for performing application programming.

Main features of OC:

Free software.

Security functions according to GOST R ISO/IEC 15408.

Regular inspection control.

Free installation rights.

Key Features:

Two cores - server and workstation.

Compatible with CentOS 66 package base.

PAM has been improved for authentication using 63-FZ certificates.

Improved Open NX.

Support BtrFS,NILFS,OCFS,NTFS.

Fault-tolerant service plaster Pacemaker.

Support for SKRI CryptoPRO CSP.

Graphical key media manager.

Open SSH, Open SSL, pam_pkcs 11 with support for GOST encryption.

The operating system is developed in two versions - for servers and workstations, and is installed with pre-configured information security tools.

Operating system "AstraLinuxSpecialEdition" release "Smolensk" (version 1.5)

During the work, the main components of the special-purpose operating system (hereinafter referred to as OS SN) were updated, while the main efforts of the developers were aimed at:

increasing the security of the operating system;

improving the quality and usability of software;

providing support for modern equipment.

In addition to the previously existing operating modes (standard desktop, tablet mode) of the graphical window manager FLY, a mobile operating mode has been added on modern equipment equipped with touch screens

The work was carried out jointly with the Academy of the Federal Security Service of Russia and the Institute of System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In the course of the work, the implementation of a method for ensuring the security of information flows (patent No. 2525481), developed by specialists from the ICSI Academy of the FSB of Russia, was ensured by means of protection built into the operating system and the DBMS included in it. In addition, the Institute of System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences verified information security tools for compliance with the formal model.

The changes made increase the security of information processing and expand the capabilities for working with modern computer equipment:

OS kernel CH Linux 4.2, providing support for modern computer technology (CT);

CH Linux 4.2 OS kernel with a set of PaX changes, ensuring software operation in least privilege mode and protection against exploitation of various software vulnerabilities.

The mechanism for creating a closed software environment, implemented in the SN OS kernel, implements new functionality:

Support for GOST R 34.11-2012 and GOST R 34.10-2012 with a hash code length of 256 bits;

Possibility of saving a file’s digital signature in extended attributes of the file system and its automatic dynamic verification by the CH OS kernel

Software designed for automated regulatory integrity control implements support for GOST R 34.11-2012 with a hash code length of 256 bits (default) and GOST R 34.11-2012 with a hash code length of 512 bits (recommendations for use).

Authentication tools using a local user database implement support for GOST R 34.11-2012 and the possibility of end-to-end user authentication using plug-ins from manufacturers of various types of hardware-software authentication and loading modules

The AstraLinuxDirectory (ALD) software for organizing a single user space (network domain) implements:

Support for GOST R 34.10-2012 and GOST R 34.11-2012 for authentication via Kerberos;

The possibility of end-to-end user authentication in the ALD network domain has been implemented using advanced APMDZ products of the MAXIM family with a trusted network adapter.

The means for managing trust relationships between ALD domains and the means for authorizing ALD users when interacting between domains have been modernized;

Additional capabilities for remote management of workstations and servers in the ALD domain have been implemented.

The version of the secure DBMS based on PostgreSQL version 9.4 has been updated, which implements access control mechanisms based on the DP model for managing access and information flows.

Tools for creating high availability clusters have been added to the secure DBMS.

The graphical window manager FLY has been transferred to the modern library of graphic primitives Qt 5.5.

In addition to the previously existing operating modes (standard desktop, tablet mode) of the graphical window manager FLY, a mobile operating mode has been added on modern equipment equipped with touch screens.

In the graphical subsystem of the OS CH based on X.org, a protected data exchange buffer has been developed for copying information between graphical applications executed with different capability contexts in an isolated environment.

A graphical interface for managing kiosk tools has been implemented through the mechanisms of the graphical window manager FLY.

A graphical administrator interface has been developed for configuring network services and secure servers for print, email, hypertext document processing and DBMS.

Centralized audit tools have been improved based on the results of operating the SN OS in order to ensure compliance with the requirements for information security systems of automated systems of military command and control bodies.

Tools for creating Live-CD/USB installation images with read-only mode have been developed and included in the CH OS.

Changes have been made to the composition of the SN OS aimed at eliminating vulnerabilities in software components identified during operation.

There were other interesting domestic developments of new computer architectures and their operating systems, first of all - original specialized computers for various applications and their operating systems (mainly, in their class and purpose, they were real-time systems).

However, in the early 1970s, a new stage, unexpected for most users and specialists, began in the development of domestic computer technology and its system software. The USSR government made an unprecedented decision to create, as the main one for a fairly long period of time (as originally planned, for 20-30 years, which turned out to be a utopia), a domestic series - Unified Computer System (US Computer System)- by copying American computers of the IBM 360 series. Accordingly, all basic system software, including the OS, was also adapted for use in the USSR (or was used in its original form - with messages in English, etc.). This decision caused big problems with financing for domestic developers computer architectures. This also caused great difficulties for users and software developers, since not everyone was fluent in English language(nowadays in this last respect the situation is much better). For example, wrapper systems appeared that provided a Russian-language interface: with their help, all tasks for the EU were written using Russian-language mnemonics, then converted into the English-language Job Control Language ( job management language IBM 360), and all messages produced as results were translated into Russian. This was an interesting approach, but it didn't catch on. Documentation for the IBM 360 was gradually translated into Russian, and Russian-language reference and educational literature on ES computers appeared. Unfortunately, domestic analogues of IBM 360 equipment - machines of the ES computer series - turned out to be much less reliable than their prototypes. Over the course of several more years, another government decision was made - on a similar copying of the American minicomputers of the PDP 10 and PDP 11 series, under the general name "Minicomputer System" (SM COMPUTER). Computers of this series SM-1, SM-2, SM-3 and SM-4 were released. There were other similar works on copying foreign computer architectures and the production of domestic analogues on this basis. In fact, we can say that, thanks to this approach, the life of foreign operating systems in the USSR and Russia was extended by at least 15-20 years, which is simply unprecedented. Copying IBM 360 and PDP machines, on the one hand, made it possible for Soviet programmers to master new advanced operating systems, programming languages, program libraries, on the other hand, it threw our domestic computer technology even further back. One of the classics of computer science, Professor Edsger Dijkstra (E. Dijkstra) in 1977 at a scientific seminar in Leningrad at the USSR Academy of Sciences, not without irony, noted that “the Russian decision to copy

There are facts:

• Russia does not produce operating systems whose role would be noticeable in the IT industry;
• Linux localizations were produced in Russia;
• Windows has a dominant position in the desktop OS market.

This state of affairs does not always suit the domestic IT community. Here is the Ponosov case, and appeals to the State Duma, and many other informational reasons in the media.

The idea of ​​a national operating system revolves mainly around two options.

• Creating your own OS from scratch, perhaps not even compatible with any of the existing ones.
• Creation of a good domestic Linux distribution, development of a sufficient number of applications for it so that users move away from Windows smoothly.

When choosing the first path, there is something to rely on: there are original domestic developments: Hummingbird OS, Phantom OS, there was the 3OS project (more detailed information available at osrc.info). There is nothing to comment on the second option.

In my opinion, of the two options, both are bad. According to Net Applications, Windows OS accounted for 89.37% of the market share in February 2009. Apple held 9.71% of the OS market. The shares of Linux and FreeBSD were 0.89% and 0.02%, respectively. The accuracy of these figures can be doubted. But the discrepancy with the truth is almost within the limits of statistical error. It is extremely difficult to change these figures and shake Microsoft's position. Not because Windows is so good, but because trillions of dollars have been invested in developing applications for this platform. Nobody wants to throw them away just like that. Perhaps Apple's position is not as strong as Microsoft's, but it is certainly no worse than that of the future national OS. It turns out that the national OS will not share the pie with Microsoft and Apple. No, it will bite off its share of the market with a capacity of 0.89% + 0.02% = 0.91%. She will not fight for a place in the sun, only for a small piece of it. And it doesn’t matter what it will be: developed from scratch, based on Linux. Why do we want to prepare such an unenviable fate for this unborn child? Isn’t it better to immediately fight for a tasty pie with a share of 89.37%?

Yes, you need to have an operating system that is fully compatible with Windows, and this is where you should focus your efforts. Moreover, such an OS already exists: it is ReactOS. It is still “not out of the swaddling clothes”: it has poor compatibility with existing software for Windows. It does not work on all hardware; not all drivers for Windows are suitable for ReactOS. There are many problems, because the task itself is great. But there are already successes: 32 MB of RAM is enough to run ReactOS 0.3.9! Modesty - at the Windows98 level (Win2K requires 128 MB, WinXP SP1 - 196 MB).

How many computers do we have in government agencies and companies in our country that have unlicensed Windows? One hundred thousand? Million? We multiply this number by the cost of the license and get an amount that can be invested in ReactOS and provide work for a lot of people. And if the government agrees on similar steps with other states, the amount could increase by an order of magnitude. It will be cheaper than writing an “axis” from scratch and then developing software for it. After all, the main idea of ​​ReactOS is to preserve existing applications.

Of course, not everyone will embrace this idea with a bang. After all, writing a new OS is very interesting: you can put fantastic innovations into it. For example, the Hummingbird OS is extremely fast, but in the Phantom OS programs do not run, but “wake up” and “fall asleep” (like the OS itself). And then Windows... A long-known API that needs to be routinely and pedantically copied. There are no innovations, everything should be the same as in this nasty standard. No, this is not for artists, this is for craftsmen.

Anyone who is used to Windows programs is a potential ally of ReactOS. There are millions or even billions of such people. They are also opponents of the future OS if it is not compatible with Windows. Trillions of dollars invested in various software for Windows will vote for such an OS. Millions of netbooks with modest specifications are simply waiting for a compact OS. Such as ReactOS. Acer, Sony, Toshiba, Asus, Lenovo will be happy to pre-install it on their netbooks. 100% compatible with Windows.

However, this is a reasonable way to go. Indeed, in addition to the final result - a national OS, we will have national personnel with experience in developing such systems. But then these personnel can gradually change this OS and follow their line.

Let's remember the history of the rivalry between Intel and AMD. The failure of the Itanium processors clearly demonstrated that Intel had lost the right to abandon the x86 architecture. The AMD x86 processor with 64-bit architecture looked like a forced, deliberately losing response to Itanium. After all, these processors were really worse from a technical point of view. Nevertheless, AMD’s calculation turned out to be correct: it is not Intel that drives the market, but the market that drives Intel and AMD combined.

In this regard, Microsoft does not have a competitor on its tail. But it would be nice if he were! Intel and AMD are constantly at war: price and technology. Microsoft, on the other hand, feels serene. But ReactOS could further influence Microsoft in the same way that AMD influenced Intel with its 64-bit processors. One can recall the struggle of processor giants to save energy in their brainchildren. And dream about an analogy: Windows Windows 7 “eats” a lot of memory? Here's ReactOS, very modest and frugal. Competition is a great force... If a clone of Winodws existed and was sold freely, the commercial prospects for the latest OS from Microsoft would be foggier... It would be nice to invite foreign ReactOS developers to Russia. Those. move from brain drain to brain gain.

Of course, there are pitfalls, the biggest of which are patents. Microsoft, for example, owns patents for double-clicking the mouse and popping up the context menu when pressing the right mouse button. Without this, Windows, one might say, is not Windows. From point of view ordinary person Such patents are absurd. But they allow Microsoft to sue any competitor in the United States and many other countries. Russia does not recognize these types of patents. The position of the European Union has not yet been fully formed. There is hope that software patents will not be legalized in the EU. China will also oppose software patents in the coming decades. So ReactOS has a chance.

But there is an extremely alarming point regarding the National Software Platform and the methods of its promotion. The PenWin Software company won a competition in September 2011 to create a prototype of a research and development software, the creation of which was given 16 days. A logical question: if new technologies require so little time for their development, then how many domestic products could be created! And here is an opinion on this matter, a quote from the website professionali.ru:

I had several meetings with my old colleagues. These are very knowledgeable and experienced IT people. They cooled my ardor somewhat. They have long been familiar with the PingWin team and the practices of the relevant government structures. Everything was explained to me in detail. This is a cover for another budget cut. Strangers don't come here... Please note that you can only contact them by e-mail, no forums! In short, the main thing is to stir things up, and so that there is no professional discussion, much less control. Well, aren't they great? Cool scammers...

Lest this Russian OS just become a reason for another “cut”...

What operating system does Russia need?

According to Reactos, I would agree with you. But sawing and patents are two rather big problems. Then they will tell you to pay the deductions..
The figures for the spread of open source software are quite illusory, so I estimate the growth from 2007 to 2013 to be at least 3 times. Simply, only in my environment and at enterprises, one and a half hundred installations have been carried out and now there is support - everything works. On that hardware, xp was still tossing and turning, but if you add security programs... People forgot about this nightmare and calls to admins for every SMS blocker.

2013/11/16 11:48 , Noname

There was a story with the pre-installation of BeOs as a second system on computers and this was considered a threat to Windows. So what's the result? Enthusiasts (or not) have made the Haiku Axis binary compatible with BeOs and continue to consistently update it, but is anyone interested? Port the necessary software to the new OS and it has a chance to be in demand on the market.
P.S. This message was written in the Haiku web browser on a netbook.

So in ReactOS, in theory, there is no need to port anything - this is its benefit. It just needs to be brought to mind.

2014/03/18 18:33 , Noname

Kolibri OS received support in the form of a participant in the Google GSOC 2014 student summer program - this should give it an additional impetus for development and bring it to a wider audience of people interested in such a system.

2014/06/02 13:05 , 192.168.66.147, 213.177.125.154

In fact, the idea of ​​a Russian OS has been implemented by at least 2 projects:
Rosinka: Based on Mint Linux, Rosa is based on Linux and is considered an rpm distribution.

2014/07/09 06:50 , Lay

This is a great idea, but I think you need to first buy licenses for various types of files, otherwise the Pindos will put spokes in the wheels so that the axis cannot feel free without restrictions. After all, this is a very big competition!

The “doc” and “xls” formats do not seem to be patented. At least OpenOffice and LibreOffice are not being prosecuted. But even if the American market is closed for patent reasons, the world without software patents is quite large. I think our fellow Chinese would support us.

2014/08/07 13:15 , 80.83.237.27

Linux is better than this crooked product

What's stopping you from making it good?

2014/08/31 04:43 , gt

Android is also Linux, no one cares. I will say more, many do not know this. They repeat memes like Linux for nerds and Windows everywhere.
Arrange supplies of domestic axles to the state. institutions and everywhere it will be.
As soon as compatible products appear that compete with MS, they immediately take action and compatibility ends.
Dead end path. Work as number two, inventing someone else's bicycle for free.

If Android is put into the corporate sector, it will make a big difference. Accountants will not be able to report to the tax office - cryptomail only works on Windows. You cannot send a cargo customs declaration to customs. You cannot fill out an alcohol declaration. “Client-bank” will not work. Corporate information systems, as a rule, have only one version - for Windows. Rather than rewriting a million programs for Linux, isn't it easier to write a new Windows, i.e. ReactOS?

Yes, there are many programs for Android. But the opportunity to hang around on VKontakte, tweet cats, listen to music, chat on ICQ is not of much interest to business leaders. When they switch to Linux, they end up with a lot of problems. But if problems can be solved for money, then these are not problems, but expenses. I paid 3-4 thousand for the license - and my head doesn’t hurt. And if you bring ReactOS to fruition, you won’t even have to pay this money.

AMD also worked as number two. And nothing. At a certain point, she worked as the first issue - see the text of the article. MS can act as it pleases, but if they don't provide compatibility with older programs, they'll cut off the branch they're sitting on. Again, see the article for an example of the relationship between AMD and Intel. It is not Microsoft and Intel that control the market, but the market that controls them. Those. the tail rarely wags the dog.

2015/01/18 15:25 , Alexander Anatolyevich

I can say for sure that if you work towards creating an operating system and recruit good personnel, then you can create your own operating system that is fully compatible with WIND.
Anyone who has been playing WORLD of TANKS since 2010 will understand that a group of programmers created the game from scratch and involved a lot of people in the game.
So the shortage of programmers is a fairy tale; they will write about it. You just need to set real goals. And pay real money.

2015/01/23 09:43 , Ilya

Alexander, I completely agree!!! the main problem the fact that Russia has no head, everyone does what they please, “When there is no agreement among the comrades, their business will not go well, and nothing will come out of it, only torment.” Only specific tasks and only good money for work. I think we need to make new software from scratch!!! Yes, it won’t be easy, but it will allow you to avoid the mistakes of previous OSes.

2015/02/04 02:57 , Alexander Zyablitsky

Russia needs to make its own operating system, of course. But in order to capture as many users as possible at the start, it is necessary to be compatible with the leading operating system (Windows). An important bridge for the application software needed by most users (this is the only point of contact with Windows).

P.S. Correct the text of the control number on the reviews: “eight days” to “eighty”; "weight" by "eight"

This is removed for protection from the Roberts. Robert Tokay won’t remember the text, but Chevolek will.

2015/02/09 18:39 , Paul

I think we need to look a little ahead. Traditional operating systems have already faded into the background, and if you concentrate your efforts on developing a classic operating system, it will be a mistake. I don’t argue that a classic OS is needed, but you just need to allocate enough money for it (and this requires low interest rates on loans) and hire specialists, and they will write Windows or Unix for you, it doesn’t matter, their kernels are similar and quite simple. The most fun is in technologies that work on top of classic operating systems - for this you will have to hire expensive specialists and conduct research. However, even there it is already possible to discern the general direction of movement, and without the burden of compatibility, costs can be significantly reduced. Reactos can also act as a base platform if experts consider that its modification will be cheaper than development from scratch. Just one question about reactos - is this a Russian development? As far as I know, the founders there are foreign, we also need to discuss the issue with them.

2015/02/17 07:24 , NikolayE

No matter how it is. How can the foundation of the entire IT industry fade into the background?
The OS is the infrastructure on which everything rests, and until we have our own product, we are seriously dependent on foreign developers - they dictate the rules of how to live, and we can only collect scraps from their table.

But creating something domestic is possible only if the state takes advantage of its monopoly right as a consumer in the state. structures and industry and will only buy our hypothetical OS (or better, two or three for competition). Then we will have a capacious market that can provide funds for the further growth of applications for our OS and not only for our companies but also for foreign ones (this is also very important, otherwise we will find ourselves in isolation created with our own hands).

I don’t know what ReactOS is, maybe it’s good, but in fact there is no other option other than Linux. Why?
Firstly, there is a big backlog of software.
Secondly, absolute access to all sources.
Thirdly, for fans of Windows applications, there is a wine project and it can be “finished off” in a targeted way for each Windows software package. And, accordingly, there is actually no advantage of ReactOS in supporting WInAPI.
Fourthly, domestic competitive operating systems may appear while maintaining compatibility.

The OS is the basis of the foundations and from this you need to dance.

ReactOS is only good because it is the only one that declares full compatibility with Windows as its ultimate goal.
1) The backlog of software for Windows is no less significant.
2) ReactOS source code is also open.
3) The fact that absolutely all programs work under Wine can be stated only after a thorough study of the compatibility of all specific applications.
4) They can, but they don’t appear yet.

2015/02/25 06:01 , NikolayE

Those. Does she initially put herself in the position of a laggard? On the one hand, it’s certainly easier to follow the beaten path, but miracles don’t happen, and how will ReactOS differ from the same wine in the end? I think there will be the same problems - you will have to finish it for each application separately.
An abstract example - the USSR already once decided to take the position of catching up in the field of computers, and what came of it?

There is nothing wrong with the position of initially catching up. Ours did not hesitate to borrow the V-2 from the Germans. And they didn’t stop there! Next came Gagarin and undeniable technological leadership. We didn’t hesitate to borrow atomic secrets, and some time later we also became technological leaders.

I would like us to look for differences not between ReactOS and wine, but between ReactOS and Windows. And as a result, they would find that from the point of view of using a lot of programs there are no differences. And from the point of view of security, protection from viruses and Trojans - so that the difference is huge in favor of ReactOS. Then the catching-up role of ReactOS in WinAPI support would be more than compensated by its leadership in reliability and security. By the way, when I talk about ReactOS, I don’t mean it itself, but any Windows-compatible OS.

There will be the same problems - you will have to finish it for each application separately.

But why isn’t Windows updated to accommodate the written applications? It is necessary to create a 100% compatible architecture from the very beginning. And wine was initially a “crutch” on top of Linux.

The USSR already once decided to take the position of catching up in the field of computers, and what came of it?

What is the cause and what is the effect? The USSR collapsed due to copying IBM/360/370 and PDP? Excuse me, but the breakup had many other, more serious reasons. Or did the USSR collapse, so it switched to copying? It became clear only towards the end that it was falling apart. And copying began 2 decades earlier.

2015/02/25 13:28 , Igor

I absolutely agree with the author of the article. I will not once again rewrite the advantages of Windows - a compatible OS, but I would like to draw the attention of the entire esteemed audience to only two points: people and money. In Russia there is already a whole generation of programmers who are good Windows knowledgeable. And even if there is a “catch-up OS”, it would be wrong not to use such potential to create our own domestic application programs. In order for the new “Russian” axis, written from scratch, to be successful, a lot, a lot is needed. And if it is incompatible with the rest of the world, this project will always be a failure. AND knowledgeable people This is well understood. Not so long ago Windows Mobile occupied almost the entire market of mobile operating systems. Question. Where is she now with her tiled interface? Do those who voted “...according to the latest science, compatibility can be neglected” know that it was precisely because of incompatibility with old applications that led to Microsoft losing the market, and Google taking advantage of it? For those interested, find a phone with Windows Mobile 6.5 and compare with Android. Has Android come a long way?
I believe that the savings for Russia from investing in ReactOS would be colossal. These include schools, government agencies, small companies where nothing else is needed other than Word and 1C, etc. And who is preventing us from developing further and at the same time being compatible with the rest of the world? But, unfortunately, our decisions are not made by those who actually write the code and feel the problem from the inside. I have not yet heard about the great world achievements of Skolkovo, or about Chubais’ nanoprocessors. Therefore, Linux clones will continue to be born in Russia, with Red Hat lines in the source code, but the money will be mastered.

2015/02/26 05:53 , NikolayE

I didn’t connect the collapse of the USSR with computer copying, I’m just talking about the fact that that decision to copy completely killed the domestic industry and the consequences are still echoing here to this day. That’s why, in my opinion, you need to be more careful with this “catching up” position.
With the FAU, the example of copying solutions is indeed a positive one, however, in order to achieve such a result, the level of investment, as correctly noted, must be appropriate, but this, in general, applies to any method of implementing a Russian OS project.
And also, regardless of the chosen platform (ReactOS, Linux, something else), in addition to money, there must be a clear goal and a way to control its achievement, and there must also be laws that really and cruelly punish for fruitless waste of money (I’m talking about Skolkovo-shaped projects).
Then the result will be, and it doesn’t matter which branch you follow. The question of choosing a path only determines its effectiveness and we are discussing this. From this point of view, the argument for choosing ReactOS as the best tool for the office PC market does not actually say anything in favor of such a choice; the same can be said about Linux + LibreOffice. Yes, the issue with 1C will have to be resolved, but this is a particular matter.
I actually write code and feel it from the inside (c) I have experience creating my own language and an original real-time OS for embedded applications and I believe that the most optimal path today is still Linux, and it’s okay that the lines of code there will be from Red Hat or, say, Debian. I’ll repeat myself a little, the phenomenon of cutting money - it’s not connected with Linux, and if those people had taken ReactOS as a basis, the result would have been the same, or rather none. About wine and ReactOS compatibility - to be honest, it sounds strange to me that ReactOS compatibility will be better and 100% because we wanted it, but that the wine developers don’t want it? Or did they have some kind of error in the gene code? I assume that if something doesn’t work out there, then the new project will do the same? obviously there will be the same problems.

2015/03/13 06:21 , E.V.Geniy

Good article on interesting topic, but with their choice in voting here the people are still right... Compatibility is good, but isn’t it easier to create an operating system from scratch, similar to Phantom OS but with open source code for the Russian community, attach a virtual machine to it in which to run old goodies that are not compatible with this OS? And in the OS itself it will focus on built-in tools for rapid software development. In many cases, it’s easier to write the program again than to mess around with whatever some author put in there with his twisted mind.

And by the way, 1C8.3 is already under Linux...

2015/03/25 03:20 , Max

Guys, I have nothing to do with programming (an economist by training), BUT (!) not being an IT specialist, I can tell you that right now, when Russia is under sanctions, when we are in the direction of the main blow of the entire information machine In the West, when people refuse to buy Windows just because it introduced restrictions for residents of Crimea and Sevastopol (I personally know such people), we have a chance! People will abandon Windows just because it's American, and switch to ReactOS just because it's Russian! This is a unique time when our OS can conquer the market without the use of economic levers and pragmatic calculations. In the future, the mother market (Russian) will become the springboard from which it will begin its march around the World. Bring it to mind: insert the disc, press the button - it’s installed, and no “dancing with a tambourine.” Guys, don't miss this chance!

2015/03/27 10:25 , rainbowhope

Along with creating the OS, it is important to create YOUR own hardware, because the lack of loopholes in the software can be compensated for by loopholes through the hardware. Of course, our manufacturers will also make loopholes in order to control their own fellow citizens, so for those who want to hide from local intelligence services, it would be logical to use “enemy” equipment, the manufacturers of which have interests that antagonize our interests. It's like an exchange of dissidents. In general, espionage is eternal.

2015/04/09 17:51 , MAX

Our OS must be compatible with all applications, be able to read all types and types of files, know how to launch programs correctly, understand all programs and files downloaded and transferred from other types and types of OS, have good persistence and adaptability, resist viruses and hacking. Be able to recognize all languages, perceive and reproduce what is necessary for a person.

2015/08/05 13:30 , Alexei

If the wheel is invented, then everyone will roll it, regardless of who invented it and why. There are thousands of options, one principle. And there is no need to argue which system is better. Want a completely different computing system? Remember our "Triad"

2015/08/13 21:36 , Orngali

I wanted our Russian specialists to create an OS that would be different from all those existing on the internet!!!

2015/08/25 10:11 , Credo

There is no point in arguing here. If REACTOS really worked as it should, then everyone would have given up on this Windows without any problems. But it is not usable at all. The browser starts, but 90% of the pages are glitchy, programs launch, but half of the functionality does not work. Stupidly there is not even a normal language switch. And compatibility with equipment will not be available for a very long time.
To bring it all to fruition, the painstaking work of 1000 programmers is needed over ten years. In America, all this work for Microsoft was paid for by buyers, they are used to paying for software, in Russia, with its love for FREE, this option will never work. Conclusion: since the market does not pay, the state must pay. But now our state is not the same. If earlier Stalin said “we need nuclear bomb like in America,” then the country has this bomb. And if Medvedev mumbled, “we need import substitution in software,” then apart from cutting budget money Nothing will come of this.
In short, I don’t BELIEVE that modern Russia Maybe such a global project will be successfully born, especially if it is needed by someone else besides us.

Since it still won’t be possible to change the dominance of Windows by any means, the only way out for the world community, I think, is the adoption of Windows as a STANDARD, with worldwide pressure on Pendos to open the source code and the creation of a global development center, to which all countries without exception would have access manufacturers.

2015/10/16 00:44 , Tigger

You know, the matter, of course, seems pompous, however, times go by and tasks become simplified - oddly enough. Talking today about full compatibility... Guys, the main program on today's device is the browser and it should not be compatible (and God forbid it looks like Explorer). Windows today is a warehouse of all ever invented solutions in one image (garbage there like Plyushkin) from here and its problems. Linux, I love it, I work on it - I especially like the source codes of the programs, it gives me the opportunity to “tailor it to suit myself” and I thought so, but most of the programs that I use I wrote myself (for this I have enough knowledge in C/C++, Python, QT, GTK). Only now, as the OS of the country, Linux can hardly be considered as a project of one oligarch (in order to support the poor, to make a statement...) - yes. But the state... it’s difficult here, security (it will be at nuclear power plants and on submarines and in the pocket of a drug addict :)). They already wrote that you need to produce your own hardware - this is really important. Need compatibility with applications for Windows - I doubt which ones? with an office? after all, this and much more is already online, but Windows works so poorly with the network, here Linux rules the network itself. This is all I mean. A country like Russia should make hardware and write software from scratch without regard for compatibility (by the way, many, many people will want compatibility with the PlayStation more than with Windows :)) Principle, I would like a Linux axis (compiler out of the box, open source software. ..) only without fanaticism The state axis cannot be open (at least for security reasons) and one will have to bear responsibility for software development (the hucksters are the weak links here) so institutes, academies...as auxiliary circles, communities Yes, yes, I know trillions... but the thing is with us, we all can’t decide whether we want to live well or whether we have a lot of money (and most importantly, not ours) - that’s the problem. .

2015/11/08 08:24 , Dmitriy

This is a unique opportunity now that Microsoft is releasing such crap - it feels like the Windows 8 interface was developed by nerds! The huge number of people dissatisfied with this axis could have been used at the start. Not much has changed in 10. We are waiting for the 11th. But with such a trend, one cannot count on a worthwhile product.

Alas, we have lawyers in our power. There are no technocrats. Only two former programmers, and those outcasts, were State Duma deputies: Sergei Mavrodi and Ilya Ponomarev. But you need to pinch off a mere penny from the oil pie (even if it has lost weight). I wonder what would raise prestige more - the 2014 Olympics plus the 2018 FIFA World Cup or its own OS - subject to comparable costs?

2015/11/30 17:52 , Silence!

Without solving the compatibility problem, this development is not needed.

I am also surprised by these voting results. Of course, it's great if the new OS is cutting-edge. But how will she make her way into life and get on the screens of millions of people? I can't believe this is possible. Even with the most sensitive government participation.

2016/01/21 22:15 , Eugene

Firstly, we don’t need our own OS.
What are you planning to run it on? On domestic computers?
Where are they?

Secondly, what equipment should it be developed for? On PC?
Are existing operating systems not enough for you? Maybe take any free one and bring it to mind?

Third. Society and the state have no request for another OS. There are plenty of existing ones.

Now, if there was a concept for a new OS, there was hardware on which to implement it, there would be someone to develop it (who will pay the money?)... All this is Manilovism.

If you noticed, it is suggested above that we take a free OS (React OS) and bring it to mind. Both society and the state have a request for an OS compatible with Windows, only safe and free from the politics of the Microsoft party, but there is no adequate satisfaction of this request. Having gained experience in developing, supporting and marketing this OS, you can move on, distributing it to your Elbrus and other devices, introducing your innovations into it.

There is something to pay for, even now, because you need much less money for this than for megaprojects. There are no technocrats in power.

2016/01/22 16:49 , Eugene

Oh yes! I don't see any place for ReactOS in modern OSes at all. Sorry, but Win98 (and even XP) is already the Stone Age.

What is the most important thing in an OS? So that the hardware and user programs work. Both of these problems cannot be solved without domestic hardware.

You see, for most people an OS is not a fetish, but a launcher for familiar (convenient, favorite) programs. If ReactOS runs this, it means it will have space on users’ disks. For now, it aims to be compatible with XP; this is no longer the Stone Age.

So that the hardware and user programs work. Both of these problems cannot be solved without domestic hardware.

To operate programs that the user already has, domestic hardware is not necessary. Of course, you need to work on your hardware. And I hope that my hardware and my OS will one day work together.

2016/03/02 13:38 , Dmitriy

For those interested, the system repository has moved to https://github.com/dzavalishin/phantomuserland

2016/06/08 09:05 , Konstantin

I believe that it is better to make the national axis from scratch, avoiding those shortcomings that already exist in other operating systems. It is better to discuss the interface and all sorts of features openly on the Internet. Promotion will begin with mandatory installation on the work computers of public sector employees, and will start on a free basis with government subsidies. Minimum required set of programs (minimum basic stand-alone package, not included in the OS): browser, text editor, tables, presentations, audio-video players. 1C (fortunately, it’s a Russian developer) can release a compilation for this OS. I think everything will work out...

If the OS is made from scratch, with its own incompatible API, then all application software will have to be made from scratch. Creating your own browser seems no less difficult than writing an OS. After all, the number of fundamentally different browsers is much smaller than the number of fundamentally different operating systems. What about the rest of the software? To write programs for an incompatible OS, you need compilers for a considerable number of languages. In the end, it turns out that writing an OS and rewriting all the software is a more expensive task than cloning Windows. Now, if our country was swimming in money, like Qatar and Kuwait, then it would be a different matter.

2016/06/08 11:16 , Konstantin

On the scale of one group of people or company - yes, it’s difficult. At the state level, a small thing that will remove dependence on the Americans. I’m already talking about backdoors in the axis. Compiling programs for a new axis does not look so ominous when state support. The main thing is to start - and then there will be a chain reaction of compilation and transition to a new axis. Many people have a desire to change, but there are no alternatives (Linux is the lot of masochistic enthusiasts, I am partly one of them).

You know, the ReactOS developers are asking for very little - $1 million to bring it to fruition. Is this a lot on a national scale? It can be modified very quickly. And if the results are positive, it will be possible to move on to other OSes. After all, this is a normal approach: before taking on a large-scale project, you must first practice on cats.

2016/08/30 03:09 , xDDGx

In my opinion, now compatibility with Windows is not at all so critical (as, say, it was 10 years ago). Languages, libraries, development tools are mostly cross-platform, and manufacturers of custom software are also not averse to grabbing more of the market (the same Mac, Android).
Banking and industrial software are indeed often tied to Windows, but this is only a consequence of the inertia of enterprises (remember Cobol...). Sooner or later this software will have to be rewritten.
By the way, they said above: “But why isn’t Windows updated to accommodate the written applications?” - I wouldn’t throw around such words :) Microsoft was doing this even during the formation of its OS, and probably continues to do so now - otherwise, where do so many compatibility modes come from? But despite this, many old programs and games still do not work, or work poorly under modern Windows. You can, of course, say that “they are not really needed, except for a handful of fans and geeks,” but if you think in this direction, you can develop the idea even further and notice that modern users, in fact, have a browser in addition to a file manager , an office and a couple of other consumer goods are not really needed. And for all this, Windows is no longer required. Therefore, now people - not geeks, not those whose profession is related to computers - often buy a tablet instead of a computer...

The shares of Linux and FreeBSD were 0.89% and 0.02%, respectively.

Why are you all so attached to these unfortunate percentages? How many PCs are there in the world? Let there be a billion. Roughly take the share of Linux equal to 1%. One percent of a billion is ten million. Ten million is a pretty good number for a "hacker OS". Not to mention the fact that a billion is an out-of-the-blue number, and most likely there are even more of them (and the percentage may already be higher). And this despite the fact that M$ did not disdain to organize black PR against Linux (how do you compare the cost of purchasing and maintaining a server, in which the most expensive options and hardware were chosen for Linux, and the cheapest for Windows), not to mention other relatively fair ways of competition. It is known that M$ put pressure on OEM suppliers, forcing them to sell only PCs and laptops with Windows pre-installed. Even now, to buy a laptop with Linux, you have to rack your brains, and it’s not a fact that it will suit you in terms of hardware, convenience and other parameters.

Thus, people are accustomed to Windows, most do not even know about the existence of an alternative, and sellers, of course, not wanting to take risks and lose profits, sell computers with Windows pre-installed. Without seeing alternatives, without truly knowing them, consumers themselves will not experiment and change their habits.

If a hypothetical “Russian OS” does appear, then you need to start from here. It is necessary that PCs and laptops with it be freely available for sale (and, of course, at a competitive price, preferably lower than similar configs with Windows). Of course, many, having purchased such a computer, will reinstall it on their usual Windows, but someone will be interested, someone will be forced to use it and, if they find it convenient and functional enough, they will leave it.

It seems to me that this is the only way to “move” the giant - only by selling the OS along with the hardware. Most likely, this is why Apple has its 10%. Although Apple is generally paradoxical - how many times have they changed the hardware and OS? And the compatibility left much to be desired! It's hardly easier for them with Windows applications. And even porting software from Unix-like operating systems (and modern MacOS is a certified Unix) has a number of problems and nuances (there is no out-of-the-box X server, for example). And, despite all this - 10% of the market... There is something to think about.

It turns out that the national OS will not share the pie with Microsoft and Apple. No, it will bite off its share of the market with a capacity of 0.89% + 0.02% = 0.91%.

And why is that? In this regard, it is especially ironic that Apple's Mac OS X, which takes up about 10%, is precisely a close relative of FreeBSD, which has only 0.02%. However, the Mac has all the “Unix” under the hood; I personally find it difficult to perceive this OS as a “real” Unix. However, this clearly shows that the author is mistaken in drawing such conclusions. Of course, if you just take some Linux distribution, change the name and copyrights, and then present it as a “Russian OS for hackers,” the result will be somewhat predictable. If you set yourself the goal of creating something truly stable, convenient and workable, then there is no longer a particularly fundamental difference in what exactly to take as a basis (or whether to take it at all...). (However, if I’m right about “the hardware moves the OS,” then even an Ubuntu clone may well have a good chance.) And besides that, marketing. Without marketing and aggressive advertising, neither MS nor Apple would have what they have now.

The idea of ​​creating an OS completely from scratch, incompatible with anything, doesn’t seem so futile to me either. It does not at all follow from this that everything will have to be written from scratch. After all, it is quite possible to port an existing API. By porting the same POSIX, we get the entire set of programs for Linux (including programming languages, libraries and development tools); by porting Wine, we get WinAPI. As a last resort, emulation and virtualization remain (VirtualBox is completely open source). So even in this case, not everything is hopeless. Although, of course, contributing to an already existing project is still preferable - it’s simpler (and therefore cheaper), and the developments will benefit not only oneself but also the existing community of developers and users (which includes ReactOS, and even more so Linux, of course, is not limited to Russia).

2016/11/10 18:25 , Amateur

It is curious that the discussion does not affect professionals in the field of operating systems (OS). A newly created OS is doomed to failure, or a sluggish existence, if there are no basic basic applications. The main thing is, of course, the office suite. It must be better than its main competitor. I repeat, BETTER, not on par, or compatible, etc. Only in this case will people pay attention to the system with the package. That is, the primary task is to create an Office, even if it is for existing OSes; the code can later be recompiled. The second task of the system is design work. 3D modeling packages and enterprise document management programs are required. The third task is to create an IDE programming system for the OS, which allows you to quickly create applications and additions to the system. Only by solving these three problems will a full-fledged competitive system be obtained. To quickly create a competitive OS, you need strategy and unification strong teams capable of working together on a large-scale project, distributing tasks.

2017/03/10 23:38 , Andrey

Your own OS should be created for specialized systems and it should not support the architecture of foreign processors. Solving highly specialized problems will not only ensure sovereignty, but will also train professional personnel who will be able (in conditions of technological lag) to develop hardware and software without the use of foreign CAD and programming systems. In order for Russian developers to stop passing off foreign developments as domestic ones and write their own software, a lot of problems need to be solved. These problems are so significant that modern leaders prefer to follow the path of deception, hanging noodles on the ears of officials in order to preserve their teams. Unfortunately, there are only a few such leaders left. It is a common thing when a manager does not understand the assigned work, but knows well how to promote his activities and how to allocate the budget.

Your own OS should be created for specialized systems

Such ones are already being created, for example, a Unix-compatible OS from Kaspersky Lab. And there are those that are even used in final products - I personally talked with the developers of such a real-time OS.

But what about ordinary, non-specialized systems that are installed on millions of workplaces? This is what you need to think about first.

and it should not support foreign processor architectures.

Why so? If it is technically possible and commercially viable, why not?

will prepare professional personnel who will be able (in conditions of technological lag) to develop hardware and software without the use of foreign CAD and programming systems.

To develop your own processor, you need foreign software - we don’t have our own. Developing your own similar software for our small market has not yet paid off.

In order for Russian developers to stop passing off foreign developments as domestic ones and write their own software, a lot of problems need to be solved.

The most important of them is money. Where can I get them from? Business does not see its benefit in this. And the state’s budget is also not bottomless, in order to ensure 100% import substitution. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate dependencies in key technologies.

2017/04/19 12:09 , Ilya

The Russian operating system will keep secrets. The National Center for Informatization has developed an operating system that is designed specifically for working with information that constitutes a state secret. And it’s called… “AXIS”. http://graciastatei.blogspot.ru/2017/04/blog-post_49.html

Yes, he didn’t develop it. The same Linux, only side view. There is probably 0.001% of your own code there. It’s like tuning cars in the USSR: there you hung a curtain, here you changed the knob on the handle. So that there is as little resemblance as possible to the technological donor.

2017/12/22 04:04 , rst256

Microsoft patents, for example, owns patents for double mouse click

But this is our invention! Double click was developed at the AvtoVAZ plant; it is still used there to slam car doors, press the clutch and brake pedals, etc.

2017/12/22 04:26 , rst256

Of course, there are pitfalls, the biggest of which are patents. Microsoft, for example, owns patents for double-clicking the mouse and popping up the context menu when pressing the right mouse button. Without this, Windows, one might say, is not Windows. From the point of view of an ordinary person, such patents are absurd. But they allow Microsoft to sue any competitor in the United States and many other countries.

Pf. We make our own OS, transfer the launch/opening processing and calling the context menu to an external module (plugin), now double-clicking the mouse and dropping the context menu by pressing the right mouse button can be implemented by installing third-party software. Afterwards, we either develop such a module ourselves, or simply wait a couple of months until user programmers make it.

Or, when installing the OS, you can ask the user a question: “The method for calling the context menu is not defined. Press a key or a combination of mouse and keyboard keys to drop down the context menu. In the future, you can correct this method in the control panel." And that’s it, it’s not our fault that the user preferred this particular way of working with the context menu.

2018/01/04 21:40 , Victor Vasilievich

"Russian operating system". I think the government set the task and is fulfilling it incorrectly. Developing an OS that supports applications for another OS is Waste resources. If the government knows exactly what it needs, has the necessary competence and resources to develop a new OS, then it needs to gather resources, a team, define the tasks and responsibilities of each team member and... go ahead. The way the government is doing it now, “do this, I don’t know what” is a crime against taxpayers. It would be a sin not to take advantage of such incompetence. Which is exactly what happens. The money is spent - the result is zero.

And our smart heads work on the same Small Soft Ones. They have more organization, conditions, and salaries.
Therefore, I believe that there is no need for any artificial “Russian OS”. We need an OS created in Russia and for Russia, which we could not only brag about, but also sell. And only commercial structures can cope with this task when they have a commercial interest.

I’m not ready to talk about what’s going on in the government. But, in my opinion, there is a lack of consistency. And just a technical outlook, because lawyers are in power.

crime against taxpayers

You adhere to liberal rhetoric. But if someone does not pay taxes (schoolchildren, students, pensioners), then there is no need to answer to them, or what?

And our smart heads work on the same Small-Soft

And we need to make sure that these small soft ones ultimately work for us. After all, trillions of dollars worth of programs have been written for Windows. Make a Windows-compatible OS - and we have millions of programs on our side. If the mafia cannot be defeated, then it must be led.

2018/01/18 13:23 , Dmitriy

Linux is behind the scenes for everything, especially on someone else’s hardware, it doesn’t matter which axis.

For most, it is not the axis that is important, but the programs with which they need/are accustomed/desirable to work. And they select the axle and hardware for their programs. And Linux is often not suitable.

2018/02/24 14:51 , Enikeyschik

Of all the comments, only one is sensible! But as always, in the heat of the fight between Win and Lin, no one noticed him. I want to join this commentator and repeat after him: a new OS is being made on new technologies, taking better from the previous ones, 1 (one, Karl!) program is screwed onto it, but licked like an egg - Virtual Box, on which the soul runs wants Win or Lin, and then developers create without haste necessary programs and gradually get rid of old stuff.

On the need for accelerated development of the domestic software market, ensuring maximum independence from foreign developments in the field high technology and the preservation of information sovereignty were first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations. It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time. All this had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which Lately has been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.

"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (PDIS) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.

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Developer: Basalt SPO company

The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring, and others tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.

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Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)

A Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an email server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.

Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Peculiarities latest version OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components ensuring information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform certified simultaneously in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows processing in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions Russian Federation restricted access information containing information constituting a state secret and classified no higher than “top secret”.

⇡ ROSALinux

Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"

The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components, including original ones created by programmers of the ROSA Scientific and Technical Center for Information Technologies. In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.

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Developer: Calculate company

Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.

⇡ "Ulyanovsk.BSD »

Developer: Sergey Volkov

An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a commercially distributed distribution kit and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.

A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.

⇡ "Alfa OS" (Alfa OS)

Developer: ALFA Vision company

Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. Currently, Alpha OS is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.

A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, which has implemented special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.

⇡ "EdOS"

An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.

⇡ GosLinux (“GosLinux”)

Developer: Red Soft company

GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in national fund algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.

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Developer: Almi LLC

Product website:

Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many software solutions in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.

⇡ Mobile Armed Forces System (MSMS)

Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)

A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in Armed Forces Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware platforms Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90micro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).

⇡ "Zarya"

Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")

A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, and the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.

Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, and contains configuration recovery tools OS during reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS update can be carried out by the administrator via a local network or from a USB drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer’s local server and from the Kraftway server.

⇡ WTware

Developer: Andrey Kovalev

Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. Supports COM and USB port redirection, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. For the Raspberry Pi mini-computer, the developer offers free version OS.

⇡ KasperskyOS

Developer: Kaspersky Lab

A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated process control systems (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types of equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.

A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAX real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered in Federal service on intellectual property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).

⇡ As a conclusion

There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.

Not so long ago, a simply sensational statement appeared in the press. It turns out that on all computers government agencies our country will soon no longer have a “traditional” Windows OS! Prominent figures promise that a Russian operating system will take its place. The idea is that by the end of this year this same “OS” should begin testing in government institutions.

Optimistic start

The most famous project, which theoretically can lay claim to such a significant role, is Synergy. This system uses the Linux kernel, the decision to develop it was made recently, on August 13, 2014. This was decided by a joint commission (at a meeting of the companies OJSC Russian Railways, Rosatom) and the Russian Federal Nuclear Center from the city of Sarov.

By the way, it is at the Synergy enterprise that it should now be intensively tested. From "Russian railways“It will require active “bringing to mind” of the OS, provided that it is used in user database management systems. Russian Railways has enough of these!

By the way, this whole idea was initiated by Rosatom specialists, since the share of imported software is extremely large, and it was time to move away from such a bad practice long ago. Everyone involved in the development promises that the Russian one will be protected from hacking no worse than the best foreign analogues.

Last straw

So fast decision was largely due to the fact that just in August 2014, the next update package for Windows 7 was released. The irony of fate is that it was these updates that led to the failure of thousands of computers around the world, since it contained critical errors. The problem was also aggravated by the situation with malfunctions of Windows RT, Windows 8 and 8.1 systems.

Why is all this needed?

In general, recently only the lazy do not discuss the Russian operating system. However, the discussion is carried out in an ironic manner. Users should not be blamed for their lack of patriotism. Practice shows that in most cases, domestic projects in this area can only offer “not boring wallpaper” and a new design theme for the same Ubuntu.

It is important to understand exactly what requirements a truly promising Russian operating system must meet, and what principles should be embedded in it. Let's try to fantasize and imagine the directions in which its development should go.

"Childhood diseases"

In general, it’s always worth starting with previous experience, even if it’s negative. As we have already said, our country has one. Starting with the ancient “Spectrums”, on which a slightly rethought DOS was installed, ending with relatively recent times, when some computer clubs installed the “fundamentally new” BedOS 2 “Tanya”. This epic creation was nothing more than Windows 98 redesigned almost beyond recognition.

All of them were united by one thing: despite the new interface, all of these OSs were simply slightly redesigned products of world-famous software manufacturers.

What challenges do domestic developers face?

In principle, there is nothing new to talk about in this case. If a truly new Russian operating system for PCs is now being developed, then its creators face a huge number of tasks. We list just the main ones:

• Release of an OS that will perform all its tasks and work on Russian-made servers and workstations.
• Creation of working and functional virtualization tools for it.
• The same development of a database management tool, the debugging of which is now assigned to Russian Railways.
• Creation, development and support of the domestic application development environment.
• Release of tools that could be used to automate testing.
• Creation of a domestic “application store”. You give a worthy answer to every AppStore!
• Release of an OS that can run not only on desktop computers and laptops, but also on mobile devices (smartphones, tablets). This Russian mobile operating system should become a competitor to Android, iOS, and Windows Mobile.
• Development of design tools that will make it easier to write new applications.
• Analysis of the business sector of the economy, creation of a specialized cluster of programs specifically for it.
• Finally, the development of a Russian operating system should include the creation of its own desktop environment (DE).
• Creation of new tools for installing, deploying and debugging written programs.
• Availability of the opportunity for painless migration of business and home users from older versions of the OS.
• Formation of training courses that will tell users what a Russian operating system for a PC is, its capabilities and prospects.

About users of the new OS

It's no secret that the modern segment of home computers is largely focused on games. In addition, the PC market is distinguished by an incredible variety of computer hardware, as well as the unconditional dominance of the same Windows OS. Since all the concepts and habits of users in this niche are distinguished by deep-rooted conservatism, it is unlikely that they will be changed in any way.

Thus, the new Russian operating system will most likely be focused on government agencies, corporate segments of the economy, and the military-industrial complex.

What requirements must the new OS meet?

1. Relatively low cost of both the system itself and the hardware that is necessary for its normal functioning.
2. Availability of “cloud” work on documents. Simply put, the new system should be oriented toward some kind of collaborative development environment, which is especially in demand in an enterprise or government organization.
3. The system must be scalable. It would be desirable that as the enterprise grows, it could be “tailored” specifically to the needs of a large organization (sort of analogues of the Business and Professional versions).
4. The speed of processing arrays of information should be as high as possible.
5. Maximum reliability and security (including against viruses).
6. The development and development of the OS should be carried out taking into account the latest trends in the hardware market.
7. Protection from malicious actions. In principle, the Russian operating system Rosa is well protected from this, but it is actually another Linux distribution.
8. At least the theoretical possibility of use on a home user’s computer (to gradually attract a new audience).
9. Full compatibility with at least the most common computer hardware and peripherals.

OS development taking into account trends in future hardware development

Recently, processors have crossed the 14 nm threshold, domestic 65 nm Elbruses have appeared, and the imminent release of a new type of capacious memory, ReRam, is reported, which will leave far behind all modern SSDs (NAND) in speed. Simply put, one of the priorities facing manufacturers should be the development of a system that will work on both existing and future hardware. This is a complex matter, and therefore there are quite natural doubts about its success.

Now we will talk about real progress in this area.

About "Chameleons" and other things

In general, modern domestic operating systems have exactly two realistic development paths. And in the first place is the justified interest of the military, for whom secure domestic software is extremely important. The second direction can be described as “patriotic development”. Sometimes projects appear on the Internet, the authors of which regularly announce a Russian-made operating system.

In the latter case, we can call Xameleon OS. If we talk about the technological side of the issue, it is very similar to Mac OS X, since both systems are based on the use of a microkernel. Chameleon uses L4 development, and Mac OS X includes the Mach microkernel. Alas, the domestic “answer” does not yet have even a banal GUI, that is, a graphical interface.

Other candidates

There is also a Russian operating system called Patriot OS. For quite some time now, a fundraiser for its creation has been announced on Boomstarter. The declared amount is 38,500,000 rubles, which in itself causes widespread ridicule on the Internet. The fact is that domestic crowdfunding projects have never reached more than 12 million. Also, if you read the requirements for the new system...

Simply put, the stated amount is clearly not enough. If the Russian operating system “Patriot OS” claims at least 1-2% of the software market in this area, then we need to collect ten times more. However, this money should be enough for at least a preliminary beta version, from which one can judge the prospects of the project as a whole. But the adequacy of some of the declared characteristics raises deep doubts.

A moment of humor

Thus, the author of the project says that he would like to create a new Patrionet Network, an analogue World Internet, which will be available only to those users on whose computers the Russian Patriot operating system is installed. It is stated that it will be based on “incredibly fast dynamic technologies.” The fact is that even 38 million dollars will not be enough to implement something like this, let alone the domestic currency...

Phantom Perspectives

There is also a Russian operating system called Phantom. Theoretically, it is a development of the Digital Zone company (in fact, it is “homemade” by Dmitry Zavalishin). The latter passionately proves the advantages of its “brainchild” every year at the HighLoad exhibition and other similar events.

In principle, this time the Russian Phantom operating system does not contain anything truly revolutionary or new. The developers really are not lying when they claim that their OS is not a clone of Windows/Unix.

But for some reason they “forget” to tell that “Phantom” is an almost exact copy of the KeyKOS/EROS system. Moreover, this topic was started in the distant 80s of the last century, when the general principles KeyKOS development.