MOSCOW, May 18 – RIA Novosti. The level of Russian education in history needs to be increased, but the mandatory Unified State Exam will create an additional burden on school graduates; professional communities should enter into constructive discussions on this matter, said Honored Teacher of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education Evgeniy Yamburg.

Earlier, the head of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Olga Vasilyeva, announced that the Unified State Examination in history will become mandatory in 2020.

Yamburg, in an interview with RIA Novosti, recalled that the famous historian and journalist Nikolai Svanidze “was horrified” when future masters at the Faculty of Journalism were unable to answer basic questions on history related to the First and Second World Wars. “And here you can understand that, of course, without this there is no culture. And it is clear that this must be strengthened,” Yamburg said.

“Many universities, even seemingly specialized ones, have switched to social studies, and there is no entrance exam in history. And in this situation, of course, history has become quite bad,” the expert added.

However, the academician noted that the exam will cause additional burden on graduates. "Any additional exam increases the workload. This is obvious. And here the question arises. We will never abolish either the Russian language or mathematics. This is obvious. It is also planned to introduce a compulsory exam in a foreign language. Here again we need to show measured patience. Measure seven times - cut it once. And I think that professional communities should discuss this and engage in constructive discussions,” Yamburg said.

He also noted that another problem is that despite the accepted historical and cultural standard, it is not yet completely clear how teachers should teach controversial and complex moments in history. “Today we each have our own history. Representatives of different generations can profess completely different views. And in this confusion, the teacher finds himself in a very difficult position,” says Yamburg.

“Today we each have our own history. Representatives of different generations can profess completely different views. And in this confusion, the teacher finds himself in a very difficult position,” says Yamburg.

At the same time, the academician noted that the mandatory exam is planned to be introduced only in three years, so there is time to make an informed decision and slowly come to a consensus.

The main stage of the Unified State Examinations has started in Russia. It will last from May 28 to July 2.

The first were schoolchildren who needed results in geography and computer science.

The Unified State Examination was introduced everywhere nine years ago, but controversy surrounding this form of passing final exams at school has not stopped to this day.

Who invented the Unified State Exam?

The initiator of the introduction of the Unified State Exam in Russia was Vladimir Filippov, who served as Minister of Education from 1999 to 2004. It was under him that the principles of the Unified State Exam in Russia were developed.

The direct creator of the testing system was Vladimir Khlebnikov, the namesake of the great Russian poet. It is interesting to note that it was he who became one of the first critics of this system.

As the head of the Federal Testing Center of Rosobrnadzor, Khlebnikov developed the principles of centralized testing, which was carried out purely voluntarily at the request of students and educational institutions. No budgetary funds were required for this; the results were agreed to be taken into account when screening out applicants from about six hundred universities in the country.

According to Vladimir Khlebnikov, this system was in no way suitable as a final certification at the end of school.

Nevertheless, officials were satisfied with the system, and since 2001, experiments have been carried out to introduce unified state exams in various regions. Since 2009, the Unified State Exam has become the only form of final exams at school and the main one for admission to universities.

Why was this necessary?

Initiators of introduction Unified State Exam more they only cared about two things: reducing corruption, which flourished in education and was not even particularly hidden, and creating a working “educational elevator.”

Filippov said directly that the Unified State Exam is subject to sharp criticism primarily because residents of capital cities lose their “natural” advantage when entering prestigious universities, which could only be obtained through tutoring or paid preparatory courses. The Unified State Examination, as planned by the organizers, equalized the chances.

As time passed, it turned out that in general this was achieved, Tatyana Klyachko, director of the Center for Economics of Continuing Education at the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEI) of the RANEPA, told the website correspondent.

“For all its difficulties, the Unified State Exam has no more shortcomings than traditional exams had. And from the point of view of the fact that children from the outback can now come and enroll in educational institutions in large cities, and we see from the results of our research that the mobility of school graduates has indeed increased sharply, I think this is a good start,” Tatiana Klyachko emphasized.

The principled opponents of the Unified State Exam also admit this. For example, Oleg Smolin, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Education, noted that it has become easier for children from the regions to enter universities in the capital. However, in his opinion, there is more harm from the Unified State Exam.

That is, the Unified State Exam is enough for admission to any university?

Not really. The most prestigious universities received the right to conduct additional tests. First of all, this is Lomonosov Moscow State University, which retains the title of the most prestigious university in the country.

As the rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichy recently said, exams for admission to Moscow State University turn out to be insurmountable for every tenth of the applicants.

However, there are not very many such universities. Basically, good results obtained on the Unified State Exam are enough to enter a higher educational institution.

What if the exam is bad?

If the results are not so good, you can retake the exam. There is an opportunity to do this next year and even immediately after failure.

“And the issue is being explored that you can retake the Unified State Exam in the same year in which you take it. And it was exactly the same before, people didn’t get into university and that’s it, go ahead next year. There is no deterioration compared to traditional exams. The only thing is that there used to be several universities like Moscow State University or Leningrad University state university where you could take exams in July, and exams for all other universities took place in August, so those who did not enter Moscow State University could enter another university in August,” said the director of the Center for Economics of Continuing Education at the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEI) RANEPA Tatyana Klyachko.

As for the psychological aspects, according to experts, little has changed. Just as schoolchildren were nervous before exams, they will continue to be nervous. But the influence of the human factor on the results has decreased.

“At school it was still possible to say that the student, when taking the exam, was not very worried, because all the teachers were familiar to him and, in principle, he believed that he would pass one way or another, although this was not always the case. And if the relationship with some teacher did not work out, then on the contrary, this could lead to extremely unpleasant results. Now the person is at least freed from those troubles. And when the applicant entered the university, he was faced with a completely unfamiliar situation. Yes, at a time when bribes were widespread, some of the people who paid money for education considered themselves more protected. But this is again to the detriment of everyone else. Now the situation is better than 10-12 years ago,” says Tatyana Klyachko.

Why is the Unified State Examination being criticized?

The main object of criticism is the form in which the exam is administered. From the very beginning, doubts were raised about the ability to correctly assess the level of knowledge of students using tests. Exams in this form in the humanities were especially embarrassing. In addition, it was noted that the goal of education is precisely passing exams, and not knowledge as such. Many teachers admitted that they literally coach students to take tests.

Unified State Examination tasks are called test materials, and initially in many disciplines the form “choose one of the answer options” was meant. The tasks were constantly improved, and eventually this form disappeared altogether. Students must give either a short answer to the question or a detailed one. As Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva noted, the tasks are being improved every year.

Nevertheless, the Unified State Exam still has many opponents, including among education specialists, deputies, and parents.

Once again, the President called for the cancellation of the Unified State Exam in early April. Russian Academy Sciences Alexander Sergeev, linking this problem with “brain drain”.

“For some reason we are afraid of the leakage of dollars, we count every month - how much goes there, how much comes here. For some reason, no one considers how our intelligence is leaking out of the country... I believe that we should abandon the Unified State Exam. We must ultimately, after two years of talking about graduate school, return to normal graduate school, which is the first step in scientific activity,” the head of the RAS emphasized.

Scandals

Theoretically, the Unified State Exam should equalize the chances of Russian schoolchildren, no matter where they live - in large cities or in some remote village. In practice, things turned out differently, and scandals broke out almost every year. For example, there was a case when schoolchildren in the Far East, having passed an exam, posted assignments online (they are the same for the whole country). Children living to the west were extremely grateful to them, officials - on the contrary.

Violations such as opening assignments before tests, using smartphones and tablets, and even taking the exam in another region were recorded. They are fighting against violations - the chairmen of the commissions are now approved exclusively by Rosobrnadzor, its representative is included in each regional commission. Online surveillance has been introduced, and schoolchildren are allowed to pass through metal detectors. The number of options has been increased to avoid information leakage to the Internet.

Used for the first time this year new technology data protection. All disks are delivered to the Unified State Exam point in encrypted form, and the assignment and answer forms are printed directly in front of the participants. It is believed that this will help completely eliminate the influence of the human factor.

They don’t seek good from goodness

So far, the arguments of opponents of the Unified State Exam have had no effect. Recently, Deputy Prime Minister Tatyana Golikova said during the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum that the structure of the Unified State Exam may change after analyzing the results of this year. As the director of the Center for Economics of Continuing Education at the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEI) of RANEPA noted in an interview with the website

Tatyana Klyachko, we are unlikely to talk about canceling the Unified State Exam. And from her point of view, that's good.

“If any changes are made to the Unified State Exam, the procedure may be clarified, the content may change, but the exam itself, I think, will remain. And I don’t think there’s a need to change anything again now. This exam is already more or less established, and I think they don’t look for good from good,” she emphasized.

The Unified State Exam (Unified State Exam) is a centralized exam that is conducted in educational institutions of secondary general education with the help of control measuring materials.

C at school (or lyceum) and at the same time the main form of entrance exams to universities. Thus, students take the Unified State Exam in the following subjects: Russian language, mathematics, foreign language (English, French, German and Spanish), physics, chemistry, biology, geography, literature, history, social studies, computer science.

At the same time, and the rest are optional items. You can take any number of optional subjects - it all depends on what requirements the university sets (lists of subjects are usually posted on information stands and on university websites). The results of the Unified State Exam in points are issued in the form of a certificate of Unified State Examination results.

The exam is compulsory for everyone who graduated from school, college, technical school or lyceum after January 1, 2009. In addition, foreign citizens who have studied abroad are required to take it.

In fact, the main time for passing the Unified State Exam- May and June.

However, there are two more stages of passing the Unified State Exam: this is an early period - in April and an additional period - in July.

Graduates of the current year have the right to take the Unified State Exam early, namely:

Evening school students drafted into the army;
- traveling to Russian or international sports competitions and Olympics;
- traveling abroad or being sent for treatment;
- graduates of schools located outside the Russian Federation, in countries with difficult climatic conditions.

During the additional period, graduates of previous years or graduates of primary and secondary education have the right to take the Unified State Exam. vocational education, Foreign citizens.

Who conducts the Unified State Exam?

In the territory Russian Unified State Examination held Federal service for supervision in the field of education and science with the assistance of executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. If the Unified State Exam is held outside of Russia, then Rosobrnadzor conducts it jointly with the founders of the educational institution, which must have state accreditation.

Who should not take the Unified State Exam?

High school graduates who graduated from an educational institution before January 1, 2009, that is, before the Unified State Exam became mandatory, have a choice. When entering a university, they can take exams in the traditional form, or they can take the Unified State Exam on their own. In addition, the Unified State Exam is optional for graduates with disabilities, pupils of closed special institutions for children with deviant behavior and graduates of educational institutions of the penitentiary system.

Despite the ambiguous attitude towards mandatory state exams among school graduates and their parents, the cancellation of the Unified State Exam in 2019 should not be expected. Judging by the trend that took place in 2017 and 2018, students will have to prepare even more efficiently for final tests and begin preparation not at the beginning of 11th grade, but much earlier.

If in the 2018-2019 academic year you have to graduate from school and choose a university, we strongly recommend that you become interested in such questions as:

Required subjects

Although today it is too early to talk about any final decisions regarding the final tests that should take place in the 2018-2019 academic year, employees of the Ministry of Education and Science are still ready to slightly lift the veil of secrecy. We managed to find out that in 2019 the Unified State Examination will definitely have new compulsory subjects.

Compulsory subjects are Russian language and Mathematics.

For compulsory subjects (basic or specialized mathematics and Russian language) in 2019 they could add history. The Ministry of Education and Science emphasizes that every citizen should know the history of his country and be able to distinguish historical facts from profanity and fakes, which last years began to appear more and more often against the backdrop of confrontation between countries in the information field.

As an elective subject, graduates will be able to choose:

• social science;
• physics;
• chemistry;
• history;
• computer science;
• foreign language;
• geography;
• biology;
• literature.

In the list of available for delivery foreign languages will be present: English, German, French, Spanish and Chinese.

As before, tests for future applicants will begin at the beginning of winter with the writing of the December essay, which has already become a traditional start to the graduation campaign.

Thus, today, while studying in the 10th grade, future graduates must decide in which direction they would like to continue their studies and decide how many and what subjects they need to pass for this at the Unified State Exam in 2019.

Innovations and changes in the Unified State Exam 2019

If you believe Vasilyeva’s promises, there will be no fundamental changes in the 2018-2019 season. The innovations introduced in 2017 and 2018 have proven themselves to be excellent, and therefore will remain in the new exam cards.

The following important changes are expected:

1. Mandatory oral part in the Unified State Exam in Russian (the exam will be divided into two days).
2. A new task in the written exam in the Russian language, number 21, where you need to show your knowledge of punctuation. Also, the test part will include fewer hints than before. Comments on the topic of the essay will be highly appreciated (+ additional 5 points).
3. Development of new CMMs in literature, focused on revealing the creative potential of the examinee.
4. In the Unified State Exam in history, the quotation should not contain unnecessary information that is not related to the context, otherwise the answer will not be counted (this applies to task number 21). As for task No. 2, here you will have to fill out the table yourself, and not choose 2 of the 5 presented answer options.
5. Adding so-called “integrated problems” to mathematics tickets, for solving which students will need to accumulate knowledge from different areas of algebra and geometry.
6. As for biology, task number 6 will be in the form of a picture, and not in text format.
7. The computer science exam will be held only using a PC (without the “paper” part).
8. The maximum score for social studies has been increased - now it is not 64, but 65.
9. Chinese language exam with written and oral parts.
10. Tightening of rules aimed at ensuring the reliability of the results obtained.

Perhaps for schoolchildren who did not approach their studies responsibly enough individual items and who realized their lack of knowledge only after entering the 11th grade, the information about how many subjects will have to be taken at the Unified State Exam in 2019 will turn out to be frightening. But, the purpose of such innovations is to provide competitive universities in the country with students who have the necessary amount of knowledge.

For more information about the innovations expected in the Unified State Exam, see the interview with Olga Vasilyeva.

Unified State Exam calendar for 2019

According to the approved schedule of the Unified State Exam December essay graduates 2018-2019 school year will write on the following dates:

• main session - 05.12.18;
• 1st retake – 02/06/19;
• 2nd retake – 05/08/19.

The early period will take place from 03/20/19 to 04/10/19 according to the established schedule:

The calendar for the main session of the Unified State Exam in 2019 will be as follows:

In September, graduates will be able to retake only compulsory subjects. The retake schedule will be as follows:

Minimum and passing scores

Carrying out Unified State Exam assignments, graduate recruiting test scores, which are converted into final results on a certain scale. It is not yet known whether there will be changes in the 2019 table. But, with a high degree of probability, it can be argued that the system of minimum and passing scores will remain.

• Minimum score– a necessary condition for obtaining an education document. It is not difficult to achieve the minimum score in subjects. To do this, it is enough to master theory and practice at a basic level.
• Passing score– a necessary condition for entry into the university chosen by the graduate. You should look for information about passing scores for a specific specialty at the university of interest on the official website of the educational institution.

Retake

Some good news is the fact that in 2019 it will be possible to retake not only compulsory subjects, but also any Unified State Examination. But, only one!

For graduates of previous years who received an unsatisfactory result, as well as for those who “failed” more than 1 subject or were found to have violated discipline, there will be no retakes.

If a graduate was unable to appear on the test day for a valid reason (documented), he will receive 2 more attempts.

• on the reserve day of the session;
• during the fall session.

Since the Unified State Examination certificate remains valid for 4 years, the autumn retake opens up for the graduate the prospect of entering a university next year, or even in 2019-2020 in faculties that have a shortage of students.

Preparation

By reading our article today, you are in time to think about preparing for the final tests that await you in 11th grade.

Experienced teachers with years of experience behind them effective preparation graduates to pass the Unified State Exam, it is recommended to go towards the intended goal according to the following algorithm:

1. Determine which faculty you would like to enroll in.
2. Find out what compulsory subjects (Unified State Examination certificates) the university requires from applicants in 2019.
3. Find out what changes are expected in 2019 according to the main Unified State Exam subjects(the official FIPI website will help with this).
4. Step by step repeat all the topics of the school course in subjects, practicing solving test tickets for 2018 and 2019.
5. Attend preparation courses for the Unified State Exam or contact a tutor.

Unfortunately, practice shows that simply good knowledge of the subject is not enough to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. Practice in solving problems of a certain type is required. By gaining experience in solving Unified State Exam questions while preparing for exams, students form a strategy for completing tasks and gain confidence in their own abilities, which is an indispensable assistant in achieving success.

Subscribe to our updates or join our groups on in social networks and you will not miss important changes and the latest news about what 11th grade students should expect at the Unified State Exam in 2019.

We also suggest watching a video of the All-Russian meeting of the head of Rosobrnadzor with parents, at which issues important for future graduates were raised.

Modern schoolchildren and their parents know very well what the Unified State Exam is. Heated debates and discussions have been going on for several years. Not everyone agrees with the format and results of this exam. But the Ministry of Education remains adamant and is not going to cancel the Unified State Exam. Let's find out more about when and why this exam appeared.

When was the Unified State Exam introduced in Russia?

Many school and university graduates remember the times when exams were ticketed and there was no testing. It seems that the Unified State Exam appeared quite recently. But this is not true at all. To answer the question in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced, you need to look into the history of the entire education system.

Back in the last century, at the end of the 80s, the first prerequisites appeared. It was then that they noticed that there was a large gap in the requirements for final and entrance exams. Universities made more serious demands. Therefore, yesterday's student could not cope with the entrance examinations.

So, in what year was the Unified State Exam introduced? Facts state that the first attempts were made already in 1997. In some schools, graduates could voluntarily participate in testing experiments.

It is difficult to say for sure in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced. The development and implementation of the unified exam was carried out gradually.

The first developments appeared in 1999. The implementation of the idea was not delayed for long. And already in 2001 an experiment was organized. It was joined not only by schools, but also by some educational institutions that accepted the Unified State Examination result as an alternative to traditional entrance tests for schoolchildren.

Several regions were chosen as experimental ones. 30 thousand people took part in the first tests. Approximately 50 state universities began to accept the Unified State Examination certificate issued at school instead of entrance examinations.

If we count from the moment the experiment was introduced, the answer to the question in what year the Unified State Exam was introduced will be simple: in 2001.

In 2001-2008 there was no single list of subjects taken in the form of the Unified State Exam. Each region compiled the list independently.

In 2002 year of the Unified State Exam was still an experiment, but by that time the number of its participants included 8,400 schools and 117 universities.

In 2003, 18.5 thousand schools conducted final exams in the form of the Unified State Exam, and 245 universities accepted certificates from applicants.

If we talk about when the Unified State Exam was introduced as a mandatory exam, we can remember 2004. It was then that the experiment was considered successful and they started talking about plans for its widespread distribution. At the same time, no one took into account the opinions of the dissatisfied, who spoke out sharply against the Unified State Exam.

The transition period lasted for several more years, until amendments to the law “On Education” were adopted in 2009. It was from this moment that the Unified State Exam was recognized as mandatory. Even for those who, after graduating from school, did not plan to continue their studies at a university.

Now you know when the Unified State Exam was introduced.

Who introduced the unified exam?

The idea to introduce the Unified State Exam in Russia belongs to Vladimir Filippov, who served as head of the Ministry of Education in 1998-2004. In his opinion, the Unified State Exam will not only provide a high-quality test of knowledge, but also defeat the corruption that flourished under the traditional form of exams, when their results depended on one or several teachers.

Why was the Unified State Exam introduced?

Due to the abundance of teaching methods and school aids, testing knowledge has become more difficult. Therefore, it was necessary to develop a unified testing system and ensure the same level of basic knowledge with which graduates leave school.

Another important reason for introducing the Unified State Exam, as we have already mentioned, is to combat corruption. Previously, with a traditional exam, the result depended on the teacher, which contributed to the increase in the number of bribes. After all, every graduate wanted to get the highest score in the certificate. The results of the Unified State Exam are assessed not by the teacher, but by a machine that cannot be bribed.

Affordable education

Another one global problem The problem that the Unified State Examination is designed to combat is related to admissions. Previously, the exam had to be taken both at school and at university. Now it is enough to pass the Unified State Exam once, receive a certificate and present it to the university admissions committee.

Now even schoolchildren from the regions can get into the prestigious institution. Previously they did not have this opportunity. To enter a university, you had to hire a tutor or attend preparatory courses.